Building Resilience to Trauma: The Trauma and Community Resiliency Models PDF
Preview Building Resilience to Trauma: The Trauma and Community Resiliency Models
Building Resilience to Trauma During and after a traumatic experience, survivors experience a cascade of physical, emotional, cognitive, behavioral, relational, and spiritual responses that can make them feel unbalanced and threatened. The second edition of Building Resilience to Trauma explains common responses from a biolog- ical perspective, reframing the human experience from one of shame and pathology to one of hope and biology. Using two evidence-informed mod- els of intervention that are trauma-informed and resiliency-informed—the Community Resiliency Model (CRM) and the Trauma Resiliency Model (TRM)—chapters distill complex neuroscience into understandable con- cepts and lay out a path for fostering short- and long-term healing. CRM develops natural leaders who share wellness skills throughout commu- nities as primary prevention, and TRM focuses on training mental health professionals to reprocess traumatic experiences. Studies have demonstrated that the models’ use leads to significant reductions in depression and anxiety, and both models also lead to increases in well-being. The models restore balance after traumatic experiences and can be used as tools to cultivate well-being across cultures and abilities throughout the lifespan. Program cosponsors have included the United Nations, Emory University’s Center for Contemplative Science and Compassion-Based Ethics, the Vic- tims and Survivors Network of Northern Ireland, PACES Connection, the International Transformational Resilience Coalition, the Adventist Disaster Relief Agency International, Wake County School System, and the State of Washington Police Commission. Elaine Miller-Karas, LCSW, is co-founder and director of innovation of the Trauma Resource Institute and adjunct faculty at Loma Linda Univer- sity. She is an author, lecturer, consultant, radio show host, Psychology Today blogger, trauma therapist, and social entrepreneur. Building Resilience to Trauma The Trauma and Community Resiliency Models SECOND EDITION Elaine Miller-Karas Designed cover image: © Getty Images Second edition published 2023 by Routledge 605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158 and by Routledge 4 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2023 Elaine Miller-Karas The right of Elaine Miller-Karas to be identified as author of this work has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. First edition published by Routledge 2015 ISBN: 9780367681746 (hbk) ISBN: 9780367681708 (pbk) ISBN: 9781003140887 (ebk) DOI: 10.4324/9781003140887 Typeset in Goudy by codeMantra I dedicate the second edition to three people I greatly admire and respect: To my husband, Jim Karas. His patience and unconditional love have sustained and nourished me through life’s bumpy and unpredictable journey. Without him, I could not have led the international movement of the Trauma Resource Institute (TRI). It is true that he has lived with a passionate, spunky woman with an unwavering mission and always showed me incredible grace, humor, and unwavering support. To my daughter, Jessica Karas Waterson. Since her birth, I have been amazed by her spirit, compassion, transparency, and abilities. I took her to Kenya as my assistant when she had just graduated from college. It was transformative for both of us, and it was then that I witnessed her skill in transcultural communication with African women leaders. I admire her knowledge and skill with both TRM and CRM. Her support and companionship have been immeasurable. To Michael Sapp. Through serendipitous good luck and perhaps fate, I was able to influence this young psychologist with my ideas about neuroscience and embodied healing. He could not have imagined what was in store for him - we traveled the globe together and shared so many precious moments of witnessing TRM and CRM in action. When I was ready to turn over the reins of TRI, I could not have found a better leader. His solid values of respect for all people are ones we all can aspire to in life. He has been patient and met me on this journey with humor, kindness, understanding, and compassion. Contents List of Illustrations x About the Authors and Contributors xi Foreword by Brendan Ozawa-de Silva xv Preface xix Acknowledgments xxi PART I THE FOUNDATION 1 1 Introduction, Resilience, and Perspective 3 ELAINE MILLER-KARAS 2 Trauma Defined 15 ELAINE MILLER-KARAS 3 The Six Wellness Skills of the Community Resiliency Model (CRM) and the Trauma Resiliency Model (TRM) 31 ELAINE MILLER-KARAS 4 The Trauma Resiliency Model Reprocessing Skills 53 ELAINE MILLER-KARAS 5 The Nervous System, Memory, and Trauma 78 MICHAEL SAPP AND ELAINE MILLER-KARAS 6 Embodying Otherness to Us: Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Justice 100 REENA PATEL AND ELAINE MILLER-KARAS viii Contents PART II THE COMMUNITY RESILIENCY MODEL IN ACTION 115 7 The Community Resiliency Model (CRM) in Public Health 117 ELAINE MILLER-KARAS 8 The Disaster Relief Mobilization: Community Resiliency Model Preparation Program (DRM:CRM) 131 ELAINE MILLER-KARAS 9 The Community Resiliency Model (CRM) and Law Enforcement 146 JENNIFER WALLACE PART III WORKING WITH CHILDREN 155 10 Working with Children Who Have Experienced Trauma: A Developmental Perspective 157 KIMBERLY FREEMAN 11 Using CRM/TRM Wellness Skills with Infants, Children, and Teens 173 ELAINE MILLER-KARAS, KIMBERLY FREEMAN, AND SUSAN REEDY PART IV THE TRAUMA RESILIENCY MODEL (TRM) AND CLINICAL INTEGRATION 199 12 Attachment Strategies and Adult Behavior 201 ELAINE MILLER-KARAS AND JENNIFER BURTON FLIER 13 Veterans, Active-Duty Service Members, and Their Loved Ones 228 ELAINE MILLER-KARAS AND JAN CLICK 14 Addiction, Dependence, and Substance Use Disorder 245 ELAINE MILLER-KARAS AND JESSICA KARAS WATERSON Contents ix PART V RESEARCH 267 15 Research on the Community Resiliency Model (CRM): Need, Theoretical Basis, Status, Tools, and Next Steps 269 LINDA GRABBE, SUSANNE MONTGOMERY, KIMBERLY FREEMAN, AND BEVERLY J. BUCKLES Index 301
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