Building Peace and Security in Africa

263 Pages·2016·1 MB·English

African-Centred Solutions
Building Peace and Security in Africa
Editors
Sunday Okello and Mesfin Gebremichael
Copyright © 2016 Institute for Peace and Security Studies, Addis
Ababa University
Printed in Ethiopia
First published: 2016
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or
transmitted, in any form or by any means, electoronic or mechanical
including photocopy, recording or inclusion in any information
storage and retrieval system, without the prior written permission of
the Institute for Peace and Security Studies.
The views expressed in this book are those of the authors. They do not
necessarily reflect the views of the Institute.
ISBN: 978-99944-943-3-0
Table of Contents
Chapter One
Introduction by Sunday Angoma Okello ................................................... 1
Chapter Two
Interrogating the Concept and Ideal of African-Centred Solution to
African Peace and Security Challenges By Amadu Sesay ..................... 21
Chapter Three
Enriching the African-Centred Solutions Concept: Reflections on
AU-led Peace Support Operations in Sudan and Somalia By Dawit
Yohannes ....................................................................................................... 47
Chapter Four
South Sudan: Exploring African–Centred Hybrid Sustainable
Peacebuilding and Security By Evelyn Mayanja ................................... 75
Chapter Five
Statehood, Small Arms and Security Governance in Southwest
Ethiopia: The Need for an African-Centred Perspective By Mercy
Fekadu Mulugeta ....................................................................................... 103
Chapter Six
Understanding Peaceful Coexistence from an Urban Refugee
Perspective in Africa: The Case of Uganda By Brenda Aleesi ............ 135
Chapter Seven
Civil Society in Conflict Transformation: Key Evidence from Kenya’s
Post-election Violence By Caleb Wafula ................................................. 161
Chapter Eight
Boko Haram Insurgency and Sustainable Peace in Nigeria and the Lake
Chad Region: AU-MNJTF’s Intervention By Naeke Sixtus Mougombe ..
....................................................................................................................... 193
Chapter Nine
Conclusions By Mesfin Gebremichael .................................................... 219
Annex: Replace with AfSol First Workshop Report ............................. 227
Preface
This publication is a product of the African-Centred Solutions in peace and
security (AfSol) workshop held 6 – 7 March 2015, and the preceding ones
in 2013 and 2011. This is the first effort on the continent to establish the
scholarship around how Africa can develop systemic and synthesized models
for addressing peace and security issues and challenges. This book sets a
theoretical foundation for exploring and investigating the AfSol concept. It also
offers examples and applications of AfSol practices aimed at addressing peace
and security challenges using peaceful, coordinated and integrated processes of
peace operations and peacebuilding.
The workshops and the initial stage of the publication of this book were funded
by GIZ. The preparation of the 2015 workshop, the rigorous review process,
selection and printing were made possible by the efforts and robust commitment
of the leadership of the Institute for Peace and Security Studies (IPSS) and its
Research and Policy dialogue team. The support of other departments in the
Institute, especially, the IPSS management, communications and finance and
operations, was crucial to the success of this publication process.
We at IPSS hope that this book will set a foundation for developing a significant
body of scholarship and knowledge on the topic. This book already set the
stage for establishing two sister mechanisms for a continuous investigation
and synthesis of AfSol as a scholarly and practical process of peacebuilding
in Africa: The AfSol Journal and the AfSol Network. Together, we hope that
these mechanisms will entice scholars and practitioners of peace and security
in Africa to pursue the notion of AfSol with the deserved rigour and vigour.
Amr Abdalla
Senior Advisor on Policy Analysis and Research
Institute for Peace and Security Studies
List of Abbreviations
AAU – Addis Ababa University
AfSol: African-Centred Solution to African Peace and Security Problems
AGA – African Governance Architecture
AMIS: African Union Mission in Sudan
AMISOM: African Union Mission in Somalia
APSA: African Peace and Security Architecture
ASF: African Standby Force
ASI – African Solidarity Initiative
ATM- African Traditional Mechanisms
AU: African Union
AU-MNJTF: African Union-Multinational Joint Task Force
BPFA: Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action
CBOs: Community-Based Organization
CCP: Concerned Citizens for Peace
CEDAW: Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination
against Women
CMD: Centre for Multi-Party Democracy
CPA: Comprehensive Peace Agreement
CSA: Central Statics Agency
CSOs: Civil Society Organizations
DIY: Do-It-Yourself
DRC: Democratic Republic of Congo
ECA: Economic Communities of Africa
ECCAS: Economic Community of Central African States
ECOMOG: The Economic Community of West African States Monitoring
Group
ECOWAS: Economic Community of West Africa
EES: Eastern Equatoria State
EPSA: ECOWAS Peace and Security Architecture
ESF: ECOWAS Standby Force
EU: European Union
FATF: Financial Action Task Force
FBO: Faith-based Organizations
FCFA: Focus Group Discussions
HCFA: Humanitarian Ceasefire Agreement
HIV/AIDS: Human Immune Virus/Acquired Immune Disease
Syndrome
ICC: International Criminal Court
IDPs: Internally Displaced Persons
IFI : International Financial Institutions
IGAD: Intergovernmental Authority on Development
IGASOM: IGAD Peace Support Mission to Somalia
IMF: International Monetary Fund
IPSS: Institute for Peace and Security Studies
JEM: Justice and Equality Movement
KANU: Kenya African National Union
KNHR: Kenya Human Rights
KPTJ: Kenyans for Peace, Truth and Justice
MISAHEL: AU mission to Mali
MITF: Mali Integrated Task Force
NARC: National Rainbow Coalition
NGOs: Non-Governmental Organizations
OAU: Organization of African Unity
ODM: Orange Democratic Movement
PADEAP: Pan African Development Education and Advocacy Programme
PNU: Party of National Unity
PoC: Protection of Civilians
PSC: Peace and Security Council
PSOs: Peace Support Operations
RECs: Regional Economic Communities
RLP : Refugee Law Project
SADC – Southern Africa Development Cooperation
SLM/A: Sudan Liberation Movement/Army
SNNPR: Southern Nation, Nationalities and Peoples Region
SPLA: Sudan People’s Liberation Army
SRS: Self-Reliance Strategy
TCCs: Troop-Contributing Countries
TRC: Truth and Reconciliation Commission
UK: United Kingdom
UN: United Nations
UNESCO: United Nations Education, Social and Cultural Organization
UNHCR: United Nations High Commission for Refugees
UNITAF: United Task Force
UNPOS: UN Political Office for Somalia
UNSC: United Nations Security Council
UNSCR: United Nations Security Council Resolution
UNSOM: UN Operation in Somalia
YARID : Young African Refugees for Integral Development