Building Information Modelling (BIM)

235 Pages·2015·6.91 MB·English

Building Information Modelling (BIM) Based Energy Analysis
And response to low carbon construction innovations
Author: Phelim Martin
S00105413
MSc. in Energy Management
Institute of Technology Sligo
Research Supervisor: Mr. Peter Scanlon
“A thesis submitted in part fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Master
of Science in Energy Management”
Abstract
Building Information Modeling (BIM) is the process of generating and managing
building data during its life cycle, it uses three-dimensional, real-time, dynamic building
modeling software to increase productivity in building design and construction. The
information is stored within a data-rich virtual 3D model, which can continue to be used
throughout a building’s life cycle.
With the rising cost of energy and growing environmental concerns, the demand for
sustainable building facilities with minimal environmental impact is ever increasing.
The most important decisions regarding a building's sustainable features are made
during the conceptual design and preconstruction stages.
In this exploratory research proposes a comparative case study analysis of a National
Primary School “Sonna National School” based on Building Information Modeling
(BIM) and with the integration of Autodesk Green Building Studio to investigate the
influence on energy consumption, lifecycle energy cost and carbon emission, to
demonstrate the use of BIM for sustainable design at conceptual stage and compare the
findings to a preliminary non domestic building energy rating (NBER) using the iSBEM
(non domestic energy assessment procedure-NEAP), under the Energy Performance of
Buildings Directive (EPBD) to establish the benefits of incorporating BIM into the use
of energy analysis.
Phelim Martin
2013
Phelim Martin Page ii
Dissertation Declaration
I hereby certify that this dissertation that I now submit for assessment for the award of
MSc in Energy Management is entirely my own work and has not been submitted for
any academic purpose other than in partial fulfilment of that stated above.
Phelim Martin.
Signed:
9fk
'2C7LS>
Dated:
Phelim Martin Page iii
Acknowledgements
I wish to thank my supervisor Mr. Peter Scanlon who advised and guided me in the
preparation of this dissertation and Tom O’Callaghan as the second reader. Also, I
would like to express my gratitude to all my colleagues for their support, cooperation
and fruitful discussions on diverse research topics. I would like to thank my family for
their support, advice and for proof reading until the last minute. Finally, I would like to
state my appreciation to all others who supported me during my work.
Phelim Martin Page iv
Table of Contents
Contents
Abstract ii
Dissertation Declaration............................................................. in
Acknowledgements ............................................................. iv
List of Figures ix
List of Tables xii
List of Diagrams xiii
List of Acronyms .............................................................. xiv
Chapter 1 Introduction
1.0 Introduction Page 2
1.1 Aims Page 3
1.2 Problem Statement .................................................................. Page 3
1.3 Research Hypothesis .................................................................. Page 5
1.4 Rational for Research.................................................................. Page 5
1.5 Structure of dissertation ..................................................... Page 5
Chapter 1 - Introduction ................................................... Page 5
Chapter 2 - Literature Review ..................................... Page 6
Chapter 3 - Research Methodology ..................................... Page 6
Chapter 4 - Case Study ................................................... Page 7
Chapter 5 - Data Analysis ................................................... Page 7
Chapter 6 - Conclusions and Recommendations .......... Page 7
Chapter 2 Literature Review
2.0 What is BIM? Page 8
2.1 Origins of BIM .................................................................. Page 11
2.2 Sustainable Design .................................................................. Page 12
2.2.1 Concept of Green Buildings ..................................................... Page 13
2.2.1.1 Green BIM Page 16
2.2.2 Sustainable Design Analysis and
Building Information Modelling ...................................... Page 22
2.2.3 Applications of BIM and other facets of
technology used for sustainable design ........................ Page 23
2.2.4 Methodology for Sustainable Solutions ......................... Page 24
2.3 The Intersection of BIM and Sustainable Design ........... Page 25
2.4 History of LEED, its origin .................................................... Page 29
2.4.1 The Process of LEED .................................................... Page 30
2.4.2 LEED Application Page 31
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2.4.3 Application of BIM processes for six of the seven
possible LEED categories Page 33
2.5 Selection of Modeling Tool(s) Page 39
2.6 Construction Industry and Moving
towards Sustainable Development Page 42
2.7 Whole Building Energy, Water and Carbon Analysis Page 43
2.7.1 Aspects that affects Building Energy Performance Page 48
2.7.2 Energy Standards / Policy ................................................ Page 48
2.7.2.1NEEAP Page 49
2.7.2.2 EPBD Page 51
2.7.2.3 Beyond 2020 Page 52
2.7.2.4 ISO 50001:2011 Page 53
2.7.2.5 DART Page 56
2.7.2.6 BMS Page 58
2.7.2.7 DEC Page 58
2.7.2.8 Green Schools Energy Flag Page 59
2.7.2.9 Energy Management Page 60
2.7.2.9.1 Additional Energy Saving Evaluation Page 61
2.8 Building Materials Page 63
2.8.1 Heat Gains Page 65
2.8.2 Heat Losses Page 66
2.8.3 Heating System Efficiencies Page 66
2.8.7 Ventilation and Air Conditioning Systems ..................... Page 67
2.9 Post Occupancy Evaluation ................................................ Page 67
2.9.1 Analysing a Design in the Context of BIM ..................... Page 68
2.9.2 BIM and the Autodesk Green Building Studio ....... Page 73
2.9.3 Green Building Studio Energy Analysis and
incorporation with Building Modelling Page 74
2.10 Building Information Modelling (BIM) Network
UK Government mandate Page 75
2.11 BIM Maturity Levels Page 76
2.11.1 Level Definitions Page 77
2.12 BIM UK Government Construction Client Group
Building Information Modelling (BIM) Working
Party Strategy Paper and HM Government
“Low Carbon Construction” Page 80
2.12.1 WhatisCOBie? Page 81
2.13 BIM Legislation/Protocol Page 81
2.14 BIM benefits for facility management .................... Page 83
2.14.1 BIM for owners and facility managers .................... Page 84
2.14.2 Preventive Maintenance ............................................... Page 84
2.14.3 Benefits of BIM for Facility Management .................... Page 85
2.15 The Situation Today with the AEC industry .................... Page 86
2.15.1 The Irish Construction Industry in 2012 Page 86
2.16 The External Environment ............................................... Page 89
2.16.1 Kyoto & Ireland Page 90
2.16.2 Irish Government Commitment .................................. Page 92
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Chapter 3 Research Methodology
3.0 Introduction Page 93
3.1 Fundamental objectives of the research Page 95
3.2 Proposal Methodology and Data Collection Page 96
3.3 Green Building Studio Assessment Procedure Page 97
3.3.1 Energy Analysis using Conceptual Masses
Details Workflow .............................................................. Page 98
3.3.2 History of Autodesk Green Building Studio Page 100
3.3.3 Carbon neutral Building according to GBS Page 101
3.4 iSBEM (NEAP) Assessment Procedure Page 101
Chapter 4 Case Study
4.0 Introduction Page 102
4.1 Site Description ............................................................... Page 103
4.2 Test Case - iSBEM Analysis................................................. Page 105
4.3 Test Case - Green Building Studio Analysis...................... Page 108
4.4 Limitations Page 109
Chapter 5 Data Analysis and Discussion
5.0 Introduction Page 110
5.1 iSBEM - NEAP Data Analysis Page 111
5.2 Green Building Studio Data Analysis ..................... Page 113
5.2.1 Green Building Studio - Original Design Data ....... Page 113
5.2.2 Green Building Studio - Design Option 2 Data ....... Page 115
5.2.3 Green Building Studio - Design Option 3 Data ....... Page 116
5.3 Green Building Studio Analytical Comparison ....... Page 118
5.4 Discussion Page 119
Chapter 6 Conclusions and Recommendations
6.0 Introduction Page 120
6.1 Key Findings Page 121
6.2 The Emerging Challenges .................................................. Page 123
6.3 Recommendations ............................................................... Page 125
6.3.1 Main Objectives of Sustainable Energy Programme Page 128
6.3.2 Cost Saving Opportunities .................................................. Page 129
6.4 Possible Further Research .................................................. Page 130
6.5 The Future of BIM in Ireland .................................... Page 132
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Principle References
Page 135
Bibliography Page 142
Appendices
Appendix “A”
1.0 Case Study - Site Location Map Page 146
1.1 Case Study - Site Layout Map Page 147
1.2 Case Study - Floor Plan & Elevations Page 148
1.3 Case Study-Roof Plan & Sections Page 149
Appendix “B”
2.0 Case Study - Provisional Non-domestic BER rating Page 150
2.1 SBEM Main Calculations Output Document....................... Page 151
2.2 Supplementary Report Page 152
2.3 Data Reflection Report - Actual Building ...................... Page 157
Appendix “C”
3.0 Case Study - Green Building Studio Data ...................... Page 183
3.1 Conceptual Mass - Original Design Page 183
3.2 Conceptual Mass - Design Option 2 Page 193
3.3 Conceptual Mass - Design Option 3 Page 202
3.4 Case Study - GBS Data Outputs Page 11
Appendix “D”
4.0 Daylight - Skyscanner Page 213
Appendix “E”
5.0 Energy Management Diagnostic Questionnaire ..................... Page 215
Appendix “F”
6.0 Good House Keeping Page 217
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List of Figures
Figure 1: European Commission INNOVA Conference BIM:
Information Exchange, 2008; illustrates smoother
flow of common knowledge i.e.: collaboration process Page 10
Figure 2: Phases of a BIM project (Dispenza, 2010)
Lifecycle of BIM Page 12
Figure 3: BIM Shift, Courtesy of Construction Users
Roundtable (Ruben, et al 2009) Page 27
Figure 4: Four Certification Levels (LEED 2009) Page 31
Figure 5: BIM software simulating natural ventilation
air flows (LEED 2009) Page 37
Figure 6: BIM software simulating sun-path diagrams
(Autodesk 2011) Page 39
Figure 7: The Autodesk Green Building Studio
“whole-building energy, water, and carbon emission
analyses of a Revit-based building design ” Page 43
Figure 8: The link between the Revit platform and
the Autodesk Green Building Studio facilities plug-ins ...................... Page 44
Figure 9: Architects and other users can explore design
alternatives by updating the settings used by the Autodesk
Green Building Studio Page 46
Figure 10: Early stage Autodesk Revit Architecture models
can be analysed with: “AutodeskEcotect Analysis” .................................... Page 47
Figure 11: Energy used in Primary Schools
kWhr/m2/year Page 56
Figure 12: Revit Architecture models can analysis composite
wall make-up for compliance Page 63
Figure 13: Revit Architecture models can analysis composite
wall make-up for compliance - blown up Page 64
B B S
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Figure 14: Autodesk Ecotect Analysis “amount and
quality of views to the outside mapped over the floor
area of an office ” Page 69
Figure 15: Using Autodesk Ecotect Analysis, “surface-mapped
results of this solar radiation analysis ” Page 70
Figure 16: Autodesk Ecotect Analysis “visual impact of a building
within an urban site ” Page 71
Figure 17: Bentley, screen shot of the modelling environment
“ProjectWise” (Bentley 2010) Page 72
Figure 18: New-Richards UK Government BIM
Working Party Strategy Paper, BIM Maturity levels, 2011 Page 77
Figure 19: BIM Model Example; Source: CITA BIM Group
- BIM Presentation to GCCC (2012) Page 78
Figure 20: Benefits of BIM “MacLeamy Curve ”
(Patrick MacLeamy CEO,Hellmuth-Obata-Kassebaum) Page 78
Figure 21: BIM, BAM, BOOM (Patrick MacLeamy CEO, HOK) ....... Page 79
Figure 22: BIM Government Construction Client Group,
Low Carbon Construction, Government Construction Strategy ........ Page 80
Figure 23: PAS 1192-2-2013 BIM Overlay to the RIBA
Outline Plan of Work Page 82
Figure 24: Ireland’s Greenhouse gas emissions by sector for 2009 ...... Page 91
Figure 25: Projected sectoral share of non-ETS ghg emissions in
2020 for the With Additional Measures scenario Page 91
Figure 26: A Framework for Design - The interconnection of
Worldviews, Strategies of Inquiry, and Research Methods
illustration based on Creswell, (2009) p.5. Page 94
Figure 27: Whole Building Conceptual Energy Analysis Workflow Page 100
Figure 28: Photograph of the site location of where the proposed
school shall be constructed. Page 103
Figure 29: Photograph of the existing adjoining school on site................. Page 104
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