Building Information Modeling: Automated Code Checking and Compliance Processes

177 Pages·2018·26.749 MB·English

by  Nawari O Nawari

Building Information
Modeling
Automated Code Checking and
Compliance Processes

Building Information
Modeling
Automated Code Checking and
Compliance Processes
Nawari O. Nawari, Ph.D., P.E., F.ASCE
University of Florida, Gainesville
CRC Press
Taylor & Francis Group
6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300
Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742
© 2018 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business
No claim to original U.S. Government works
Printed on acid-free paper
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4987-8533-4 (Hardback)
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-351-20099-8 (eBook)
This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts have
been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility
for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers have attempted to
trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if
permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged
please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint.
Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmit-
ted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented,
including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, with-
out written permission from the publishers.
For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.copyright.com
(http://www.copyright.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive,
Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. CCC is a not-for-profit organization that provides licenses and registration
for a variety of users. For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC, a separate
system of payment has been arranged.
Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used
only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.
Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
and the CRC Press Web site at
http://www.crcpress.com
Dedication
I dedicate this to my parents; O. Nawari: an engineer and
architect, 1908–1976, and S. Orabi: 1918–2010.

Contents
Preface.......................................................................................................................ix
Author .......................................................................................................................xi
Chapter 1 Introduction ..........................................................................................1
General .................................................................................................1
Overview of Automated Rule-Checking Systems ...............................3
Domain Knowledge Representations ...................................................7
Building Model Representation..........................................................10
Automated Code-Checking Systems .................................................11
References ..........................................................................................14
Chapter 2 Domain Knowledge Representations .................................................19
Background ........................................................................................19
Human Languages ..............................................................................21
Artificial Intelligence Methods ..........................................................27
Markup Language Methods ...............................................................30
Formal Languages ..............................................................................36
Semantic Web Approach ....................................................................37
Proposed Methods ..............................................................................41
References ..........................................................................................45
Chapter 3 Building Information Modeling and Code Checking ........................49
Introduction ........................................................................................49
Relationship between BIM and Automated Code Checking .............51
Building Model Content .....................................................................52
IFC Data Model ..................................................................................55
From IDM and MVD to IFC ..............................................................60
Level of Development.........................................................................63
Basics of LOD ...............................................................................64
Defining LOD for Code Compliance Checking ............................65
Summary ............................................................................................66
Express Language ..............................................................................66
IfcXML Data Model ...........................................................................67
Mapping Express into IfcXML ..........................................................68
BIMXML Schema ..............................................................................70
Building Environment Rule and Analysis Language .........................73
Overview .......................................................................................73
Main Components of BERA .........................................................75
BIMQL ...............................................................................................83
References ..........................................................................................87
vii
viii Contents
Chapter 4 Automated Rule-Based Checking Systems ........................................89
Introduction ........................................................................................89
CORENET System .............................................................................89
Solibri Model Checker .......................................................................93
Jotne Edmmodelchecker ....................................................................98
Norwegian Statsbygg’s Design Rule–Checking Efforts ....................98
Region-Specific Building Regulations Compliance–Checking
Systems ...............................................................................................99
International Code Council ...........................................................99
US General Services Administration Design Rule Checking .....101
Korean Research Efforts .............................................................104
Australia’s DesignCheck .............................................................106
Portugal’s LicA System ...............................................................109
Artificial Intelligence Approaches ...................................................112
Background ..................................................................................112
Natural Language Processing ......................................................113
Artificial Intelligence for Building Regulations Compliance
Checking ......................................................................................116
References ........................................................................................122
Chapter 5 Practical Approaches ........................................................................125
Introduction ......................................................................................125
Framework ........................................................................................125
Information Delivery Manual ..........................................................130
Model View Definition .....................................................................138
IfcXML.............................................................................................141
Framework ........................................................................................144
Example ............................................................................................147
List of Abbreviations ........................................................................156
References ........................................................................................159
Index ......................................................................................................................161
Preface
The advancement of technology has uninterruptedly engaged the design profession
over the past several centuries. Recently, the construction industry has started to
engage information technologies more effectively to incorporate its design, con-
struction, and operational processes. However, there are still manual processes, the
duplication of business functions, and the sustained dependence on paper-based
information management to record and exchange data among project participants,
as well as the reviewing and verification of compliance with regulations. This book
aims at the concept of automation in the building design process by utilizing build-
ing information modeling (BIM) to assist in computerizing and streamlining the
communication and compliance verification of building design data against codes
and regulations. Specifically, it represents the confluence of multilayered concepts
and frameworks ranging from logic theories and cybernetics to BIM.
The book covers current and emerging trends in automating the processes of
examining-construction documents against building codes and standards of practice.
The role of BIM technologies in these methods and how this new technology is sig-
nificantly transforming twenty-first-century practice activities in architecture, engi-
neering, and construction (AEC) domains are thoroughly analyzed. The book also
introduces the fundamentals of computerizing the process of verifying the compli-
ances of building design documents against regulations and standards. These include
domain knowledge representations, building model representations, and automated
code-checking systems. An underlying goal for the material covered is to present
the use of BIM technology as part of the computerized auditing process that can
lead to a more comprehensive, intelligent, and integrated building design—a design
where an optimized solution can be achieved in harmony with the current codes and
standards of practice.
A new practical approach and a framework formulation for automating the code
compliance–checking process is proposed and presented in this book. It provides
a method to automatically or semiautomatically validate design documents against
a specific building code or regulations based on data-driven design technologies.
The framework enables synthesized streams of building codes and regulations data
into a computable model that can interact with the building information model to
yield results that are informative in a broad sense about compliances and co-gen-
erative in the design process. The suggested approach would read an object-based
building model and audit the model against a selected set of object-based standard
constraints. For building regulation clauses requiring subjective and qualitative per-
formance, different methods need to be considered. On the one hand, the qualitative
part of the building code requires feature extraction techniques of specific objective
data objective concepts to enable full encoding. This includes the transformation of
conditional and dependent building regulations into a set of rules using an object-
based model. On the other hand, for the subjective and incomplete information in the
building regulations, the framework proposes the feature extraction of all ambigu-
ous information and uncertain data, and then employs partial encoding using fuzzy
ix