Building an Effective IoT Ecosystem for Your Business

286 Pages·2017·6.499 MB·English

by  Sudhi R. Sinha, Youngchoon Park (auth.)

Sudhi R. Sinha
Youngchoon Park
Building an
Eff ective IoT
Ecosystem for Your
Business
Building an Effective IoT Ecosystem
for Your Business
Sudhi R. Sinha • Youngchoon Park
Building an Effective IoT
Ecosystem for Your Business
Foreword by Scott Guthrie
Sudhi R. Sinha Youngchoon Park
Johnson Controls International Johnson Controls International
Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
ISBN 978-3-319-57390-8 ISBN 978-3-319-57391-5 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-57391-5
Library of Congress Control Number: 2017942806
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To my lovely better half Ms. Sohini
Sengupta—the pillar behind all my
adventures and successes. Without your
support, encouragement, and patience,
none of this would have taken shape.
– Sudhi
To my dear wife Ms. Jungeun Kim
and my children Hannah Park and Eugene
Park—you are the force behind my success.
– Dr. Youngchoon Park
Foreword
https://news.microsoft.com/exec/scott-guthrie/#bjRibuwYG4LSbv41.97
The Internet of Things (IoT) represents an opportunity to drive a step-change
improvement in what continues to be the core mission of every company: deliver
great products and delight customers. IoT enables continuous learning from your
customers (and how they use your products) that eventually will give companies
sustainable advantage. At the heart of this process lies the creation of a Digital
Feedback Loop, which is only possible if signals from customers, employees, and
operations are digital. As such, every enterprise must embark on Digital
Transformation to succeed in this new paradigm. IoT is emerging as the foundation
for the digital feedback loop due to the confluence of the continuation of Moore’s
law to provide affordable and progressively advancing compute technology and step
changes in communication technology.

Sudhi Sinha and Dr. Youngchoon Park are close partners to Microsoft in their
official capacity at Johnson Controls and have been working on enabling the digital
feedback loop as a key element of the digital transformation for Johnson Controls
with advanced projects such as connected chillers and others. Their book is written
by practitioners that have embarked on this critical journey for an established and
highly valued company. The lessons learned and their experiences will help you on
your journey to drive digital transformation to deliver great products and delight
your customers.
Microsoft Cloud and Enterprise Group Scott Guthrie
vii
Acknowledgments
We feel incredibly lucky to have worked on this project, our labor of love. This is a
milestone in our quest for learning about and furthering the space of IoT, which we
think will fundamentally transform the way we live and interact in this world. There
are many people who have helped us in this journey, and without their contribution,
none of this would have come to life.
We would first like to thank Mr. Bill Jackson, President of Global Products in
Johnson Controls, who encouraged us, challenged us, and supported us for this
project. You make everybody who comes in your contact a better person and profes-
sional. We would also like to thank Uli Homman, Distinguished Architect at
Microsoft, for being a major supporter for us. We thank Karl Reichenberger,
Director of IP and Legal for Johnson Controls, who painfully went through the
material to ensure that we have the right IP protection and confidentiality for
Johnson Controls; Karl was also a key input provider to our work; he is not only a
brilliant lawyer but an excellent engineer as well. We thank our colleagues in the
academia Prof. AnHai Doan of UW-Madison, Prof. Subbarao Kambhampati and
Prof. Selcuk Candan of Arizona State University, Prof. Jignesh Patel of UW-Madison,
Prof. Mario Berges of Carnegie Mellon University, and Prof. Alexis Abramson of
CWRU for the discussions that helped shape many of our thoughts. We express our
gratitude to Ms. Susan Lagerstrom-Fife of Springer and her associate Ms. Sasikumar
Sharmila from SPi Global for giving us valuable inputs and keeping us on track.
Last but not least, we thank our publisher.
ix
Contents
1 Building an IoT Ecosystem Framework .............................................. 1
1.1 IoT Ecosystem Development Framework ....................................... 2
1.1.1 S mart Connected Things ..................................................... 2
1.1.2 A ggregate and Enrich: Gateway .......................................... 4
1.1.3 Network Services ................................................................ 5
1.1.4 Device Management ............................................................ 7
1.1.5 D ata Routing and Real-Time Analysis ................................ 8
1.1.6 I oT Data Platform ............................................................... 10
1.1.7 D ata Service Platform ......................................................... 11
1.1.8 Analytics ............................................................................. 13
1.1.9 Security, Identity, and Privacy Management ....................... 15
1.1.10 Delivery ............................................................................... 17
1.1.11 B usiness Support ................................................................. 18
1.2 IoT Partnering Strategy ................................................................... 18
1.3 Summary ......................................................................................... 19
References ................................................................................................ 19
2 M aking Devices Smart ........................................................................... 21
2.1 D efining a Smart Device ................................................................. 22
2.2 C ommon Hardware Components .................................................... 22
2.2.1 Processing Units .................................................................. 22
2.2.2 Storage ................................................................................. 24
2.2.3 P owering Smart Devices ..................................................... 25
2.2.4 S ensors ................................................................................ 25
2.2.5 O utputs ................................................................................ 26
2.3 E dge Computing.............................................................................. 27
2.3.1 Frameworks for Edge Computing ....................................... 27
2.4 Making Device Secure .................................................................... 27
2.4.1 S ecure Boot ......................................................................... 28
2.4.2 S ecure Software Download ................................................. 29
2.4.3 S ecure Software Update ...................................................... 29
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xii Contents
2.5 Different Communication Techniques for Devices ......................... 30
2.6 Building Communication Capabilities in Devices .......................... 32
2.6.1 M aking Devices Network with Other Devices .................... 33
2.7 S ummary ......................................................................................... 34
References ................................................................................................ 35
3 C reating Smart Gateway ....................................................................... 37
3.1 H ardware Components of a Gateway .............................................. 38
3.2 S oftware Components of a Gateway ............................................... 39
3.2.1 Core Software Services of a Gateway ................................. 40
3.3 Types of Gateways and Deployment Topologies ............................ 42
3.3.1 S oftware Update of the Gateway ......................................... 43
3.3.2 R egistration of a Gateway to Cloud Service ....................... 44
3.4 Summary ......................................................................................... 46
References ................................................................................................ 46
4 Building Network Services .................................................................... 49
4.1 Popular Communication Protocols ................................................. 50
4.2 Infrastructure Layer Protocols......................................................... 50
4.2.1 IEEE 802.15.4 ..................................................................... 50
4.2.2 6LoWPAN ........................................................................... 51
4.3 Application Layer Protocols for IoT ............................................... 53
4.3.1 P ublish and Subscribe Pattern ............................................. 53
4.3.2 M QTT ................................................................................. 54
4.3.3 A MQP (Advanced Message Queuing Protocol) ................. 55
4.3.4 CoAP ................................................................................... 56
4.4 Choosing the Optimal Communication Protocols
for Your IoT Devices and Ecosystem .............................................. 57
4.5 Interoperability Among Multiple Protocols .................................... 58
4.6 Handling Multi-Carrier Situation .................................................... 58
4.7 Monitoring and Optimizing Network Performance ........................ 59
4.8 S ummary ......................................................................................... 60
References ................................................................................................ 60
5 M anaging Devices .................................................................................. 63
5.1 P rovisioning and Authentication ..................................................... 63
5.2 R egistration ..................................................................................... 64
5.2.1 Device Manifesto ................................................................ 65
5.2.2 G ateway Registration .......................................................... 65
5.2.3 C laiming Device .................................................................. 66
5.3 C onfiguration Management ............................................................. 68
5.4 R eal-Time Monitoring and Management ........................................ 70
5.5 D eveloper Support ........................................................................... 71
5.6 S ummary ......................................................................................... 71
References ................................................................................................ 72
Contents xiii
6 Performing Data Routing and Real-Time Analysis ............................ 75
6.1 Data Acquisition Strategy for Connected Products ......................... 76
6.2 Introduction to Stream Processing with IoT Relevant Use Cases ... 77
6.3 System Design Pattern for Stream Processing ................................ 80
6.3.1 Lambda vs. Kappa Architecture .......................................... 80
6.3.2 Stream Processing Systems ................................................. 81
6.3.3 Stream Processing Framework ............................................ 83
6.4 Rule-Based Complex Event Processing .......................................... 86
6.4.1 C ommon Techniques for Identifying Meaningful Events ... 88
6.5 Summary ......................................................................................... 92
References ................................................................................................ 93
7 Constructing Data Service Platform .................................................... 95
7.1 Differences in Data Platform Between Traditional Enterprise
Application Systems and IoT Ecosystems ...................................... 97
7.1.1 Enterprise Data Warehouse ................................................. 98
7.1.2 D ata Lake ............................................................................ 98
7.2 Introducing IoT Data Management and Processing
Technologies ................................................................................... 101
7.2.1 S torage Layer ...................................................................... 101
7.2.2 Information Management Layer.......................................... 103
7.2.3 Data Access and System Management Layer ..................... 103
7.2.4 Data Acquisition: Transformation, Ingress
& Egress Tools and Services ............................................... 104
7.3 Storage and Indexing ....................................................................... 109
7.3.1 Example: Data Models for an IoT-Enabled Field
Service Applications ............................................................ 111
7.4 U nified IoT Data Management and Processing .............................. 112
7.4.1 Real-Time vs. Batch Processing .......................................... 113
7.4.2 B atch Processing Framework .............................................. 114
7.4.3 R eal-Time Processing Frameworks ..................................... 114
7.5 D ata Services ................................................................................... 115
7.5.1 Importance of Master Data Service ..................................... 116
7.5.2 Managing Time Series and Common Operations ............... 117
7.5.3 M odeling and Managing Metadata ..................................... 119
7.6 Monitoring and Managing Data Platform ....................................... 120
7.7 Summary ......................................................................................... 120
References ................................................................................................ 120
8 Performing Analytics ............................................................................. 123
8.1 Different Types of Data and Analytic Approaches ......................... 124
8.1.1 Qualitative vs. Quantitative ................................................. 124
8.1.2 D escriptive vs. Predictive vs. Prescriptive .......................... 124
8.2 Example of Predictive Maintenance in Service Industry ................ 126
8.2.1 D ata Gathering and Feature Engineering ............................ 127
8.2.2 Develop a Failure Prediction Model ................................... 129