Building a Therapeutic Alliance With the Suicidal Patient 12214-00_FM-rev2.qxd 9/10/10 1:02 PM Page ii Building a Therapeutic Alliance With the Suicidal Patient Edited by Konrad Michel and David A. Jobes American Psychological Association • Washington, DC 12214-00_FM-rev2.qxd 9/10/10 1:02 PM Page iv Copyright © 2011 by the American Psychological Association. All rights reserved. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, including, but not limited to, the process of scanning and digitization, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Published by To order American Psychological Association APA Order Department 750 First Street, NE P.O. Box 92984 Washington, DC 20002 Washington, DC 20090-2984 www.apa.org Tel: (800) 374-2721; Direct: (202) 336-5510 Fax: (202) 336-5502; TDD/TTY: (202) 336-6123 Online: www.apa.org/pubs/books E-mail: [email protected] In the U.K., Europe, Africa, and the Middle East, copies may be ordered from American Psychological Association 3 Henrietta Street Covent Garden, London WC2E 8LU England Typeset in Goudy by Circle Graphics, Inc., Columbia, MD Printer: Maple-Vail Book Manufacturing, York, PA Cover Designer: Mercury Publishing Services, Rockville, MD The opinions and statements published are the responsibility of the authors, and such opinions and statements do not necessarily represent the policies of the American Psychological Association. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Building a therapeutic alliance with the suicidal patient / edited by Konrad Michel and David A. Jobes. — 1st ed. p. ; cm. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN-13: 978-1-4338-0907-1 ISBN-10: 1-4338-0907-9 1. Suicidal behavior—Treatment. 2. Therapeutic alliance. 3. Mental health personnel and patient. I. Michel, Konrad. II. Jobes, David A. III. American Psychological Association. [DNLM: 1. Suicide—prevention & control. 2. Crisis Intervention. 3. Professional-Patient Relations. WM 165 B932 2011] RC569.B85 2011 616.85'8445—dc22 2010018422 British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A CIP record is available from the British Library. Printed in the United States of America First Edition 12214-00_FM-rev2.qxd 9/10/10 1:02 PM Page v CONTENTS Contributors................................................................................................ ix Foreword...................................................................................................... xi Marsha M. Linehan Introduction................................................................................................. 3 Konrad Michel I. The Therapeutic Alliance: Basic Considerations .............................. 11 Chapter 1. General Aspects of Therapeutic Alliance ..................... 13 Konrad Michel Chapter 2. Empathy and the Historical Context, or How We Learned to Listen to Patients...................... 29 John T. Maltsberger v 12214-00_FM-rev2.qxd 9/10/10 1:02 PM Page vi II. The Therapeutic Alliance and the Suicidal Patient ......................... 49 Chapter 3. The Therapist and the Suicidal Patient......................... 51 David A. Jobes and Elizabeth Ballard Chapter 4. The Narrative Interview With the Suicidal Patient...... 63 Konrad Michel and Ladislav Valach Chapter 5. Mentalizing Suicidal States............................................ 81 Jon G. Allen Chapter 6. Psychodynamic Therapy and the Therapeutic Alliance: Validation, Empathy, and Genuine Relatedness........... 93 Mark A. Schechter and Mark J. Goldblatt III. Patient-Oriented Concepts of Suicidality ..................................... 109 Chapter 7. Taking an Inside View: Stories of Pain........................ 111 Israel Orbach Chapter 8. Understanding Suicide as an Action........................... 129 Ladislav Valach, Richard A. Young, and Konrad Michel Chapter 9. Attachment Theory and the Suicidal Patient............. 149 Jeremy Holmes Chapter 10. A Cognitive Theory of Suicide: Building Hope in Treatment and Strengthening the Therapeutic Relationship...................................... 169 M. David Rudd and Gregory K. Brown Chapter 11. Neurobiology and Patient-Oriented Models of Suicide—A Contradiction?..................................... 183 Konrad Michel IV. The Therapeutic Alliance in Specific Therapies for Suicidal Patients ....................................................................... 203 Chapter 12. Suicidal Patients, the Therapeutic Alliance, and the Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidality................................... 205 David A. Jobes vi CONTENTS 12214-00_FM-rev2.qxd 9/10/10 1:02 PM Page vii Chapter 13. Psychotherapy With Suicidal People: Some Common Implications for Response.................. 231 Antoon A. Leenaars Chapter 14. The Therapeutic Relationship in Dialectical Behavior Therapy for Suicidal Individuals.................. 255 Shireen L. Rizvi Chapter 15. Cognitive Therapy for Suicidal Patients...................... 273 Gregory K. Brown, Amy Wenzel, and M. David Rudd Chapter 16. Vicissitudes of the Therapeutic Alliance With Suicidal Patients: A Psychoanalytic Perspective......... 293 Igor Weinberg, Elsa Ronningstam, Mark J. Goldblatt, and John T. Maltsberger Chapter 17. Clinical Reality: The Case of Ms. AV......................... 317 Israel Orbach, Jeremy Holmes, John T. Maltsberger, Mark J. Goldblatt, M. David Rudd, J. Michael Bostwick, and Konrad Michel V. The Therapeutic Alliance With Suicidal Patients in Specific Treatment Settings ........................................................ 341 Chapter 18. The Therapeutic Alliance With Hospitalized Patients.......................................... 343 Timothy W. Lineberry Chapter 19. Pharmacotherapy and Therapeutic Alliance in the Treatment of Suicidality.................................... 353 J. Michael Bostwick VI. Conclusion....................................................................................... 377 Chapter 20. Summary, Next Steps, and Conclusion....................... 379 David A. Jobes Index........................................................................................................ 395 About the Editors .................................................................................... 413 CONTENTS vii 12214-00_FM-rev2.qxd 9/10/10 1:02 PM Page viii 12214-00_FM-rev2.qxd 9/10/10 1:02 PM Page ix CONTRIBUTORS Jon G. Allen, PhD,Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine; The Menninger Clinic, Houston, TX Elizabeth Ballard, MA,Department of Psychology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC J. Michael Bostwick, MD,Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN Gregory K. Brown, PhD,Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsyl- vania, Philadelphia Mark J. Goldblatt, MD, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA; Clinical Associate, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA; Center for Psychoanalytic Studies, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston Jeremy Holmes, MD,University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, United Kingdom David A. Jobes, PhD,Department of Psychology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC Antoon A. Leenaars, PhD,Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Division of Mental Health, Department of Suicide Research and Prevention, Oslo, Norway ix
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