Building a New China in Cinema: The Chinese Left-wing Cinema Movement, 1932-1937 PDF
Preview Building a New China in Cinema: The Chinese Left-wing Cinema Movement, 1932-1937
1932-1937 Laikwan Pang ROWMAN & LITTLEFIELD PUBLISHERS, INC. Lanham • Boulder· New York· Oxford ROWMAN & LITTLEFIELD PUBLISHERS, INC. Published in the United States of America by Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. An Imprint of the Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group 4720 Boston Way, Lanham, Maryland 20706 www.rowmanlittlefield.com 12 Hid's Copse Road, Cumnor Hill, Oxford OX2 911, England Copyright © 2002 by Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Information Available Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Pang, Laikwan. [DATE] Building a new China in cinema: the Chinese left-wing cinema movement, 1932-1937 / Laikwan Pang. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN: 978-0-7425-0946-7 I. Motion pictures-China. I. Title. PNI993.5. C4 P36 2002 791.43'0951'09043-dc21 2002001191 Printed in the United States of America en.c The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences-Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSIINISO Z39.48-1992. To my parents and my brother LLiisstt ooff IIlllluussttrraattiioonnss iIXx TTrraannssllaattiioonnss aanndd AAbbbbrreevviiaattiioonnss xxiiiiii AAcckknnoowwlleeddggmmeennttss xxvv IInnttrroodduuccttiioonn TThhee HHiissttoorryy 11 TThhee MMeerrggiinngg ooff HHiissttoorriieess 1199 22 TThhee LLeefftt--wwiinngg CCiinneemmaa MMoovveemmeenntt 3377 TThhee FFiillmmmmaakkeerrss aanndd tthhee FFoorrmmaattiioonn ooff aa CCoolllleeccttiivvee SSuubbjjeeccttiivviittyy 33 TThhee RRoollee ooff AAuutthhoorrsshhiipp iinn tthhee AAggee ooff NNaattiioonnaalliissmm 7733 44 MMaassccuulliinniittyy aanndd CCoolllleeccttiivviissmm:: RRoommaanncciinngg PPoolliittiiccss 9911 55 WWoommeenn''ss SSttoorriieess OOnn--ssccrreeeenn vveerrssuuss OOffff--ssccrreeeenn 111133 TThhee SSppeeccttaattoorrss aanndd tthhee FFiillmm CCuullttuurree 66 AA CCoommmmeerrcciiaall CCiinneemmaa oorr aa PPoolliittiiccaall CCiinneemmaa?? 114411 77 AA SShhaanngghhaaii CCiinneemmaa oorr aa CChhiinneessee CCiinneemmaa?? 116655 88 EEnnggaaggiinngg RReeaalliissmm 119977 EEppiilloogguuee 223311 AAppppeennddiixx II CChhiinneessee LLeefftt--wwiinngg MMoovviieess ooff tthhee 11993300ss 224411 AAppppeennddiixx I11I PPooppuullaarr CChhiinneessee MMoovviieess,, 11993322--11993377 224455 BBiibblliiooggrraapphhyy aanndd FFiillmmooggrraapphhyy 224499 vviiii vviiiiii CCoonntteennttss IInnddeexx 227733 AAbboouutt tthhee AAuutthhoorr 227799 Front and Back Covers Front A production scene from Sons and Daughters o/the Times. Back A public screening of Street Angel. The sign hung in front of the theater reads "Full House." List of Plates (appear after chapter 2) Plate I. Wild Flowers (1932). A typical melodrama of a singing girl (right) falling in love with the young master (middle). Plate 2. Spring Silkworms (1933). Silkworm workers bring their products to sell. Plate 3. Salt Tide (1933). The salt workers are dwarfed by the ships, which represent the capitalists. Plate 4. Sweetgrass Beauty (1933). Sweetgrass refers to cigarettes. A film depicting how the Chinese cigarette industry and its workers were oppressed by imperialism, as were innocent girls corrupted by the modern Western entertainment culture. The advertising board in the background is about cigarettes. Plate 5. Three Modern Women (1932). One of the three modern-woman archetypes created in this film: the infatuated fan who lived on romance alone. Plate 6. To the Northwest (1934). Mise-en-scene heavily influenced by Hollywood's musicals. Plate 7. City Nights (1933). The first film ofFei Mu, also starting a cycle ofleft wing films equating Shanghai's nighttime with women being trampled or seduced by the corrupt materialist city. Plate 8. Women's Outcry (1933). The first film ofShen Xiling, another women's liberation film depicting the traumatic experience of a country girl coming to Shanghai. Plate 9. Twenty-Four Hours in Shanghai (1933). Country people finding themselves alienated and disillusioned in Shanghai. ix
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