About the Author Dr AS Bhalla (MA Cantab; Ph.D Manchester) is a former Fellow of Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge, UK. His recent publications include th th the Royal Tombs of India: 13 to 18 Century (Mapin, 2009); and Poverty and Exclusion of Minorities in China and India (Palgrave Macmillan, 2013). 2 To Praveen, Ranjan and Arman 3 A . S. Bhal la B U D D H I S T A R T I N A S I A 4 5 Copyright © A. S. Bhalla (2014) The right of A. S. Bhalla to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with section 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publishers. Any person who commits any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. A CIP catalogue record for this title is available from the British Library. ISBN 9781784550608 www.austinmacauley.com 6 First Published (2014) Austin Macauley Publishers Ltd. 25 Canada Square Canary Wharf London E14 5LB 7 Acknowledgments The publisher and author acknowledge the following for their help and copyright clearance: Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) (New Delhi) for Figs. 33 and 34 (Chapter 6) taken from Ajanta Murals: An Album of Eighty-five Reproductions in Colour edited by A. Ghosh (New Delhi, 1987) and for Fig. 39 supplied by the ASI. Attinger SA of Neuchâtel (Switzerland) for Fig. 59 (Chapter 9) taken from Thailande: Art et religion (Neuchâtel, 1974), © Audio-Visual Department (DAV) of the Library of the City of Chaux-de-Fonds, Fernand Perret Fund. Terence Faircloth, Atelier Teee, Inc., California for Fig. 58 (Chapter 9) downloaded from the website:sacreddestinations.com. Dr John Listopad of California State University Sacramento for Fig. 49 (Chapter 8) taken from Art from Thailand edited by Robert L. Brown (Mumbai, Marg Publications, December 1999). British Museum, London, for Figs. 9, 10 and 11 (Chapter 2) and Figs. 30, 31 and 32 (Chapter 5), © Trustees of the British 8 Museum. Kolkata Museum for Fig. 29 (Chapter 5), taken by the author. Lahore Museum (Pakistan) for Fig. 6 (Chapter 2) taken by Ranjan Bhalla. Oriental Museum, Lisbon (Portugal) and the Berardo Collection for Fig.1, taken by the author. Wikipedia for Fig. 12 (Chapter 2). 9 Contents List of Figures and Tables Preface Chapter 1 Buddhism in India and Abroad Chapter 2 Buddhist Art in Asia Chapter 3 Bodhgaya: The Seat of Enlightenment Chapter 4 Sarnath: Siteof the First Sermon Chapter 5 The Stupas of Sanchi, Bharhut and Amaravati Chapter 6 The Cave Temples of Ajanta, Ellora and Karle Chapter 7 The Temples and Sculptures of Angkor Chapter 8 The Temples and Paintings of Ayutthaya Chapter 9 The Temples of Bangkok Glossary Bibliography Illustration Credits Index 10