Buddhism in Kashmir

75 Pages·1985·11.962 MB·English

by  Nalinaksha Dutt

IH)DDHISMI NK ASHMIR
8UDDHIISNIVi;K ASHM.I R
. .
Dr.N alinaDkustht a
PhD.. ( Cal..L )i t(DtL.o nd.)
withf orewobryd
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Dr.H archaSrianngS hO,b t.i
M.AL.L B..P h.D.
EasternB ook Linkers
DELHI (INDIA)
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CONTENTS
CHAPTER Page
ForewboyrD drH .a rchaSrianSngo hb ti vi-vii
Abbreviations. viii
II ntroduocfBt uidodnh ism 13-
IIB uddhiinsK ma shmir 4
IIGIe ogrcaapLlho ication 5-7
IVA sokPaast ronage 8-11
V BuddhiasnmNd ii gBae liefs 1-214
VIB uddhainsdSm i vaism 1-517
VIIT heA n-tBiuddhiSsptioirfci t 18-21
AsokSausc cessors
VIITIh eG reeaknstd h eS akas 22-23
IXT heK usanas 24
X Kansihkaan dH iSsu ccessors 25-26
XIT heC ouncil 27-29
XIIT heV ib�h-aSliastras 30
XIIDIi stingAuciiisrhyeads 313-3
XIVR evermsel!tbs yB uddhism 34-37
XVN arendradKihtiynak hainlda 38
Pratapaditya 39
XVIJ ayenadnrSdaa mdhimat
YVIMIe gvhaahana 40-14
XVILIaIl itaMdukittaypai da 42-43
XIXJ ayapida 44
XX Avantivarman 45
XXIS amkaravaanrdm atPnha ar 46
XXIYIa sakasnaKdr� ae mgau pta 47
XXIISIa rilgrarmajaaa n dH is
Successors. 48
XXIVH arsha 49
XXVJ ayasimha 50
XXVIT heS ahoifs Ka�hmir 515-3
XXVITIe stiomfot nhCyeh inPeisleg rims 54-55
XXVIAIrIc haeoSluorgvieacyn aEdl x ploration5s6 1- 6
XXIXR esume 6264
-
Index 65-68
"
FOREWORD
Dr.H archaran SSoibntgMih. AL.LB ..P h.D .
A livrienlgi igasi gorno wirnegl iganidoB nu ddhiissm
onseu crhe iloi.ngG rowitshe ffecttherdo uignht etriaoIcnn.
thesp heorfer eligaocutsi viBtuidedsh,iu snml,i okteh er
religofit ohnes wowrtilnde,sa sp ehde nomenale ffgercotwetdh
throiungthe rascptrieaodnt ov oaurtic ouuulsrt easn nda tionali­
tieTsh.ep otenotfi atBluhsdeh d a'Dsha mma,w he,enx plored
throcuognht waictltho ccaulul rtewse,r cer ytailnvi azreido us
formisd entaisCf eiyeldo nCehsien,eJ saep,a naensdBe u rmese
Buddhainsmdma nmyo reI.ti p sr eciosnte hlaiycs c otuhnlltt ,
perhaopnslB,yu ddhciasbnme t rudleyi faisWe odr ldJReligion
amontgh ree ligoifto hnweso rld.
Thbeo oikn h anidsc oncerwnietIdbn di,Baunddh is.m
TheB uddhoaw'nCs a rikaasn tdh aotft heE ldedrishd e l1p0
spreadiDnhagm mta,hl ea toencr a lBlueddd hiasmmo,qt gh e
contempiohnraabriyto afIn ntdsic ao,n tempuesrlakynn eonow
asJa mbudiTph. eW heeolft heD hammoar D hammaC akak
oncsee otn r ollaitnS iigr anatbhy, the Budhdihmas elf
ceaselessltyo m coovonent c ionnuuqeerdit nhgeh earatnsd
thmei nodfst hpee opIlned.iB aund dhiissem q uarlilcwyhi th
regivoanraila attih oonmseT,.h eW he,emlo veidn tKoa shmir,
ac radolfSe a nsBkurdidth iTshmpe.r esbeonottk h rolwisg ht
ont hhei stoofrB yu ddhiisnKm a shmdiurr itnQg.ep crd,,i o
commenfcorimn tgh e roefAi sgonku apt ot he1 t2hf,e n\ury
A.DT.h eb ooikn,s hodreta,wl istt hh' eg oaondd b ad.d'a yisn
thleei - fhistoofBr uyd dsmh.iT hem osrte marktahbiltnehg, a t
thbeo ohka tso r evfeorau ls i s" thhea rmonious existence of
BuddhainsdSm i vasiisdmbe y s idwei thaocurti mQ�nnide s
persecu(tpi6.o3 n)Ts.h. ip"sr oc0ef es ffse chtairnmgo anmyo ng
( viii )
differreelnitgs ieocuwtsas s i nitainadpt uetdi ntdoa 1y0 d ay
pracbtyin eosn oet hetrh atnh ek ingtsh emseTlhveke isn.g s
nootn leyr ected ttove emnpelrSeaisvtB aeu ddahnadV ifb�uut
alsaol lowtehdeq iure eannsmd i nisttoee xrpsr fersese ly their
adoraftoitroh nde e itoifte ehsi hre afretlc th oiAcned.a, n
interahcetrtieoo ona,,m ontgh etsher weaeis n evitTahbelsee.
gestfurroetmsh e itnofpag,co lt o,nw ga yt oe stabrleilsihg ious
tloera(nncoett o ler)a gtiivoiwnnagy t oh armonious living
amontgh e pbeeolpolnetg odi inffge ertehnntgi rco ups.
Thibso ooknh istoofBr uyd dhiissbe,ms ,i doetsht ehri ngs,
ubdoubtoefhd ilsyt,os riigcnailfia ctta hnteci emo efc riisnti hse
lioffIe n dipaeno ple.
HarchaSrianngS ho bti
LISOTF A BBREVIATIONS
ASR.=ArchaeSluorgviReceyap lo rt.
Bu-stHoins toofr y Budd(hCihsoms -�bbyyu Bfzus)- ton,
=
tralnastferdoT mi bebtyDa rnE. . O berm(i1l19l3)er.
CII. CorpIunss cripItnidoincuamVro u.lIm ,I,p ti. K :h a�rh!oi
=
Inscriepdtii.bto yeSn dtse,Kn n own (1929).
DivyiiD.i vyiivaeddiiinbtayeC do wealnlNd e i(l1 68)8.
=
IHQ.= IndiHaitnso r;iQcuaalerrytl.
JA.=JoAusrinaatl(i 19q85uL)e', i tidn'eOrKua' ior(ne7g1 57-90),
tradeutai ntn optaMerm .S yaliu'vLeveitE dC.h avannes.
Lal egeentdoce.r P rzyl=uLsakl �e gee nddel 'empeArseoukra
(Asokiivaddaiinnlsae )s t'ienxiedtneses t c hinpoairJs .
Przyl(u91s2k3i) .
Mili=nMdial indaepdaiiibthyaeV d.T renckner.
Mm.= Maflj-umsilrlia-kaeldpiat beyd T .G anapSaatsit ri.
TrivallSdarnusmSk erri(it1e 9s2 7).
NanjAi oCa taloofgt uheeB u ddhTirsitp ij(aiCknha i snebe)y
=
B.N anijo .
_
PHA!.o rR aychuaryu= dPholcialt iHisotfo Arnyc ieInntd ia
byD rH.e mchaRnadyrcah au(d1h9u3r2y) .
SchnieeorfrT aran=aTtiihraa niiGtehsac'hsi dcehsBt ued dhiSm
inI ndiaenn. d em tibetiusbcehresne viozntA nton
Schie(f81n6e9r) .
SteoirRn l jaotrK, a hlar:=tKaa lhaClJhar'osno iftc hlKeei ngs
ofK ashmtairnrls,a tweidta hni ntrodcuocmtmieonnt,a ry,
anda pp::mdbiycM e.sA S.t e(i1n9 00).
YuanC llw�onrgW att=e0r,s1 YCuhawnan g's Traveiln s
Ind(i6a2 9A-6..)1Cb 5y T homWaast t(e91r0s4 ).
INTRODUCTOIFOB NU DDHISM
Theea rltireasdti rteiloan'tts oi t nhge .intorfo duction
BuddhiinKs ams hmirp reasreeir ntv heCede ylocnherseo ­
nictlheeM,a hiivamsaa1n dt he TiDbule-tv(aa"'; n V inaya
Pi!akoa ft heS arvaisntsiv)Ta.hd2ef rometre lulsts h at
Moggali'Tpiuststtaha,er eligaidovuiss eArs okosafe, n t
missiotnoa redirieecffsno tu ntrMiaejhsja.n twiakdsae puted
toK asm-iGraandhiiArbao.ut th tei me oafr rithvhiaeslr e
Ara!av,ak ig� tohfNe a gawsa,sd estrtohyriein pcgeo rnl
I
oft hceo unbtyrh ya itlom-r.s jMjahanotnla kcac,o oufn t
himliia rculpoouwse srtso,oo dnt hseru faocfte h eA rava!a
lakuen affecbtyre adi n and tshtiotsrh' Nme .a gkaiA ntg
grefwu riaonudss e nftro tsht oarnmdl ightannihdnu grsl,e d
stoannerdso caktsh ibmu tw ithaoouyte ffectT.h ucso n­
vinceMda jhojafn tigkrae·'pa sot wetrhsNe,a gkaig nh iwsi th
followseurbsm ittoth eidma ndl ist·teon edhdii ssc oounr ses
theev iolfas n ser haatnrdeP da.I}. 9aYkaak kahnad Harita
YakkhwiiQtith h e5i0r0c hildbreecnah miesd evoatnede s
.o fferae jde wel throne.w erWfeah nennhi.in tgmth heey
residoefKn ':\tssm ira-Gcaanmd.weh iattrhha e oifferr ifnrog s
thNea gabau,tt h eoyff ered ttheoM asjhajamnet wihkoa
thedne livteort ehde md ias coounriiS sive; �(ae vnoomfa
I. 1. MahiivamsXQI I3..
2. Du/-I(v.Aa.S .B.x ylogrvaopXlhI.6), 8, 4 -'6 90
3. .. ApaliliJnCa h inreesned e.sr eiWena gttIe,pr. s2 ,29
2
serpaenndct o)n ve'trhteetntdo B uddhiFsrmo.tm h daaty
upt ot heti m� ofc omposoiftt ihoeMn ii hiivaime.,s.t ah,e
5tcbe ntAu.r y,C t .haeu thsoaryt sh aKta smira-Gandhiira
cont1tnobu eei dl lumbiyyn eeldrl oowb es.
A legend simitlota hrae b ovaep pewairtsshl ivgahrti a­
tioinsnt hTei beDtual-nva an tdh ter aidoindtse rifvreodim t ,
eg..,t biweno rokfsT aranaBtub-as.tA osonk,q vadiianna,id n
,Y uanC hwangRe'cso rdsT.h es to'rruynassf o lloMwasd:h ya­
ntikaad ,i sciopfAl en adan,w asa teacheVra raoQfHa issi .
pupiwlesr e nusmoe rotuhsa tth el ay-devoofVt aeraeJ)sa si
fuonidtd ifficutlotm ainttahienms o;M adhyanltetifhkte a
towfnor M ount Ui§nti hr'ena o rtwhh,elrh ees tpoepfdro
thryeeea rAsf.t tehri s pMeardyihaondt wiekntato K ahsmir
ands ettdloewdon n t hbea nokf a lakien habbiytt heed
NiigasH.i!s p ersenwcase r esenbtyet dh Neii gawsh,o
howevweerr seu bdbuyeh dis su pernpaotwuerTraiislr. a natha
addtsh aattt htiismt eh ewreeri enK ashmniirn e mcaintyi es,
villaogfme so untaeilnl-eadr rwso,y raels idaenn,dtc wee lve
vihaarnatdsh ,aM ta dbyanbtriokuwagi htth himmo nmkasn y
anlda y-odteeveasn,di cnreatshewede alotfth h ceo untry by
introdtuhceci,un lgt ivoafst aiffornfo ron w,hsi Kcahs hmiisr
1.Id entifiedw itahm onutatnieoanr MathWuartat.e rSse,e
I.p.{3 08B;. CL.aw , GeoogfE; a rlByu ddhi,sp m.3 4
, '
2.K alhaal)lass oa ytsh aKlta shmwiras flulo fl akIens­
habibtyNe adg a�su.a nC hwansga ytsh a"tac cording
toth en atirvceeord s K!ashmwiarso riginaa dllrya gon
,
lakWea.t"t eIr,ps. ,2 65
3.C f. WaIt,pt .2e6 r2:sM ,a dhyanctairkrtai heivdsa l­ua
blpel afnrto ma ndhGamadanaa ndi ntrodiutci ead
KlashmirSeeS �rvastViivnaadyaTa .,a -�'hC ihh .4,0
, •