Buddha in Theravada Buddhism A Study of the Concept of Buddha in the Pali Commentaries

434 Pages·2012·28.83 MB·English

BUDDHA
IN
THERAVABDUAD DHISM
A Studoyf t heC oncepotf B uddha
int hePa liC ommentaries
TOSHIICHIE NDO
First Editio1n9 97
SeconEdd itio2n0 02
© TOSHIICEHNID O
!SBNQ 55-96292-0-4
SolDei stributor:
BUDDHISTC ULTURALC ENTRE
125,AndersRoona dN.e dimaDleah;i weSlria . Lanka
Tel7:3 425762,8 46782,6 23F4a x7:3 6737
URL Noww.w .buddhistcclkE -mail [email protected]
?rtnter1"y:
GloGbraalph iPcs� n&t( iPnvgt ) Ltd.
125/A2n.d erRsono aDde,hi wala_
Tel7:3 2648T ellF0a7x4:- 204472
CONTENTS
FOREWORD
PREFACE
ABBREVIATIONS
CHAPTERI THE BACKGROUND: . . 1-47
: ................. ............. .....
TheS piri&t uPahly siActatla inmoefnt thsBe u ddha
in thPer e-commenPtMailaLili tera.t.u.r.e. ........1.. .............
1.G otarnBau ddhaan dH isB iogra.p.h.y. ......l. ....................
2.Th c PersoofnG otamBau ddh.a. ..............4. .....................
3.T heB eginningso ft hBeu ddhaA'pso the.o.si.s. ..1.1. .........
4.S piriAttutaali nmoefnt thBseu ddh.a... .... ....... .
. . . ....... ....
4 ..T heE arlCya noniTceaxlt( st hFeo uNri kayas1)5
.. ....
4-bT.h eL atCea noniTceaxlt( st hKeh uddaNkiak iiya)
andt hAeb hidharnm.a. ............2.5. ............................
4-c.TPhoesC ta noniTceaxl.t .s.. .............. ..3.6
.. . .. ... .. . .. .... .
5.P hysiEcnadlo wmenotfst hB.u ddha. ............ 44
.... ... .. ... . . .
THE BUDDHA-CONCEPT
IN TIIE COMMENTARIES
CHAPTERI T: B UDDHA'SS PIRITUAALT TAINMENTS..5 1-133
..
1.B uddhaK'nso wled(gfie ii!1ain) G enera..L..... ...5.1. ............
2.S abbafffiut(aO-mfin3J:!ias cient Kn.o.w.l.e.d.g..e.5).8 . .........
3.D asabaolrTa a thiigat(aTbeaPnlo aw erOsT
TathagPaotwae r.s.). ......................7..9.. .................... ..........
4.I ddh(iP sycPhiocw er..)... .............................8 5
.. .. . .. . ... .. . . . . ...
5.M ahakaIU(lasarniipat(tKin-onwal.;.eaod fgt eh e
AttainmoefGn rte aCto mpassion..) 89
....... . .........................
6.C akkh u( Eye) 97
...................................................................
7.C atuves(FaoruCarojj n.f iden.ce.s) .100
..... ..... .... ........ ..
8.!Ch ett(.F i.eld.) ......... . ....1.01
........ ........ . . ... .. ...... ......... . ..
9.K ay. (.B..od.y). .... .... . 10'- 7
. . ......... . .................... . . ....... ....
10.Vasa(nHa.b it). ...................................1..1..0.. ....................
11.A qharasabuddhadh(aEmmiagh teQeuna lities
ofa uBddh)a. ...........................1.1.3. ..........................
CHAPTERm :B UDDHA'SP HYSICAELN DOWMENTS .1 35-165
.
I.M ahlipurisalakkh(ll\Clhaa racteorifs tics
a GreaMIan) . ........ ... .'. .1.3.8. ...
....... .......... . .... ............... ..
2.A slti-anuv(yEailijgahnMtaiy n oMra rks.). .......1 42
.. ... ..... . .
3.P abh(aH alaon)d R",!,(sRia ys.) .................1..4..6.
... ...... . .
4.S atapuiiiiala(kkMhaarJ)JIko sfit H undred
Merits). ...................... ........1..5..6.. ......... ...................
5.B uddhapa(daF ootp.r....in. it. ...).... ............ .. no ..... ,•;••• ••••• lo3
CHAPTERIV : THE NINE VIRTUEOSR TITLES
(NAVAGUlIjA.). ......................1..6..7..-.1.9.4. .........
CHAPTERV :T HED EFINITIOONFST ATHAGATA. ...'.' '1; -206
.
CHAPTER VI :T HEG ENERALN ATURE( DHAMMATA)
AND THE DIFFERENCES( VEMATTA)
AMONG BUDDHAS. .........207-216
........ ......... . . .. .. .
THE BODHISATTA-CONCEPT
IN THE COMMENTARIES
G'HAPTER VII:B ODHISATI'A. ..........................2.1.9-.2.4.1. .
. . . ...
1.Bo dhisauianths e P re-cornmentaLriitaelr ature2 20
...........
2.B odhisaitntt haCeso mmentari.e..s. ....................2.2.7.
. .. .. .
CHAPTERV III : THEC AREERO F A BODHISATI'.A... 2.4.3.-.2.6 6
CHAPTERIX : THE DOCTRINEO Fp ARAM\TA ... ..267-299
.. .. ... . .
CHAPTER X :C ONCLUSION . .301-308
............... .............................
NOTES . .... ........,...,.. . ,. ............3.0.9.-.3.9.5. ................
.... ..... ......... . ... . .. . . .
SELECTEBDI BUOGRAPHY. ... .. ........397-I4I
. ...... ............ ... .... . . . .. . ..
INDEX 413-421
............................. .................... .....................................
FOREWORD
TheP alCio mmentalriitaelraatsau nrei ndepensdoeunrtc e
materiiassl t ialm lu chn eglecatreeodafs tudIyts.u seis morteo wards
thseu pplemenntaatrufyro etr h eex egeansdi sc larifiocfaw toirodns
andp hrasfeosu nidn t he Tripi!maakyah avaebs e ent hec ase
throughiotuhsti stobreyc auosfei tlsi ternaartyu rTea.k en
independehnotwleyv,ei rta, l spor oviadv eass stt oorfei nformation
tok nowt hed evelopmoefTn hte ravada Buddhisimn t rheef lected
Tripi!Haekrael. i easn othaerreo af i mprtanco ein thes tudoyft he
PiilAl! !hakaltihtiie rature.
A pioneerwionrgkw asm adem oret ha5n0 y ears agob y
Dr.E.W.Adiwkhaore axma mintehdPe ii lAi! !hakaithnta h eoi�rg inal
sourcaensdt hnea tuorfte h eciorn teMnotrse.r ecenstolmyes, c holars
havet aketno t hes tudoyf t heP iilAig hakatheiix tensiavnedl y
comprehensAimvoenlgyt .h ema reD r.F riedgLaortdt ermoosfe r
(1982) (1984)
Germany andD r.S odoM orio f Japan whoh ave
expandtehdse c opoeft hAe! \ilakathsat udbyye xamininnotgo nly
thoer igisnoaulr coefts h cemrn entaribeusat,l stoh eciorn tenftrso m
diffearnegnlte Asl.o ng tfhreusiets ftuuld iteism,se e emtsobe ripe
for scholtaoprs a ya ttenntoiwot not hceo nteonftht esP iilAig hakatha
literatmuorree cloDsre.lTy..E ndwoo'rskp resenhteerdwe i ll
certafiinaDld ye sideratum.
Dr.E ndo'psr imatasrky, as hes tatiests o,p resetnhtde a ta
andi nformaetmiboond ieidnt heP alAi! !hakactohniic ernitnhge
Buddha-coasn cmeupctha nda ss ystemataiscp aolslsyiH belbe egi.n s
witah b rieexfa minatoifto hneB uddha-confcoeupnitdn t hep re­
commentalriitaelraatsau p rree lutdohe i msa int hemebso tohf t he
Buddha-coanncdte hpBeto dhisatta-frcoomnC cheappttIT e orn wards.
Findings priensh einst ewdo rk cleartlhya ttih neBd uidcdahtae-
conceipntt h AeW> akathlai teraftourmrsie n i tseanli fm portaanndt
dynamfiocr cteor eckwoint fho thre e stablisohfmw ehnawtt e l ater
regaarsdT heravaBduad dhism reinf ltehcect oemdm entariaI and
subsequleimt eraHteud ries.c usins tehsse e cocnhda ptseorm ei deas
andn otioinnst rodwuictehdti hnce o mmentalriitaelraftoturhr feei rst
timien t heP altria ditiSopne.c imaeln tiomnu stb em adei nt his
connectioofn t heE ighteeQnu alitioefs a Buddha
(a¢tiirasabuddhaad chlaasmsmiii)fi,co aftt ihoeon m niscioennets
(sabiibiiaii)a ndt hee xplanatoifco onms passi(okna ruiIJntii) h e
commentarieTsh.e a uthhaso rs kilfulldye monstraaw teeldl -balanced
approatoc thh ed evelopmoefn ttB hued dha-conicnte hpetsa er eas
witthhe maximudma tpao ssiwbilteh obuetc omianpgo logebtuitc .
witshy mpathPyu.r suifnugr ththeer d evelopmoefnth te Buddha­
conceipntt h ceo mmentaheri neesxd,te awlist thh peh ysiacttrailb utes
ofB uddhiau t het hircdh aptHeerr.e a gaihne s howsth atth e
commentaattotresm pttoe dp ortray tohreB u Bduddhiadnsham a o re
superhufmoarnwm i tthh ien creansuemdb eorfp hysiactatrli butes.
Thec haptfeorustr os idxe awli tcho mmentaerxieagle osfet sh Nei ne
IV),
Virtuoefas B uddh(aC hapterd efmitioofTn asth aga(tCah apter
V)a nd whcaotm monf eatuarnedsd iffereanlcBleu sd dhas have
amongt hem( ChaptVeIr) .T hea utheoxra mintehsed octroifn e
Bodhisiantd tiaf fearsepnetc itnts h lea stth rcehea pteHrebs r.i ntgos
our nottihcateth ceo mmentarpiaerst,i cyut lhaorsolefD hammapaIa,
givet hretey peosf b odhitsaastn;a melmya haobdhisatta,
paccekabodanhdi ssiiavtatkaa bodhTihiscsal tatsas.i fiocfa tion
bodhisaptltaayass v itraoll eev eni nt hed octroifnp ee rfections
(piiramitii).Th eg enerthinkinagl thatthe ter'mb odhisatteaxc'l usively
denotae bse ing desttoai tnteadBi und dhahoiostd h us deinni ed
Dhammapalcao'msm entarTiehsep. e rfect(ipoiinrs amariet ii)
practinsoetodn lbyy B uddhas-t(om-abheii bodhibsuaatl tstabosy ) ,
anyonweh oc anb ed esignaatss eda vakabodThhiesa uatththoaar's .
•
alsbor ougthoto ura ttenttihoaDnth anunapa\oac cupiae ssp ecial
placient hceo mmentariallaisth eesr eaetmutsro he a vbee emnu ch
influebnycoe tdh enro nT-heravasdoau rceThse.a uthohro,w ever,
believtehsaD th arnmaplila dniodt m ereliyn trodtuhceemi nto
TheravaBduad dhibsumht,e fI rsdti gesttheedam n d tihnecno rporated
intiots ot hahti sc ommenftalsl w elwli thtihnef ramewoorftk h e
Theravtraaddai tiinot nh een d.
Dr. Endwoo'rskh ass eatn e xampolfeh owt heA Hhakathli
literactaunbr ese m dieidni tesn tiraesat s yo urmcaet ereivaelfn o ar
singtloep liick teh Beu ddha-conHcieswp otr.bk e comaelstl h meo re
usefiou lt hahte h asm adea comprehensstiuvdoeyf s econdary
Japanessoeu rcneosat v ailatbotl heae v erasgteu deanntdhas madea
synthesoifms a tersicaalt teinr veadri oupsr imarys ourcaensdh as
tracetdh hei stordiecvaell opmoefntthc eo ncespyts tematiThec ally.
strengotfhh isst udisy h ist horoughannedss csi entaipfIpcr oaioc h
presentthiend ga taa ndi nfmoartioenm bodiioe dt heA \!haka thli.
Contribumtaidoebn y D r.E ndot owartdhseu nderstanodfi ng
TheravBauddad hiwsiml cle rtainly bea ppreciabtyem da ny.
N.AJayawickrama
Septemb1e9r9 7
PREFACE
Thibso oiks a r evisaendds lighetxlpya ndveedr sioofmn y
doctotrhaels siusb mitttote hdPe o stgradIunastteio tfuP taela in d
BuddhiSsttn diUensi,v erosfiK teyl ani,yS ar Lia nkian 1 995.
Researocnht ehsBe u ddhiant hTeh eravtardaad ihtaivosenof abre en
confined tmoto hsmeta ltye raivaalisl ianbt lhPeea lTir ipi\Tahkeay.
armea incleyn tarreodu tnhdBe u ddhab'iso grapIhIIythis . connection
twom ain stroefta hmosu ghhatv eem erged toO neds actheo.oo fl
thoughhatsa ttempttoed di smanstulpep oseldalteyel ements
assoCiwaittetdhh el ifoeft he Budind htah eP alCia noann d
endeavotuoarre rdi vaeta tr uep ictouftr ehh ei stoBruidcdahlwa i thout
thgea robfm ythssu rrounhid_pi enrgs onality. haRvesesh eoawrnc hes
thatthB eu ddhwaa sa humanp ar excelleanndsc uep erhuqmuaalni ties
thalIa tseoru rcoefstae snc ritbohime arminimeal int heea rployr tions
oft hCea nonT.h es econd socfth hoooulg thatk tehsPe i\ lCia noinn
its enticromeptily ea la inofdfe t hBeu ddhaac cordiAn gmleryit.o f
thiasp proalcihei snt hatth eB uddhcao uledm ergea sa ctually
portraybeytd h Beu ddhitshtesm sewlhvoew se rree sponsnioobtnl ley
fomra intaitnhiuenn gb rokterna nsmiosfss icorni ptbuuratel ssf,oo r
spreading Bausd dlahi ivisrnmeg l igiIno tnh.is se nsteh imse thod
canc ertayiinellyd rwehsiucglhet nse rmaotrere e ligsieonutsi ments
ande thivcaallu eBsu.d dhihsamse xerciistiesnd fl uenucpeo tnh e
peoploefT heravlicdoau ntrpieersh,a ps, mucht hgaornfe ater
Mahayacnoau ntarsia enes th icaanlds piritual foiutnlsdo antgi on in
histoIrthy a.sb eeand ynamriecl igwiiotnnhu merohuiss toridec­al
velopmeadnatpsti nigt steolc fh angienngv ironmfernottmsi ntloe
timeT.h ei magoeft hef oundoefrB uddhisGmo,t amBau ddhaal,s o
changiensd p acaen dtim e. Itis hwehreera ed esideroafpt uurms uing
Buddholiongs yu bsequlietnetr parye rioind Tsh eravBauddad hism
isf eltT.h eV eneraHb.lNe� avasaat tempttoes dt reamtlhien e
developomfet nhtce o nceopfBt u ddhianP allii terabteugrien ning
fromt hNei kayuapts o a boutthT eik asi nh idso ctotrhaelsi in1s 9 64.
Owintgo t hnea tnorfhe i rse seahrocwhe,v seorm,oe f h icso mments
andc onclusairoteno sho a stya ndu ntenable.
Thep resewnotr ki st herefaoirmee adt f illtihnigvs a cuum.
Itmsa inf ocuiss o nt het asokf p resentdiantgaa n di nformation
concernitnhgBe uddha-conecmebpotd iiendt heP ilcio mmentaries
asm ucha nda ss ystematiacsap lolsys iabnldet hew orkm ustb e
vieweads a sequentcoet hec anoniccoanlc eopftB uddhaM.a jor
sourcoensw hicthh weo rki sb aseared theen tiPrielc io mmentaries
andt heV isuddhimaogfBg uad dhaghoTshae.g uidipnringc iploef
thiwso rki sa c lassifitchaceto imomne ntaroifetsehn a vew itrhe gard
tot hep ersonaolfiB tuyd dhah:e i ss aitdo b ee ndowewdi tthw o
kindosfp owe(rbaJ ar)e presenbotthi snpgi riatnudpa hly sicaaslpse cts
ofB uddhahoTohde.y a re• ii if<Ja-ba(knJao'w ledgpeo wera)n d• k ilya­
bala('ph ysipcoawle r)I.n a dditisoonm,e i mporteapnitt haertes
discusFsuerdt.h tehrBe,o dhisatta-ciosin nccelputdi enthid s booka s
an integrpaalro tf t heB uddha-concine tphtec ommentaries.
Limitatioofnt sh epr esewnotr k athraett hequ estioofn• H so w'a nd
'Why' Btuhded ha-confcuerpthted re velopientd h ec onuneutaries
are lefutn answefroetrdh meo spta rbte, cautshee cyo nstitauntoet her
studiyn volvai mnugc hw ider apprtoota hcehp roblewmi tha n
extenspirveep araatnidco onm parisonI.ti st herefhoorpeet dh aftu ture
studies bweiu lnld ertakteoan s sespso ssibilnet eractainodn s
influenbceetsw eetnh eT heravaadnad nTohne-ravasdcah ooilns
formithneg c ommentardieavle lopmoeftn htB eu ddha-concept.
Iw oulldi kteoe xtenmdy appreciaatnidto hna ntkoss everal
people wchoonsset eanncto urageamnedhn etl spu staimneei dnc om­
pletitnhgep resewnotr k.F irsmty, h eartfeglrta titguodeest o D r.
MahindPaa lihawadParnoaf.e sEsomre rituUsn,i vers·iotfSy r i
JayawardhanaanpdProu rf.a W.S.Karunatoiflt lhaeUk nei versoift y
Kelaniuynad,e wrh osseu pervitshiiosn wwoarsku ndertaaknedn
completTedh.e yw ere generous twimietah n dte nhceoiurr agmeed
throughoTuhte.y o fferemda nyv aluaeb sluggeosntsia nd
improvemsef notwrh icIha m evegrr atetfotu hle mT.h ankasr ea lso
duet oP rofessor Y.Karunadoafst ah,Pe o DsitrgercatdIounras ttei tute
ofP alaln dB uddhiSsttu diUensi,v ersoifKt eyl anifyoarh, i s guid­
anceI.a m indebtteoeM dr .K.Narampawnhaowh ae lpemdec ollect
muchn eededda tpaa rticualtat rhileny i tsitaalgo efm y studIym. u st
alstoh anPkr ofessCohrasn drWai kramagamaLg.ed,eS ilva and