BTEC National Engineering, Second Edition: Core units for all BTEC National Engineering pathways

676 Pages·2007·10.47 MB·English

by  Mike Tooley

BTEC National Engineering
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BTEC National
Engineering
Second Edition
Mike Tooley and Lloyd Dingle
AMSTERDAM (cid:129) BOSTON (cid:129) HEIDELBERG (cid:129) LONDON (cid:129) NEW YORK (cid:129) OXFORD
PARIS (cid:129) SAN DIEGO (cid:129) SAN FRANCISCO (cid:129) SINGAPORE (cid:129) SYDNEY (cid:129) TOKYO
Newnes is an imprint of Elsevier
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Newnes is an imprint of Elsevier
Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP, UK
30 Corporate Drive, Suite 400, Burlington, MA 01803, USA
First edition 2002
Second edition 2007
Copyright © 2007, Mike Tooley and Lloyd Dingle. All rights reserved.
The right of Mike Tooley and Lloyd Dingle to be identifi ed as the authors of this work
has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or
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Obtaining permission to use Elsevier material
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress
ISBN: 978-0-7506-8521-4
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Printed and bound in Slovenia
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Contents
Introduction .............................................................................................................................................vii
Unit 1 Business Systems for Technicians ..................................1
Engineering companies ......................................................................................................................2
External factors and the economic environment ............................................................33
Legislation and environmental constraints ..........................................................................50
Costing techniques .............................................................................................................................62
Unit 2 Communications for Technicians ................................87
Information and information sources ......................................................................................88
Presenting engineering information .....................................................................................112
Engineering drawings ....................................................................................................................123
Verbal and written communication.......................................................................................185
Unit 3 Engineering Project .......................................................191
Introduction ..........................................................................................................................................192
Specifying the project ....................................................................................................................196
Planning the project ........................................................................................................................213
Implementing the project ...........................................................................................................230
Presenting the project ....................................................................................................................242
Unit 4 Mathematics for Technicians .....................................261
Arithmetic and trigonometric fundamentals ..................................................................262
Algebraic methods ...........................................................................................................................275
Trigonometric methods and formulae ................................................................................313
Statistical methods ...........................................................................................................................346
Elementary calculus techniques ..............................................................................................361
Unit 5 Electrical and Electronic Principles ..........................387
Direct current circuits......................................................................................................................388
Capacitance ..........................................................................................................................................432
Electromagnetism .............................................................................................................................458
Alternating current circuits ..........................................................................................................471
Unit 6 Mechanical Principles and Applications ................501
Loading in static engineering systems ................................................................................502
Work, power and energy transfer in dynamic systems ..............................................536
Parameters and principles of fl uid systems .......................................................................565
Energy transfer in thermodynamic systems .....................................................................582 v
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vi Contents
Appendices
Appendix 1 Units ...............................................................................................................................607
Appendix 2 Answers to test your knowledge questions .........................................611
Index ..........................................................................................................................................................657
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Introduction
Welcome to the challenging and exciting world of engineering! This
book has been written to help get you through the core units of the
BTEC National Certifi cate and Diploma awards in Engineering. It
provides the essential underpinning knowledge required of a student
who wishes to pursue a career in any branch of engineering.
The book has been written by two highly experienced and higher
education lecturers. With over 50 years of practical teaching experience
they have each contributed their own specialist knowledge which
has been designed to cover the core units of the revised and updated
BTEC Engineering programme. Throughout the book we have adopted
a common format and approach with numerous student activities,
examples, end of unit review questions and key points.
About the BTEC National Certifi cate and Diploma
The BTEC National Certifi cate and National Diploma qualifi cations
have long been accepted by industry as appropriate qualifi cations for
those who are about to enter industry or who are receiving training at
the early stages of employment in industry. At the same time, these
qualifi cations have become increasingly acceptable as a means of
gaining entry into higher education.
BTEC National programmes in engineering attract a very large number
of registrations per annum such that there is in excess of 35,000 students
currently studying these qualifi cations in the UK by both part-time and
full-time modes of study.
The BTEC National syllabus was recently reviewed and extensively
updated and new programmes have been launched with effect from
September 2007. The new scheme is likely to be adopted by all
institutions that currently offer the programme as well as a number of
others who will be offering BTEC qualifi cations for the fi rst time.
Many organizations have contributed to the design of the new BTEC
National Engineering programme including the Qualifi cations and
Curriculum Authority (QCA), the Engineering Council and several
Sector Skills Councils (SSC).
The Engineering Council continues to view the BTEC National
Certifi cate/Diploma as a key qualifi cation for the sector. They also
recognize that BTEC National qualifi cations are frequently used as
a means of entry to higher education courses, such as HNC/HND
programmes and Foundation Degree courses.
To assist tutors and lecturers, the book is supported by a tutor support
DVD, ISBN 978-0-7506-8520-7, containing sample schemes of work
and lesson plans, information on assessment, worked solutions and vii
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viii Introduction
sample answers to selected activities, answers to all end of unit review
questions, ready-made assignments and other teaching resources such as
handouts, as well as electronic fi les for all illustrations in the book.
How to Use This Book
This book covers the six core units that are common to nearly all BTEC
National Engineering programmes. Each unit contains Text, Key points,
Test your knowledge questions, Examples, Activities and End of unit
review questions.
The Test your knowledge questions are interspersed with the text
throughout the book. These questions allow you to check your
understanding of the preceding text. They also provide you with an
opportunity to refl ect on what you have learned and consolidate this in
manageable chunks.
Most Test your knowledge questions can be answered in only a few
minutes and the necessary information, formulae, etc., can be gleaned
from the surrounding text. Activities, on the other hand, make excellent
vehicles for gathering the necessary evidence to demonstrate that you
are competent in key skills. Consequently, they normally require a
signifi cantly greater amount of time to complete. They may also require
additional library or resource area research time coupled with access to
computing and other information technology resources.
Many tutors will use Test your knowledge questions as a means of
reinforcing work done in class while Activities are more likely to be
‘set work’ for students to do outside the classroom. Whether or not this
approach is taken, it is important to be aware that this student-centred
work is designed to complement a programme of lectures and tutorials
based on the BTEC syllabus. Independent learners (i.e. those not taking
a formal course) will fi nd complete syllabus coverage in the text.
The worked examples not only show you how to solve simple problems
but also help put the subject matter into context with typical illustrative
examples. In order to successfully tackle this work you will need to
have a good scientifi c calculator (and get to know how to use it). In the
units on Business Systems and Communications you will require access
to an Internet-connected computer with word processing, spreadsheet,
drawing and CAD software.
Finally, here are some general points to help you with your studies:
● Allow regular time for reading – get into the habit of setting aside an
hour, or two, at the weekend. Use this time to take a second look at
the topics that you have covered during the week or that you may have
not completely understood.
● Make notes and fi le these away neatly for future reference – lists of
facts, defi nitions and formulae are particularly useful for revision!
● Look out for the inter-relationship between subjects and units – you
will fi nd many ideas and a number of themes that crop up in different
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Introduction ix
places and in different units. These can often help to reinforce your
understanding.
● Don’t expect to fi nd all subjects and topics within the course equally
interesting. There may be parts that, for a whole variety of reasons,
don’t immediately fi re your enthusiasm. There is nothing unusual
in this; however, do remember that something that may not appear
particularly useful now may become crucial at some point in the
future!
● However diffi cult things seem to get – don’t be tempted to give up!
Engineering is not, in itself, a diffi cult subject, rather it is a subject
that demands logical thinking and an approach in which each new
concept builds upon those that have gone before.
● Finally, don’t be afraid to put your new ideas into practice.
Engineering is about doing – get out there and do it!
Good luck with your BTEC Engineering studies!
Mike Tooley and Lloyd Dingle
www
A free student website is available at http://www.key2study.com/btecnat and
features:
● Interactive quizzes with automatic marking and feedback
● A free comprehensive 2D CAD package for downloading
● A variety of spreadsheet tools for solving common engineering problems
● Useful engineering data summaries
● Extensive Visio symbol libraries for engineering drawing/CAD
● Drawing templates and sample drawings in industry-standard format
● Additional material to support learning activities and assignments
Acknowledgements
Photo of crash test dummy (Unit 1) courtesy of iStockphoto, jacus,
Image# 2396903
Photo of circuit diagram (Unit 2) courtesy of iStockphoto, kr7ysztof,
Image# 2763655
Photo of magnetic levitation train (Unit 5) courtesy of iStockphoto,
FreezingRain, Image# 1640206
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