BTEC level 2 : health and social care

345 Pages·2010·12.754 MB·English

by  Elizabeth Rasheed

BTEC Level 2
Health & Social Care
Elizabeth Rasheed,

Alison Hetherington &
Jo Irvine
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British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this title is available from the British Library
ISBN: 9781444111903
First Published 2010
Impression number 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Year 2012 2011 2010
Copyright © 2010 Elizabeth Rasheed, Alison Hetherington and Jo Ervine
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or
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Illustrations by Mike Parsons at Barking Dog Art
Printed in Italy
iii
Contents
Walkthrough vi
Author biographies and acknowledgements viii
Unit 1 Communication in Health and Social Care 1
1 Know different forms of communication 2
2 Understand barriers to effective communication 10
3 Be able to communicate effectively 18
Unit 2 Individual Rights within the Health and Social Care Sectors 26
1 Know factors that contribute to a diverse and equal society 27
2 Understand principles and values which underpin the support given
to individuals 39
Unit 3 Individual Needs in the Health and Social Care Sectors 56
1 Know everyday needs of individuals 57
2 Understand factors that influence the health and needs of
individuals 61
3 Be able to plan to meet the health and wellbeing needs of an
individual 76
Unit 4 Ensuring Safe Environments in Health and Social Care 84

1 Know potential hazards in health and social care environments 85
2 Know main principles of health and safety legislation applied to
health and social care environments 95
3 Understand risk assessment processes related to health or social
care 101
Unit 5 Vocational Experience in a Health or Social Care Setting 108
1 Be able to complete the application process for a period of work
experience in a health or social care setting 109
2 Be able to complete a period of work experience in a health or
social care setting 121
3 Be able to demonstrate interpersonal skills in a health or social
care setting 131
4 Be able to reflect upon own performance in a health or social
care setting 135
iv Contents
Unit 6 Cultural Diversity in Health and Social Care 145
1 Know diversity of individuals in society 147
2 Understand beliefs and practices in different religious or secular
groups 151
3 Understand factors that influence the equality of opportunity for
individuals in society 161
4 Know the role of legislation, codes of practice and charters in
promoting diversity 167
Unit 7 Anatomy and Physiology for Health and Social Care 176
1 Know the organisation of the human body 177
2 Understand the structure, function and interrelationship of major
body systems 182
3 Be able to carry out routine measurements and observations of
body measurements 201
4 Know the effects of malfunctions on body systems 209
5 Know routine care given to individuals with body malfunctions 215
Unit 8 Human Lifespan Development 221
1 Know developmental changes that occur at different life stages 222
2 Know positive and negative influences on individuals at different
life stages 234
3 Know the factors that can influence an individual’s self-concept 239

4 Understand different care needs of individuals at different life
stages 245
Unit 9 Creative and Therapeutic Activities in Health and Social Care 251
1 Know different creative and therapeutic activities and their benefits 252
2 Know legislation and regulations relevant to the implementation
of creative and therapeutic activities 257
3 Understand the role of the professionals in supporting individuals
who undertake creative and therapeutic activities 260
4 Be able to implement appropriate creative and therapeutic activities 261
Unit 10 Health and Social Care Services 269
1 Know key elements of health and social care services 270
2 Know barriers to accessing health and social care services 283
3 Understand principles of partnership in health and social care 286
4 Understand requirements for job roles in health and social care 287
Contents v
Unit 11 The Impact of Diet on Health 299
1 Know dietary needs of individuals at different life stages 300
2 Understand effects of unbalanced diets on the health of
individuals 314
3 Know specific dietary needs of service users 317
4 Understand principles of food safety and hygiene 320
Glossary 327
Index 330
vi
Walkthrough
Prepare for what you Learning outcomes:
are going to cover in
this unit, and what
By the end of this unit you will learn about:
you’ll know by the
end of it.
different forms of communication
Activity 1
Reinforce concepts
with hands-on Find out what traditions or customs there are in
learning and your family, then compare with the rest of your class.
generate evidence
Cultural traditions often happen at important events
for assignments.
such as births, marriages and deaths.
Case Study
Understand how
your learning
fits into real life David is a 65-year-old widowed man. He smokes 15
and working cigarettes a day. He is a member of a walking club and
environments. attends the club’s walking and social events. He also
rea ds regularly and has some good, supportive friends.
Did you know... ?
A handy fact to
Key terms
impress people
You can see the
with and help you Services – the
census fi ndings for
evaluate key points. organisations and
yourself at www.
people supplying a
statistics.gov.uk.
particular need.
!
Helps you reinforce REMEMBER
and remember
Revise all those new
key concepts and
Never put a words and what they
information.
thermometer in a young mean.
child’s or baby’s mouth.
They are likely to bite it.
vii
The comprehensive guide
to what assessors will be
looking for in your work.
Assessment and grading criteria
To achieve a pass grade To achieve a merit grade To achieve a distinction
the evidence must show the evidence must show grade the evidence
that you are able to: that, in addition to the must show that, in
pass criteria, you are addition to the pass
able to: and merit criteria, you
are able to:
o utline the everyday produce a plan justify the plan
P1 M2 D1
needs of individuals for improving for improving
[IE1, IE2, RL3, SM2, the health and the health and
SM3.] well-being of an well-being of an
individual. individual.
Summary
You’ve just covered
Practitioners working in the health and social care
a whole unit, so
sectors need to be expert communicators, which
here’s a reminder
means they need to be good listeners as well as
of the key things
you’ve learned! knowing and understanding all the different ways
in which people can communicate, including the
differences between cultures.
You’ll often need
to find further Further Reading
Further reading
information for
assignments, so
Mehrabian, A. (1981). Silent messages: Implicit
here are some
communication of emotions and attitudes. Belmont,
pointers to get you
CA: Wadsworth
started
The internet’s great
for further research. Weblinks
These are pointers
to some of the more
www.bbc.co.uk/skillswise/
useful information
out there for www.belbin.com
assignments.
viii Author biographies
Author biographies
Elizabeth Rasheed is a qualified nurse and experienced teacher coordinating Health and Social
Care including BTEC Health and Social Care at Dudley College. Elizabeth has taught in further
education for over 15 years. She has a first degree in Social Sciences, a Post Graduate Certificate
in Education and a Master’s degree in Education. She is a Fellow of the Institute for Learning.
In her spare time, she is an associate lecturer in Health and Social Care for the Open University.
Alison Hetherington was born and educated in Sheffield. A qualified Registered Nurse she
worked for several years at the Royal Hallamshire Hospital in Sheffield. In 1985 Alison moved
to Cheshire to begin her midwifery career at Leighton Hospital in Crewe, but following a
guest speaker role at her local Further Education college continued as a part time lecturer and
completed her Certificate in Education qualification. Up until 2000 Alison worked part time in
both Midwifery and Lecturing and was then offered a full time post at Halton College in Runcorn
teaching on health and social care and childcare courses. In 2004 she returned to Mid Cheshire
College as a full time lecturer with the responsibility for coordinating BTEC Health and Social
care courses. She also works as an external verifier for a major awarding body. Alison would
like to thank her daughters Laura and Sally and her husband John who have always encouraged
her next adventure. Alison would like to dedicate this book to her lovely dad, Stephen Fielding
(1929–2008).
Jo Irvine has a great deal of experience in both BTEC and the Health and Social Care sector.
Originally a Health Care visitor she went on to work as a practitioner and manager in the NHS
for many years, and later as a Programme Manager for Skills for Health. Jo went on to manage
a portfolio of Health and Social Care qualifications for a major awarding body, before becoming
an independent education consultant involved in the development of a range of specifications in
this field.
Photo credits
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Unit 1
Communication in
Health and Social Care
People who work in health and social care need to be
able to communicate well so that they can develop
positive relationships and share information with others.
Communication is the key to good interpersonal skills, which
are essential to care work. This means that people who work in
health and social care have to be good listeners as well as good
at speaking in a way that others can understand. They have to
listen to:
● patients in hospitals
● people who use health or social services (service users)
● relatives
● other professionals, such as doctors, social workers,
occupational therapists and many others who help to care for
people.
This unit aims to enable you to gain the necessary knowledge,
understanding and practical skills to communicate effectively

within a health and social care environment.
Learning outcomes:
In this unit you will learn about:
● different forms of communication
● barriers to effective communication
● communicating effectively.