BSTJ 40: 4. July 1961: Project Echo: The Dual Channel 2390-mc Traveling-Wave Maser. (De Grasse, R.W. ; Kostelnick, J.J.; Scovil, H.E.D.)

4.7 MB·English

PROJECT ECHO,

The Dual Channel 2390-me
Traveling-Wave Maser

By R. W. DE GRASSE, J. J, KOSTELNICK,
HW. E. b, SCOVIL,

efecto! 2000-e signals rom the cha Evite er west ya
nfsterantvna and ond ty aid ar rvsingamre amen Phin
bajr detite beeen the dat eae! ees aps for thie
Devin” Sach masse hae ueion gin (>33 a) te onesie te mie
{Fe fllraing sage, Usoonttonst stably oar By Be raf aie
Leaoted fenimageatie inate nels. Tie iamontanrsun ‘arse
Se 1S oe conte 9890 ae. The eto Input nae tearpeense Se PK.

‘This paper diseases the design a eS aan craseliggsanve waver
fon the Project Ero satelite eomanivatinn esperimertt The masers
dsenbad here were used a Bel, Telephone Laburatsie, Hela,
‘New Jensy, reeiving ternal to simplify the 2390 ane signals voto
from the pesive Esto T satelite and rsived by the bot hone
Beelor antenns,

‘The 2100-me signal wus transite ith eirenlar poarination, Im
erfetions in the tmnamiscion path sas ge a not pence spherical
atelt onl oudtdeviatinns fm the nego ion larization
Fue efers would abe pi tems 4 mgr! Ting the ete
nee ofeltenlge polarization. A qhasce-wavm pale the sac fees
‘onverel ot inane ie lar into oboe nse Hine pla
ton, whieh ere then fl separately to the supute ef tn meses, Ths
foge muse Reveived fhe polerinuion as tsaomted std eves ae pie

mel ages eho oe fi seaside Eatin ath ic
LIS vue ice erME nuRAEUEAN orREST, ALA

plier Ze she gl eherne, "Phe ater rae erred a a preamplie™
fica meniteniugeuuiel whiesresived data? Hae nzperfetions af the
nsnanision pet

"The eyetesa used frequney sandulnton. Th vequzed a reoing bands
width of apyresimately ane centers} «1 2500 me for the sigaal. 3
Tightly wider Invite ee reared, sever, i contnnans si
Tie ronitoring was dagied $2188 iio; this ieqaeey sas alse
brat elowe to the rgnal ekscuel Woriler rociving system details wre
ven in the vecompanying poor iy Olan

‘The sysens abjostive cae for mutes with the fllowig equine

Ty Ivo outa! samplers fe duplex operation

lowest poeeble ive mnperatnee,

3 bse poster than 3 ene;
4. lorgtern gain tail
lens a gn

Ayuemic range gence thaw 60 Ay;
Sekt suring tsa botieen Heian: sansfers to poem open
Fon for afl somos of neighboring etelbte passes

one fev 2300 me

Horse tee 24, ae ha ied Uh ruse ce ears
‘neti be the most desi, I: wae sown previons that these geaeral
Uhjpsives cold Tks mes at ke Ape. com the fequeaes, the oan
Uiieences were the Tegtirenset for a higher gain and. no Sertmsia
Tuning ‘hin suggested the we of he me travelingevare maser os 8
Iss for desig, the main dopartury being ranch naower-baxdwilh
sles structure ih avearoe lostng

"Ton 7 saugestd latch hes sytem using a etainlee tal dewr
vvith aficient Iu storage eat le ve eho required running ime.

"The two wnplles we locate in th sare dewar and magnet eld,
in onder ro obtain spleen,

fen sam avntve EEE (008)

‘Chromiumloye aluminom asd (yy) wa the one materia whieh
vyae proved Wo hast the requisite prngories. Fortuna ely, esseatilly
Thmpteveinformaton was avaible on the maser propertics 0 hs
Inaver‘al ab 20 yye Linu the work nf Gisie? Is pectioular it was
Kean thal 1 yetseat bron gs opin al a the $= £0°
Dich field, elge-nen eran wo he
Die TRAWRUING WAU was ans

"The value of x", forever polgiaen ie given by Eesti (12)
of Rel. Gesniesbsinad the fnveried state densities (in — 3.) die
tweily from a mensunerent of she inverion mits a nay an!¥ sent
rom the insemion rio nf 68 9 427K he eumguted cand
Hx", the inverted susteptibilties, for the two senses of circular
polation defned with respect to the applied de masnetic field. He
ives x = —0O1S ony * = 0002] when the materials purnped to
fahieiton, Ue principal aie of the sientibility tenor being slog
the C-asie ofthe crys

“The iin long f trans, gives by again (5) of Re
aoe
wee uh gee of te Agora tenon, a the
ing ea, Pe dil
fasta

is

Gene

i 8 property of the macerial and cy be somputed frm
ues forays We fl ua — Tol Xs I ender to obtain
he Uagest iin one urine Fie wd eas Ae soe
lake weee completely ied with roy ad Tae Rls everrbere
bed the cornet allipisity Tn practice hnwrvery Thy ran Ie done
‘he coma structure cant be rovenieny ied wie wiv materi
tween the fingers, and somo alr dilectic a tell ar te Sipe
in onder to contro the frequeney aud bandwidth. Liber, the RP eld
tonfiguration is controled by the structre, and the eliptirity 8 lifer
{nt in ferent sgn, Tw princi, the Pause of the eystal eat be
Srvuted ta give he Inala for Tifntsate'y a the ie hie
thie wn il, Lang Dents rll st tai is We opto

ration. It vis tvesy, hesefone, 20 te he Canis at OP the
xis of the ens

The Coknie isos was Ile with ey oly ane le, ad the
tio oF tha ab gains fa the oppestc dineeion# of propagesen wu2 3.
Artin af abot 2 vas expected at 24 ke, ann of Tae ines oe
llipivity of the surety wnene, At was ied, thereory Mal &
Varn waa wisrsae Far JOLMNA JUL He

Assia would be etemplad in hie bh sides ofthe slow-wave src=
Fre woul He hcl ith ry im ender vba masa apis. I
ining this inerease x, paid the penalty of eciproea ck

Teves, Thi ed ol few ob for th alata, snes ehert=
init satityrequce he laine revere las Lo mow eed vice
Tha ry sin

"The Te nmgoeticfld poten of the cunt sae not known exaery:
overtheles it was pie In ae revere atimato of the prod
et raul and bonne obs the magretie Qu at A2"K. Ths apr
ats eampitation gore

Oy = ep 1,

veal
£23) Re) as

he olset ui gin ray be ronson (Neat

wmf)

where 8s he oeing fae ae mrmber of oe space werent
In hel the tren ean aa aempier Hg ot 8 ches
con Qa = 180,

0's)
1 he stout en isola forensic suns 0 ne wun 12d,
ie wee Halt shsing falar of abst B40 is require for wperation sf
TOS, de th was eonsicersdl some esr, Hk os decided to
Dperate a & putes lin tempore of about LAK A this tem

Deratuce exo elas dees de avenon ato to abou 25. TAK,
hi into acuity wo abt reve! Flowing of 100,

Tis now pussble tn peti te ena setions reed in the
slow-ae erchne td the strate laud from Eqnation (38)
of Ret,

fide
bea

aye

whore Jes the frequency mt shir te eteu ingers have an lecreat

fv aue-quarter wavelongth, Xe ths tla) nunaber of rotons in
the strtare, tn i isthe rate of chun o! phaeesblt per ection
‘sth frequency. Usiyg a empirical rlaonehip between struct
Tri alle, hich

Be
0 Me MAVERESG ANE as ut

‘where s-~ th then

sy = ou. f,

sd patting in value we aan

as,
‘where By iin mgsiyeli. Tr Yue eal des 28 sti sam va,
‘whieh sidiaies an uporvsaate structare bacvbwidth of 05 me, 32.
bout 4 peseunt, Prove nsene shower Dua aontion dlelies
‘wore otter ecrouncered sith small peventage Sunil

vei sty il lus os ova Seustee ow feequenion
ie Un iron se i lw aero esp salen dion, The

‘omisal npr Ing eX, hi diana song sho retary hs
pilin cle agree fee; consencersly, i wil. be& determining fetor
invite rgrel gep se. "The act ager length required ean e reduced
he ecpitive Inding c2 te ger ips at Hy eight
ustent of ta ruby gaer mater

The lane trae azerave raver exploysl 9 fer kets of 087
det Fearn hers toe nga se ahora he Fe tase ae deiged
Higa oy Ie RUBE XPE The ale wal of te cor eteuemne, wich
Inn He pss Losey wavegade ate BAU by OM50 inches, which
Jn coon ra X hea wavegride ese inane, Chew dimensions kit
A Ubtid-uck exp eetren tho Snece tye nnd the wasege al rin
Crease sho fringe canary women. Me Hal sewers pinged
fev unragy’ of 25 gum lasing cna MEO inh ane a lta
UWL inh, The talasiad ps bi per nesting, ema Treney,
Jee for thi trocar uso fn Pig as cee 8. The effet oF
ihlertsie hosing ane ested ey cee wean e2 The esant Re
Tod wg ulong Uh irs deerme to gal ems, Ae per

(ol? Tequengy af the structure Tae Peston of che lower cca fre
fuorury is thea ceterined by the brent othe loedina perpericular to
hi gers, bullheigbt nadia, witout eensil'ychsuging sho ban
set asf, Lets the oe

iz ater to bts ants goin Tl eh Tego tae a in
iuaieated sete the bse of the fnwore whore the T magnetic Held are
Himes. Consuls, Use Boal asplier design wae based ot ae
Tain shown fv Fg, 1 inde tool the low sell te
sun grimasily by cho ‘evyih af #9 Foighs ly: Fding, and Es
Tite flected by shoal abtwigh acing, ‘he hig Cree otal
ia aetrminedpevrly hy the leet of roby detly in cone ith
She ees

Davelopment of « slifwclary ielator we esesial so the
since te fuby ga ses rsipmoal, Ad importa pert ofthe lator
flsign woe the luton of yemmest in er 7 sh Fevrizagaetic
resmmanee at the ru pusaumagoetie rownavn Sel A gromaley p=
Drown thin ile ae egued, al pryerystine ton garnet diss
sch an peek rain of Se rere re

That tenis ere serie a eonaednie asin st tai
ver to daveraine the pesarmsnewo the materi], Tet Sane typical

“The aetual voirne

jHvinm ona rat wih cu Te and 2 ob

twin efi: reverse hess determined Ky le aspuot aie ad the
siya liitatias impored hy the sowelate cimensons, The remaining
Draneler was he Toes the ike cho ig sare el

"The high Ve the hase ele fee pace wf he dake a pens
rar he hae; the were nwo spaced a smal distane- we tv avd
inveration wth he wall il cnphty abet, The dx were lca
ouiistant bebwi lingers Ieenne te RE Tra are snot eel
this rei, Finally a vompise arma ewe hig sean ase
fun Highcroft i ig he terse pti
the ih ltr le sngete ond the waveguide el "he Tolar
Te arrovese Ins 1409 ar forsant woe 10

(a nal maar esos reson ina ia ig, 2 xoag wath the mosh
tues tod the baa ve sy inh a eonaed in eoampose aoa
clic. eyaivaten. pete’ alning Huse the other de af the

omd to symm ras the bye Eisai of the ronson’ ctl,
ingame’ ne an Fig Ay gs jv a
the sping Ue Uva ths ee, at ze adultes, aden

{uate males co ie obs ined
neal sna pelage oi Pig 4 ‘The sy apa ad ent

utopias mere unis to chub elects eo
Ania ables, The ign cakes bev 9 ameter ef 038M inch eau ea
‘nombre, Lax ekctrial lees apo n these cables

Sine they aves bisher ke “on ies Haw nthe ine prt
the np. Ths soup see ane 0,90 we fn dane i 0
Shes islener. "The pimp sroqucsey waveguide Kira, aac
$l aon hort oper poids ave the inconsng Bmp
pence nally Sv tae too hase plo

aac 4
ps 4
t ae s
aos neal =
i 1 Tes
oT o

sovvue myenSé mV AST 4

“The eable aren sat tnwelingwase ses wlencnse ate Irate
aa tanto ee de with 0 iter lian early. The ofthe
fae hereon tho pul of 1 permet magtat whos fl ean Fo
Eajunted with muoble stunts The loser and magnet 5 mted
Sane which ave won is si nave fun ono, anomie

Fhvioney onan straints enor ated ge, te avon
itengen feansfor onto, tesa saa Toe snonitoring msters,
fe the warn cota wulvee 4 we

‘The wlse assent sms! jt Becca the antenna fed in Ue
ce atthe Pack of Fhe aus, beh aon ware te render of
aierowave movie aa she naw onig 20d eabbretion equipri't. Te

‘yueunen gun ie mole Toca at the bas ef Hs een
Tie skp mr aang chzaetenarise ae ws fallow

Ca ergy 25601 me
Instamanens® ardith: 13 me
‘Tang reg: ll me

vy eaannel ‘has
(Gis, exarnol IL ‘sab
Pans freee 1 ke
umn power er per ened
Maule Hels 2540 gered
Swine lnerare Rawk
Operon 18K
Pig ne AAV hon appease
elie capacity ers

Vs cis: torrie $e sneha eater Chon the expected °K.
icine eet ores he up anand nae, aie

Cogther reuse ibte appa’ 7, he ses paper =
fiving aba CA Using sgl “abwrcery toseader procedures,
show 12 Biss cf aeiom are need to fl Te evar

We ate indvbesd oo BB, Cia and 9. Hogg eho supped she
avichle shuat permaner’ negne! ad slciiond punoping exstron,
repretivey, We wh to ed. B. Gousie asa E. 0. setue huRo's
formvaing tsuneo ry ad the solo materi el
fe for thee many undid sygoedions, Wee aeknoledge the help D

$alvorsra in the mischiea dosign
"Th aeeu ene ial te ance. oolaonaon wih PA,
‘obra, who us respsle far Ihe crpngesis transfer sytem: wad in Phe
fi

‘ena ufthieevire fa Projet Heko wasn eomastion ite Natal
Aeronutes ral Space Adminentiog Control NASW-10

Sone He

ns Dane Fave 9 Diogo

At one vlag of the design consdoble ditealty sue expeicneod
wen Il device persiaes in Uving austable. Thoa> oxeations per
hie nnespected. vines they voce ie, wath sho passord of the
faapier and at fie; wney tee the olor sad tg exer
Irsere Toes dC ac sy we eerved ta Ube peso th Ue i
Tele magucts Sel ws nonnasioe re mich erower chen Wes 142
iT eon, av that aoe ira i Imogen wou E>
pee in tte pss. It ie xowe belie Maa ther oll a be ex
pained by atrnmsinis rode of propagation

“he proven mnciened, the hein IW Loan possi comtale
tho unre col wits che wilh penaelly controls the woper ext
Tip the ve: ol a smaleght descending, th ayer etl! ot
rapiy atvuctae en fhe] Fane the ber out Tee se vt
Tene the sttaskine ie Iawond wave; iy the wie red Ry