BSTJ 40: 4. July 1961: Project Echo: A Horn-Reflector Antenna for Space Communication. (Crawford, A.B.; Hogg, D.C.; Hunt, L.E.)

8.2 MB·English

PROJECT uCHO
A Horn-Reflector Antenna for
Space Communication

RAWFORD, D.C HOGG and LE. HUNT

By AB

‘This jpoper dese de mosaic femurs of the hare eet aden
sn for rosiing sinus rele eam the Proje! Beko ballon satelite

Uielpresenia in sie dal the rea hanerbilne (alton paserae
ltud gin) macs at feoueney of 2980 me. Trecally deiced char
seit with the monsareente are aa presen

i f fhe in the pene

Ve hncw-elesor type of arena we orgie Bell Telephsne
Teabosateity Halil, Now deme, in Coeur HMO! znd 8 now
fatemsive use the Hell Sper Inimoucuencal mieosrene rele
petwork: Tris 4 combination of w suite electromagnetic horn anal
Fefloson That 3 sector of «peda of xevalution, as usenet in
Tig 1 Th aps of the horn eines wish the fora the parabei
Since the aufero cst Iused on giomeseal ple ahd Bas nn
Fregueneg-sensitive lem, ie weet bela; sno pla

inating stave cre ya be oi age fro inca poise,
‘The an com is scorutally an fet plea astenna, so shat very
lite of te crengslivilent om ths felon Ge seers bar ito the
Teal pala impreance real De tthe eiding ele
Inc hom esse ad ack Ubon san

fs une, together with ge pete ctbeieney, ake the
lovtonststaetve for nse sate romgmnieatine syste. Tg
rata, he low si au oak les ins tat wh the em en
istmiedeethesky very lille view prs zeeived from the groanu*
the antennae thus t lw noiee trapaeer elie perme expiring
10m ra nana, wesomar THe soy, eta 1

Pig 1 Sas eLowi elaine a Lae volar wanna pri

ff To wna Fecue otthe maeor ani. Av eit le tt
eretune of about IC bas been menoure forthe nr weeetor Spe ol

Fig, 2 i a photograph of the bure-ilorne antenna eated he
Cruvfont Hil! ste of the Holmdel Laboratory and wed in the Projet
LEsho experinent"'To peat the saveana bee to be ditmted to ay
twit of the ley, de ssn matted ith tis ave of the bora

doula Recast this aie ofr cnklag, locate whi he
lite accenably {4 otal lua pia aie Fein asim
‘Th antesne !2abob 3 Gt gt Une Raa estan pres
Sgely 20 hy 20 fer, al the wer an “Sons The aa
seam signed I survive iran of 100 aes pr our

"Tie elev struc, iw hoe wad selector, 3s eonseucte ef
slain, Te eevetin wt, fot i austen, appt all rial
Toads and rotates ex rllee sien on the se fms AU or

tliat Tae te taken ys aege ll bearing athe spe ou of the
‘thi mins nl a conc ye Bet te
lunuscasseenon ANTENA 12

hora, ‘The hoen proper eoutinnes throng hie ering ial the cap
eens cab, Here Se Toei (pera (sition set Frm sje to
oud waveguide, «rotating join, and waved kets whieh prow
ile far the simitaneons reception of either two ortuogonul Lncutly
Doleized signals or tse egeutely planzed signals uf epee sense, The

sity 1 loote the eeesiver equipment at the apex of che born, thes
CSlnniing he leva tise contibatinn of eoanesting ine, isan
ingot eaten of ei enn

"The tngilar bate fame i onstrated of rae ue sel alge.
rotaies sm wheels gone a eemcer sine bul baring ty cae Fs
in inmoter. The ‘tues swiss of stseeheer, pane tel ples
ish wore civic adjusted io pradure 4 tke a vo nb de
fn, Ty fac the whens eathaped to mimi ding tin.
Asner oer ok abut 100 pss ion t sary ta ae
“The hor lanes am geo 2, ou bere Fi he ese

ss gerereted 7 wotvging Ise jetion Canogh thi ag, TE
there sey ener an iat sarares ete eta
fae ate scene 0? can There ae beatae ste typo of
iene nso am be see forthe cormane of
ectcy aut Es edo k itiealnginal ection
10N8 ame muLL ste meeuNieNt JorRNAY, JOEY Van

se intersctons of the Scout ad ek eon snes with the parse
loud of evoleion ae eisles in planes perpeaial (Ue wx of the
paraboloid thus providing geeorate sal roy avilable references for
‘ter in constructing the rellesors Nine necurately Evicted parole
bs weze sed for tho refer, om ed of ear Ising Fale to a
curved {are a eele} hoa et tho wheel wae the otzar end was ned
fon cvlewled on temporary horizontal ork table. ‘The ribs were
Ue egeshor by rose linn od iy lange angles evaceoeam, wick
fn tury me i Ty elim ee erica whee, Whe asin soe
hat mee he elerting stare wr then tester to thes: chse
Inove curve silos ponder tke small eurvasure sequied i tho
lane perpendin € the eb, Lt 98 eved Ml ier artaes
fe aisaruinyparsboloidal to — ch

‘The ants i dniven im cams ara elovsion by 10 FCP. ceo
ferent servo gou-intors® Pret ie tranehizeed by epveleeta (ith
teeth sei ly eat or rark apa ion ta vller eins ich ere festesed
to the vestiea whee and to ths plates foaming the heriantal Use
hp miller eli pve oo be 9 getsfctory subeticue Zor Taree bal
car; hy the mre of w nant sine ead il sndioara, the salle of she
Chains weve adit tole a 3bfouriarer ents Ua ae ouy ab
wut Qf. The main speod of ruauign in both wir h mal
‘levation in yw aon the masa uolertin or bush anes
BP poe seo per sean, Power for He Moe ent Te esa
Ssteaesne through a slipping orally ice Ube al. plywood bonce
Incated over the cen hour (ig. 21 Ale aletscal ects noe
forthe operon of the arcane azel the zecevi equipraent nthe cub
foe thnvugh he sien ase

TPostional informetou fe se autenna 5 derived from dote anise
driven hy huge {18 neh) azearataly ext amd aural aligned gence
Teale on Hie beans at the apex of the hors ond ab she senior of the
Twas fran, The date units contnin syrino Iris and aon
asZormers operated in nen, 171 we Si, ayer,

‘With the exception of se el To rane, which was fabricated by a
loca tel sop, tho antenna eas eanstravied od assembled by The
olin Letoratry supa de he dzeenn of I. W. Auer, ho
‘lo eollaboroed in Uh design. Asistance in the design wae ako given
hy H. Oleogon, S.A. Dasby and several members uf tho eleeeo-
chaseal development geoup at the Whippany Lebonitory. The Inter
Jgoup alo ws inetrumenla in pros speeal equipment such os
finite, gate ad alping assembly.

nee entra cana packages were andar sen and wee rod aval
tas entenn fa perfened well lets au muaaolly Saving
the Pojec Hels veriswnt Aros aubjeteg to winds of 2) mph din
iariace Liou, September 12, 1D, thant daronge. TFs es
tastomary fo dirogage the aincuth aprokel rive wh te eater
isan inner esa permsting the srmelare ta eu horse” wd ok
1 positon cf mini wind reserve,

‘Tho manner in which the spherisal mune diverges for The pee of

sod efits nt efi

ees fe} ae
Text us svernas roensaeal JOURN, FOL 1

ort, noha We chgeastsie woptide dation of the Tl
ned gy prov aking the Bema teverey, ita speial weve
fhe uvdergaes sve dita lenin ap I he paint bes =e
elven ly she pbc roll. ine Te ace
of fae prlec wsersiy it big. 4, We “eld a an unger,

rol top th cet ote hs ae der ines distance
enuivier hn adiion 20 the svarietiel chotectaiel? nf Rie Ty

Tn Tig, 2¢b), ttle of sete, F and {represen craneeere td
lating peltztien bv Mo pesjosed aperture, ace show On the
Deseo af te accra, Fe alle ty ae omen vd ft ey mi
sioveves, ar goinee emmmed trom che Eiseicr, nl f pooeree the
srriaccica eae iw ube pyosomdal hor, were an: in
FVned pith roneet Uke principal ayes Ate yale, Cand 1 are
broke dos bs cuncpnenta a eo ret cy, ical in
Tig, (0), ul let Use i apm eal he Bie Ce ne

ampave'ta h ond

"The npestre fel boing krone eam eloulte she Re a lone
alictae fin he can wus Ha ao she sa gated apwsiruain
by

Bo fi Ry a
wbere Bi epnsonts ary eo the msn 4 6, 36 al 8s and
lace andes in tee piscips pln, hire er cacaine ea tasavesan

Tithe ast of the pyranial bore The bangdizal ane contains ho
Imad Brean res, tae rues line eoncnine che beagr ws and
Fetal to he sv of hee, Leth 8 Pei fa Ee 9 ae
find nthe 2 pus. Bar Boho pene wa rs arias tion
Darverne! may be compte sing (23. provid Hoe apprepriae ape
Thue Eel covspenren! i ehaeea ‘he wurst ptiewie ake ow
igs 4, 5, wm dbohe cumves|; the exprinenil alas then at
eit Ics vl iT tae one lates, The I ose polarzation pate

tome in she Tong adinal pane ate so fe oT ge ine th ape
Fie uenjeuea een are anwar ie wi ape’ Hat lacs
"Tie snlitin peenes fr iracarpoksct!an nay be calles ye
rortining the sprapriats ywinspal aad cosepalriged worm
eer feud. Au evaiepk ot fe wach ven am Appone B. Th
Fea eienes rt ened 036 Gag lah

rea eeaesctat ts tty ptbns Bacall

1102 ae mau seer nuuunieas cocuNaL, 10h oH

A

ale ‘ mah
al | 4a Tah Pd} iad

(@ Lavcirupnn, soAeizTioN —[h) TRANGUEREF ROLARIZATIEN

awl Pa Foe ad Ro ee elven pea
‘sone che autena reves he deed (cranensietad) sneer
Pocatization, atd Hige 7/0) and 8!b: sane she waded somes, Nore
fomerinly ge, Hie a(t i the eemsrrnr pla, i whieh tee pa
tem any sayeemaeteie. ich eect te the §~ Wasa; in Fg, £8, the
tars ofthe main Seam irae 8, ~ 0.12 ‘This ee ia me seas
Atemanseatel by ating tat the ante ros br ehh a
fustarelyckwtae eno dnitaneotly, 8 wen! be hw ean fo
‘sue volarvad inelewt sygver she Seim, Tur one sme, en to

A FOA aad fur ecole tae — =i hele show
Thad gf Hee tea in sone plaiat ec mone
cf ayineray in she pee othe ezonepelatand comgmne eof Ue Tar
tite

Untorenarely, all the eaengy wich proceeds along the form does
‘tira th ga sia etme sane rao
{tLe gl Ube ne per, Aa elit yl sacl Fini Fig
Righy the nave again citfcted by the mige ache recor ene pe
duce petitions he etl ater, he hie thu pc ae
refered 20 a8 epilover labor: in Appeadie ID, mstaoa of salsule tng

nos

covruree care {oh weasves oon

Fig 9 really resid rit :

int asc Ee ea tae

Lem 9 discussed, ‘Pho pointe fn Vig 1 show the apilower eset ele
fnleted for longiaudital poariatinn iw the longidnal plane. The
‘axiom spillover ener ie 41 wale 4 = 70°; as inieated au che
joe in Fig. 11, hin cfers by 7 fon the getion lore eB
face angle of Bee Ine, ouvely, TE. For teamsvers potty the
fiover fle rmncaeduea bores othe cosine Slaibesion In te
airstin che Rem foe thst pcarnninw

‘The imgertst eeotiul properties of the antenna to be neesuns
re its ginal ail patiors a Rs trieney a terete Ue
ce 2) mes To nurs menstiaente, ie meena to pro