BSTJ 40: 4. July 1961: Project Echo: 961-mc Lower-Sideband Up-Converter for Satellite-Tracking Radar. (Uenohara, M.; Seidel, H.)

9.8 MB·English

961-me Lower-Sideband Up-Converter
for Satellite-Tracking Radar

By M. UENOHARA aad H. 5

A ftom lweraiand wponac
ee i pronun fr h eliteacing en wad Pres Feko.®
‘The amiter and ite power supply or aeparatlybowad and ae nataled
vay bnkind the tracing antenna, The ampli has ton fenton
‘nowt sfafctrly aed hos owned routine mane tks te Kea
elite rom con oh

‘This pope ders she daion cmsidecatons, and dete the apoiat
supe ton to sear tat the empiler mot he parioaas ayo sone af
tro wear aut svi, ses a operates ucuaione
ith emp pt eve ef ance af ie eopresaon

"Phe etiiclry operation of this ampiserconfme the grot polrtaity
of partie ane forsale, lena, gh requ erent

ffs ten spirit Asia te

“Th sate teasing raar aspen operas at yuten mul fo
suey 7 mae va Ira rede ais pre 11.7 ey
te outpes foquetey cf the amply i 10739 kine. The aplien ie
swe” wable an te ga emus onesnnt bog eres
The mee noice figure af the amplifier, acing the alsin mixer
suc LP wg les thas 1.6 db; the gaia water baa i 22 ll wad

the bane 20'me. The it power level that sede the apier
sais ye Li in —20 Tn

in howe sdshend nporation i omipleyrd, we are destin with a
rgmorative plier, shirk ie aia very neraiive “our emg
USE" amu main siento ceeamcan Jott, £5" 2mm

etn impedanee an fieinations in Ube power apply. his fea-
five bas offen been coweilersl to be a dingdvantage of paramctic
Ampliers in systems vpiitnsons. Lo allay wich fen special preenu-
tints haes ee ken Us suite the paranteic ampli. tn particular,
fond ialetors are provid te este the amplifer trom any imposes
figebon iors svend yp antennas mtnatees. Arg deetanion ih
pump freq.crry = omtinene eure hy om atematisHroqueney
onitoly ind al sowponents, peal those eas the dodo, am nade
tvtremely igi, testy cminging the possibility of impede vies
lone cave ey woecanial rabrutio. Tis only tora such eaceful
thewgn wd eupanering thet he rgenevativa device ea be, xed Ind
lau le ade into 4 sabe wal lable amnplier

“The sjstem roquianent« af Project Psa mede is woressary %0 pay
pucc. attention to the felling two pists

fei The nmplier hod to be tnensiive tw lange environmental
choses; his ws vereay horse the ample waa inetalod ey
Sehind the aateana in eader ts redice ealing losses. Ocheriey Ue
Shuerion he of the iat eeu woul degrade the noise performance
ofthe sytem

Ge) The gin compovason vlunatevatis had to be sient yd
that, with an inpss power level of —26 dom, ths sain would be el

bili fall he seal) gait; at cho eno sie, Hie oral spent
ise figure hail vo yess len Ld, This comprise spreeation
fame breause the ‘osinaan posible kgs ower fen the 8-ne

fetelice eomunetsions tame ws alu. 26 dbz st the rane

eis diffe bv sonst fer whi as Yow insertion loss ott
ne le prstsing a frequen ely 1 me away HF the gain compres
tion wers ver, th aa ipl Weel o? —26 dh, ee emplifier wom hw
Saburatel fy ho Walags sel al be rac eign sould not be de
coted. Tee power eve whieh compression ss in ran be ineesstd
nly Wy decreasing he yf tao campliber” Hoven, me mist a
A ynaty for doerciog Use supper gain, singe the overall spate
rise figure ineremson throogh the ioercas voine enntsbution of the
fhizer and TP stages: The onapersiom pre i thu? not optimally
Chlved simsly by decreasing tho ampliber going ie requsee ¢ cari
valnetign of the sive diag poraneters

“Dae purge of This paper fev destibe Tae dorign eorsiderotion aud
sho perforience of the ObL-ane empl with spec amphasis un the
ns aes aur ns an oman wl eve
‘Ehupwuion soe abot "=28 dom "= “tienes
procwatins taken to enmsne at eis ampli ms oho autem ==

The following were the speifestions forthe tm
be nie with the Projet’ eho saclitecracing tad

evamplitier te

CConterbasddroqoeney ‘a me,
vera sytem fe 1k db,
Tastes eve at 9 re fr in

ompresios of 1 ab dba
‘Tho amplilor bad to be svenditionlly stabi providing constant
isin ave inion pao of an bu Te wei ae te

aed as claw pole cathe eam rede i ing ene
{eaten in lhe aouplee

‘ecotding tts ssi the ample was tab parks Sn a
sil bos wish mould be sninted oi the hack of the parable dit
tse expected thet he omperstare ofthe environment f the smpiie
Towle Yacy ves a span of IVP Deters sadam ad midwiner
he porienmane nf “he aaplier bad ho insensitive to such laze en
‘ronmental chasge, The apie halo a be nmenative to meen ac

‘There are Hine proently revel aston makes uf aeration of
‘asiahle mettuare contmnittian amplifiers They ave all onkgerer
te aad ae, erpetively, he upper sideband, saree sdb, end
the elation ye. Tein the goal fqicy ad ee
oper leet Tinton, cote ta wither # pose
br negative seorance devin, sn rhe malar cebievabieepstets nose
Fisos dor uncoled ster a

P= 14% owerssdehand o retection

sn 1 the fete tangent of te ead hati Ft
‘ting ovulate tg Ube elaLinaip

= UF, = 1) 20,
shore Ps isthe tise Hizue of the svat
186 muy sn sYSORME MECSNEAL JHERNAT, FOE In

1h farsa above easuma she vacuoles to be totally noise sn,
further, at the neguive-redsance ruler may be operaced al inuite
sin, While wiser sesnraprion st be ean 200 svi ey peat
Tevertbeless, elimination of tthe nppersidatard devin fom tcajor
Finsevaren. The lead ‘emprsiuim may be estinatal by an opt=
tite emmption of 7-db for a taser 1 combine. Assuming &
Probable vale of wf order ca-tenth, thou with no oe consdens-
finn of nose ours, Uk tert wankd aeconn for alu Lf db in its

foe rig
Tor se Ingorsiieand and the resion types of nope este
hyve mini se anger fnaperaturoe operating a saat win conlition.

‘hey pve Mente nose Tyuers ad, az this gu uly the inde
Inge terns excee into sunt "This condition of vite gun is oF
thaly a agelar one wit eweempond, [n prize’, tthe aitution in
trhich te dle rygioraes atm kes well 8 Tose of the ies
Fevqnoney cavity, Viewing the ample back from the ilar port, it
Feteaponds to scr inpeshasceaounee, and he ior Teal mst
resporilngly be Geen inaitaly i power tbo be dese from th
foun Tei Fille wet in the eve of fnile gsi, thatthe regener-
tio noynineamuts of the onrersideband ampli require. hgr onder
Ht iniity of regonstion thn cme The zeGeodias cep 0° cy, nd
Ta by faethe mor veel th te

‘he we dra dar fon te ante gc sitio, the nagnive sour
impedance ries froin runs tag the ceiling toefliinnt tte ea ke
vise ries aer, The etait ise soxroes wishin. the Low ws
Testun aneessingly spuifcant in determining nver ll pesformane.
‘Tae eiblity siatdun i ularly revere’ it chal the frequency
tation avaible lnwersdeband ennverter, in erating oe
‘he serund sage noi, diss wd for Tegeaerive in ver
Tw election ceviee, ane The lowerdeband ampliee becouse more
ils Eo atin

"Thee were four esams shy 8 anodes pi os deste, in contrat
ti e-aeny bight gn, al hick evemonally mae Uke sosersdennd
conveeler the dened cisiee stem eorsieations for thw Lebo
rear:

“TA reasonably wie slit was desired avoid frequency sta
ality problems;

2, Tom igh gain Tends to compression problems

3. Viny lags ga ied to Sump ols problems

4, Antouna ematins rei eeerive isolation 4: high regenerative
soi) nd se i ated gh olan eran Loss
for Me Lowea sipanse Laceusveuen usr

4 se sebetion af vthor Be notion or lowers amphiien,

Abe fue rsa Ue peal ud to system noise performance for
“alte gain operation, The ota eetom vrmperstre ie
ay te
You ~ Bangi) 4 TE

Tu vthor amplifier type, Tis typieolly ofthe order of 1200°K, ane ¢
suis of 20 db is thexeush yealoqiace to usw tal lage i. TL
Ina ssn shat Ty, Fe aeL Haan! eC dorecees fm ins,
thea three nese aytea nie tvagwns romis ina ae
is sory nominal

Asnmiug a 20b smplior gn, Fig. {shows (sxe Appendix A) that
svhoiovot Ry/ly ~ 08 (that sestully emploged) demands 4 togenera

fariwas

Srnec earth) "
1188 ae watts exoma neem ZOU

ig. 9— Nein Hn Te sdsband 2 onan

sive yin af aout 19 ab forthe lnworsideband amplifier, wmost ade
pondeiy of in contr othe 0 db for ch refetion type. Further,
eshown in Fig. the bmersirbasd nese gre (wee Appendix B)
FciRy = 08, at which Io trivaly diferent from its minisaua valve,
* sgnnaty es thx thul fr the ration umpliive foe 23
‘The naremuers chosen iv essnating the euros Figs. 1 and 2 are
somes hitars, Bt seelos, typi! Tur np ofthe
‘ye ander easidensten

Tews ner the free of the above angaments, consis bt nite
sili and in, tak te Tower sideued auphiliae was chosen sn pefer-
tengo to the reflestion type

gute ma ian a iy id
ie Lawekatoranse e-cosvEnTE usy

hove nav no major requreets ne choles uf «lar dns
1 Tele to fe atime wens im mgd Us a Che

seneraine
2.Tt shld asa hgh 9 wlatvo to ie vorahle enpcity petion.
The Hel rmspicemet lows fan tye eins ch to hove sano

alle baacaAth al to avo Tere thing Morin obeniag adequate
‘eration wil the dds, Ths seal allows fous the ft thas &
ati capacitor, lever earl ia @, ramon provide a basi for
Aumplieetion, nd ite variability must he taken iso account, more
realistic detnition i given by

O-x
2c

‘hee (the state eapacitanee at che npnating pin and Cis the ew

Incite assorted wih ist yam at of he Fate expansion

ie ti variable charge, The quantity Qe thal value cvsveativeally
detinee for the stot capactenee, ad ie eque: to
8 cate”

‘whean fs i to spreading resistance of che dindo. ‘Tie neat asnmee
thes los eth to be ogg eecire, shies i ve excelent
confirmation experimentally

"Te ehoee ot the valu of Ci a moet complex one itis to be dane
comrstiy. Cormsporaling tn vale of ae se quality feet, shone
tshtggnerator and ld ingens whi riveniee woke Tenormin
tw these impedance Levels requires tuning elements whieh ane nese
Soares. Since the dnde, as a waveguice seater, i ax unknown fous
FicstE” analytic eoeieations, the congantation of that value of Cy
‘whi sigs tao gate mois igs not se geevabe

‘Tee actual ezetion of the stotie capac vale 5 inves and
spiel, Sie the eapceitve angedanee ret op ofthe sans store of

luce xe a of she gover, Hea eee of ye that fh

“This establishes the range of vals of Co, and inital vxperient ate
psfrmd tv rnge on a0 appaatly bese vale, Experience te
100 ran wenn sverua nuwunsen TONAL, JOU 061

Alezmonstrated he lta Be fishy bral we a proper seg has been
Fennd, sive the lag latent contrat Dnt Bide loss,

"The final pasting diode relates tthe mete of the
varnctor, Dine devepment at this tne hax pone in tye ditinet di
retin in fexne of in alls sowie pout-sontect amd th silen
tion sca, Axo tes wry, Ue gli arsenide fuoton Fr
as srs tn spore aver or, cogh my ye ell doe,
no he seletion was jot sere the aforementionss Uv

"The gaksura acwice ywintesintect diode as, +2 aly bin cae
heat aricved @ in prvi, nl £3 teo mitgaving fees

1 Canent's atsitleengasitee ane! wre Wh aa.

2. eng mils not ye: proven

Under thee crecmsiannes we detned mone adinble to hansen
ston junction voruton with a zen bs eaparity of 3. af an acl
Frege 0 re eons double tt equ to the gallina
seni ede, Mrsaterient ofthe slim vazactor show io pose
moalne of of 22 a0 00 ny which teste For ul peor

[As the Cw this prsiece a sare om sable eset sve ava
able nb 80 on. 7 mene te Tai na sen Yaat ef che oe ide
tra upsonverte:. Hower, ova i= eectater Id ow sala,

Tine lima and upecrertor wold sf have te aa Bie
pura application sce H poids better sable ee ene oem
resin, ead passbly even beter overall woke peefarmance, 2 ie
‘assed inthe previous tion.

"The mii ears of tae apliioe aren flows

Ip foqucney, J 6 m0,

Gaga cles equeney J 1073 fae foe Appandie I,

Pp dane 113 an,

amp power supply “13 leystron (WWE aia wich
AFC unit,

ins eltege:

Ri,

R ses

i,

ke
OMe TORT etvEIO Ne YeADNYE ni

Vunutor ae item pear jumtion lke ia
otal nail card

f il haus,
Estimated woe figure, 1.19 0376 dl (aupliter alone)

The roam for openstng the ide of aen0 bina wae to empty che
teupifier ry sete Fira the ssonce of choking section, there
Tay inov ing tall. By cing tis sal strife as mde the
noice figee, ser the dytgmic quuliy tartar dreresen rbot 2 pt
tent, fran = 22 r9 = Ul
fou any then. "The ty eit ua egw ts ae vad
Coupling nider the sn.pnp camfiion. ‘Tlés wrap, evan ws
als seleted ta impuove the stality ef Boe mpi sd “he ote
amps

‘Ono potential difectty in empaying a lowes sided up eonventer ia
:he output feeqneney ear ie o Aura se pa fe
stuesey. A slaw fseponey ait en, of eet, Le cuore AFC.
Speen, Hower, Ineiitions wih ane fe aad mal sant be 008
Pest alte ten. This Foul eased by sumpig he p-con-
rtce the Losal Eeguetic: gentevr gol a ae pz apo a
aed foe the wapifer. Tae oa! sedan svt afm bngeridoed
ernst ena Eas e-ytal-rontalle:malstalar Petts
fof the Sune insemnctice feqneney fs, Pvetore,extetly the ne
‘thas of the tystal elt.

“A bose ding aoe phocograph of the aanper any sown in Hig
saul

‘The frstondor modal of the parametric ampliiar ie well understood
sn aocosnts fr the misjor portion of design. The parameters of ti
rode aay be fond convesivatly from a rysematic stativ ct “ld
test” prin shih defines the central epesuting poi and che pam
sing! Tdelerinns a taning sd iodaaeerhvel loadin procadce
Dy iden ust tanec tether withthe rane ma
fete produred hy ce pape compli of sigan od tng vines
Tine fes-onier thenrysversrpliies sone od inn wx
dal pump vo age ving 0 the dae, au as dae wo dal
ceo fot the enzvaniee af Tan Phage colle chasar beri ea the
AepleionJeyoe "Ths laser effect great arom ali Ee hangs de
TY van nase sven nronnteat Ore AL, FEY AME

? om

oO
ey
hres

hia L fre

Teast

tn te positive orton of the mp eng end ineresns he eapasiive
Uhiseeptwe fn viewing the eyster fons either the sal oF ae port
‘The uel usp ning ie deine in an oqisrisa pence ofthe perp.
together vith ite eomaples nelrk msn route, eselting the ceo ws
hotinns vlement. Lalag all thivge il neat, the nal tuning is
fomapleled by a eynannie what” procalre

The hot tang rin be vos aoely by’ a smal bias i
rouse oo aoe of th ap excursion ni» cnn touch
rth Sune rival Pie winoatee the need for variable ning ole
‘ments in he egos einest here Ui fort wise sre mar.