BSTJ 40: 4. July 1961: Participation of Bell Telephone Laboratories in Project Echo and Experimental Results. (Jakes, William C. Jr.)

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THE BELL SYSTEM
TECHNICAL JOURNAL

Thin fue of Phe Bll Sate Tochseat Journal ie dette to eens
acesion nf Pont Beh, 0 3 ov mete eommnoaton con
Raced hy Bell Tetons baboresice wager th the National
feromenticn ae Spare ton er Prosi Sart the
Nit Btccach Latur, at the, The rt pope divert he =
einen! ct he ral old. flee by eeen mors dai po-
ers uch le ate the Prayest ks ae

Participation of Bell Telephone
Laboratories in Project Echo
and Experimental Results

My WILLTANE G JARES, JR.

fo huge 22, 96%, @ 60
snows iby tie etimel -ronates ond Space dra
trv. Ti ewe the fost of Sg a
my mene of ree af crs Sem

foe ii ta 0 00 cast ie st at
tie the et Propane Damron facity ot

fend nation is ore

Mle ‘ete ai
Resish

ke

th tanwekng af he bon
O78 uw ans rsa ameaieat soLaNaL, Jena amt

cention was scioe @ umber often wuingw sorely af man mth
‘ia, including frequency madulation sit feeb, ampli adult
Dpnetbond mubiatne, au! ancroe-bond phase matation, Curt
imorenent ee ae ace afte lex fie aaron pat

3 Betti geste Expert
5 Brant Tose

i Gort nik Oller Sllione,

1 Parnes of the Peet Eo Besparinute

sora yeute nyu Bel Teleptivwe Talueators Deon iterstid n
slunlying te eussity of proving long stance communication fae
Tine meant vefltina fe ata eats elie, Paitin
ABA's Proert Hs mus nderako ne ie rite slay fy Ui pe
pou, nd i hope! ht th flowing ajectives nual lacie

1 Tu demonstrate twsngy vole eomimstion betwen the es
ar tot rte,

fi. Tost Te peomapsion poperton af the mein, icing the
fli te atsnspieres the ingen, ad the ln

fi, eaves tT uss af vacioum hints of ollie tel,
proces,

iy. Ta dternine the sofas of ysive conn itatone satelite
of the WaT Ty

wae antcpstel thts these objecivas would be achioved peimarily
by eunrdneting opemitons with the balloon lnuzehed hy the Natio
‘Aeronsities and Spare Administration sad the auelite-tmeking faity
of The Jel Proyien Taluratoriss UPL) lose ai Coklaere, Cali
Toonia, abalone eld ale northeast of Ta Anges, ‘The Ms
routes ew a

Telrghone Lahocareries (HTL staion is lentes at Holme, New
Jesu In lito, ests were planned) cooperation ita he Nasal
ewarsh Falrt ony (SRL, fatty at Shun Nees, Maryland; Gen
teal [orks Heksetedy, Nove Yoel and etations i Bam

2 oven af the Beene
The dig of Fig. 1 lusts the general festaros of the experi
toent reteset ehanael ie provided Ry transtnesion fom a
{oot parabuivid sm snn at BEL 0 Biol paraboloid at JPL via
Setection ftom she alla, sing Fequesey of 90.05 tne ‘Th este
totem wile stapes fm ance 85-eot leh ab IPL to
Shpsiily manstnasted hor eerie antenga at BTV having 20. by
Soli. apse The alannah ene er crear pone
in onde ty avon he wspsiey of taking puazaton ding tv ace
Fe pase and wes tne lake Sus fre the JPL enn.
tind easntersioekwie feos the BYT nnterma,, Reiser ny th
Ill reversed the sw of roar of the field, so that dhe major
stv the ed ov hy Hie ce expected ty tare
Fonteecierdisine and tat a the JPL. ving dah to elo.
Ted an, the IFT burw xe ips th ween een: arage
py respond to ie chwkvsee compet of t22 ire sigan, oer
ivan moge norman rosrerng he trum oopersies of

1 it,
"Te hallo as ple aw ae exactly rear rit wish an
inclination of 7% chi pwd pide of usw ap to
haat 1 nates for RTT cans APL ed 35 alnutes for BTV und SRL,
‘Ther range trosy Hie! tote halon eased horwer 9600 an
ope ales ding tal pass

“The acity of NHL cmetted of Huge Cfo post equipped
fo ishor tnswsnit ue povive 2400 pe, Cncarie, both: BYE and
Nutt rrvived ftom IPT sting the fist act ow ecelite pass whi
Tee sae mutual vibility oerwoen APL sad BET Mier the ballon
had ovat for IPL, NIL ven Uric to TT, sing comatose
Hakaise polarization. On a 9° sues JPL ane NRE simultaneously
(Mhancilted to BT ashe tres le ene aspen’ mewrdee nthe
to BEL renner aking advange of the oppositely polaried tan
Fo Som ST ara AD. al ligt omnee an tansaie eequoney
EL nae ton of the 0 Sa

Ali al tena were tontected on 9105 esr at Holds, wing w
Deal siviser ant T8 ot goalie mar ype of apn on
“The wnnunnivstny fests were erie ch praising tregneney

rrnaner veo vn

imedukition with peak nes of 1D, rorotepaning to 20 kr devistion
This mo sins F rprosrmeat feo of se 29 dy pried th
rier tose rks (14) ae she FMC thers. “thresh
intl Ecko cesusltirs has tet improved relative £0 that of eon
‘er oval corner alr by the aplontion of epasive Fer
Toole PME dened or. The thresh npnoseswat fa roWulaion
fe Mia for 2 ub fone bout @ ub, wd occur at an
TRE eariey rte power rin af shou: 14 db reuse bat
feallnPouvign age st nuke tot eker types of rd, ede
Ssh eeand and fray wn ot plist so ef To index. 1 wis
Taimeied that ihe mascaaiza carer levels wuld be about ~ 11 dsm
for recep ie fs APL ie HTL we ~i08 aba foom NTL. Toing
he expe se ae exnpesacure ul areata, ssi ped
ftv, Easund mms Nie follows, aseming Nhe use of
rowan ines 10:

APron BIL A 23m0 es SN = ST,
BTL to JPLat Gime: S/N = 48dby
ML to DTT a 2500 mes SIN > SP ds

“Th signl-o-ncne (8/27) rain depose on the alll pasion, since
Iie eteeainee the five spave path Ia attarphenie attention a
hover ive tenncrur. Ores ages a the gio atu! visit
Tnewever, the Iuerbaml SA rata was expertes fa lw at eect 15 db.

Me seek som iily ofthe UT mevivers ie appesxintely —1t
Ahan, nich sormsqunds 0 efile aston temperature of 288%
fe ace hawt bcs shea ig detesin vel 3 lb blow
Tie avtnage ice pce Hier thre clita mbit ae.
Iivvnize ato nacenpesie to be Sh obo 23M ae at BEL, whieh out
Drea akg nig reasereate of bath ho dine a es
Pte smponruts et iors. signal, Metin Bor etl 39-
ein a wing tose shal wen ha provided

wa taiipntd that tacking the satelite aceurcely engl co
achieve te hopedelar signal levels wo be adel pzublet: here
foves saumocs of ier teeing snakes ie provided <t BTS, Po
tari she ents gem ae sited ta teleeypowrizer type ean
Palit eck singles fr w gen sete pose ‘Thie i vas sed on
Ibiiehteton ev vlatses pesoried at the Coddasd Space Might
Cer {G8UU}, Uroenbelt, Sela, sing sbeevatins ube
fron: tbe Mintek asewerk, Dosa the actual pass on elles
Spetcea the pin called or by the ape sad tho met satelite pos
5) ne eta aveTMAT HHS, AUN AH A

‘ion were then eore:ted yr manic of infcmstio dsived fom opti,
radar, of maximization of sho Zr eosived signa. whichever
emed beet ro sae under the cnitions af the moment, Alezustively,
ifn deve tape was erate ea ifthe swtellte ws visible, the system,
Fuld bec ta the atieal asc, ch es manually erased
ro two the stele. ll ofthe above sol were sorewsally noe
‘ie tine nother ft. ad thoy a ol heen peovided, valle
Alte wold have bet fs

19 Prato Pats

Tm order 1a gain exporionoe and ches the eepabitce of the eat.
ron antr of pels inary expesmnents were penforued sith JPL,
NRE, Linole Labovalnriee, General Elette, done A bel enon
‘logical smny of she fst sive i Tele 1

awe 1 Seana or Pantamsane Exmanese
caer ne ost

1k Mosionone Tote

0 Novemtsee 28, 1858, shot efter he inetlltion of tho WTD 60.
fot diet and the 10-ko, Oilne trenamitter, the Art eperstia wae
eM wilh JPL, Succcssfconsnet wa nit nid seme We eee was
wnat inti ena line Woke dosen at BTL wad wperatinss were
terminated, ‘This was the frst of sees of 17 ach tests wing the
route alee, estinn tothe days ieeticely proeling the
Theseetl usehing of Fao Ts Anguat 12, 1000,

"Aske ice ymogrerth none emaproen et ed at both terminal
ast Shelly en liry 27, 1960, toons lise voiee conan eetom
{drei was establised via the moon for the fix tne i history ug
EShglesidehard valultion (SSH), Valuable information concerning
fystem operation ond vant wie whtaios on all the sets tn
inwidentaily, some lemsting dts om the chanstertinn of 2 mou
asa reflect which ae suvanared below

1, betive sneering cnet aneion ia 8X 100 ans metre, ear
espn va pertetty courting sphere SMO ln canter. This
is compara ta valuesobtaived yer workers

2 Spwerh at teal ye SSB vith reduc! eneier fs of fatrly
omc in pvt ans, al url pers Helen
Tio of he neaker, ‘The quality ef rmsie ie much Uke hc neve on
Mont ware eum aves

3. Use of srs? Hoadeith rendulation sic wil degen the
tnaity, For example, FAC of se ie Hea only the fst sidan are
Droit procs voise teurason of wonsilembly reduced intisility
paced nS eclerdvagion 7 MT ice use inthe Hetoexperasenss
enidees spect virile i eligible

cst

ive suborbitalBaligtic tee on th balloon payload were mele prior
to the fal lane, Te Lnhings tok pave at Wallops Flan,
Viegas toca rere visible (ru Holncel, Bel, Telephone
Lalestoinspciegted the St hte, ae Zhe

‘Sotput £ Optically tricked he halloen co gain towing exionce
auc component shen ve trajectory

‘Shoipar 2 Siooally ausmsced a ¥shaeeueier co the Tinea
Labonstries slavon at Rowe Ail, Alesis ie the ballon,

‘Sinipas de Thay strvied esa of ce 8 tho al
[Hider eedburk (PRIPE) of O99 mag, et lo Rand TAL. Tae thes
‘ld improvement of the FMF deraalature wie verted

"Vtesing ay aga pica Ue bal
982 re wr vines MUCISIEAL JOURNAL, ELE 29

saa Tiros Pete

onder to cbc the Seuibibty of tlie trading by meuns of orbit
predictions bum Gosidard Spaes Flight Center, sd oo mae sure thot
BTL, JPL, and NRL indeed reves statics in proper exerting
eatin, a nomber cf racer ceaneisson tote ws rection from
Te I wer sshd. ho stl abe aed ow orbit of thia anita
role iy ue mens eat anger; ewer, ocr
Lets with JPL aed tno with NRIs wine aeiowed On sn pases
twas Iniefly serv ically, ad is ston ated Uh wil D>
Of al rie

With the guoeesal tevsinavon of lage peinnay experiments, ib
was folk that the BTL statin was in tadinns for the Proje Fao
seine experinent

(Mot of the BIT. faite for Pree Rela are lee on ta
Crasfond HM, Now Sens aan’ 80 rao th that
New Vork Cigy, en 10302" north latte sd FART” wont gid
Av Saal paca dal other gpm sed a the teak g ler
a sts a The ill oat oe ll ies any, fn omer
Sea th ioation helen fhe tramtited signe tthe Toot
dish and sho tocar verives: Fig. 2 ipa general view of te bill ap, al
‘simple ees ign eso in Mg, Ube all ligne
Sav the phutiyraphs tise oho vurous pores system egies
folks

Buittng Tecan Contents
1 Nest toufoot dish walle tamer, motors
eco sr al} Spe at qi a
manesier, FMB deers
TWX tarsal, aio and si
sal lve readers

8 Nest ra haa ora seevo deve, helinn rorovery
int

4 Acoma hiltay Dace ryne wd mation eine
wea

Pooler” Next tw Building? — Plating wend, okownge, smgular

‘ut wat

The ayenn inky sntntraed in the Gillon ing fret, aver
nasi nota os

sn eall ena oratories ka tlie fain Cond

flame Bus ware devas. deaer ptions nf corssin umyronente the wader
Touro te eompsvonm papers his ees"

Pranamiting Site

‘The BIT tnavanicee is comenenaly avilable tem hie ua
ee nana division of the Tatra Telephon ed elrgraph
Chung, and ptoviles Miko ouspnt wish an ester angele ot FAL
iva arksst py tsb he. Ly ope te aby te wae mai
Pj Ech hor ois Fs oped wth etal os

titers sl nvning fai,

Deetalys tr tnrantter provides eo ena sige. ns is contend
sg nenes ne yd doe te the amen ne, a mah
Ine ed wilt FAL ob anions fear 1 to 0, phase anadetion {PSL
With 13 sion inde, singe shoe dation SSB, Poubte sie
Shi nvalustion (DSB, AM The sacdufston bondi wstonds
a = ———
ca ~ {

ft

Seat 1

Fig Bloc dingram ftho BTL aie

frcms 200 $000 cp etvemnang bo a vatiscliry eesti
“The lh gp otter a LNG ea, eal sean to forthe BT
vada. It i amplitideenedniaced by’ a square wave sshowe frequency
nay be ward fom 15 to 100 ef, depensing on the range of he abel
tv eke. "he poner pts eh eunes my be acepen deny
‘acid “nan be 10s, eet sn the resarition that bei eam eu
ese er. Naval the cmmtsontins chanel i rt at 3.3 he
ai the relay haved al 2k. Thesinaltanesns age of thee (0

anette che daar, This
ploy a Kt sith fan extra sais aerial ge a
I eescad of 2. A gin ae tan A lly ada, 39 ra
caly @ watt a ef actation instore, The Kyla a firly

Jineae eanplication chneateseia, and thus ean handle rhe various
rsciations list thot sppivrable distention or cms naan,