BSTJ 10: 3. July 1931: Developments in the Manufacture of Lead-Covered Paper-Insulated Telephone Cable. (Shea, John R.)

23.8 MB·English

Developments in the Manufacture of Lead-Covered Paper-
Insulated Telephone Cable*

By JOHIC RSE

sete ld rfc Sat ra Spc fia ee

Exit pedo cic tng ofthe Fae ale Sea of nee
sce ee ome al t e Tanore Cabk Mae fe

JAPER-INSULATED leud-covered_ieliihone cable eoastintes

npionimsiely 25 pox cent of the Bell System telephone plact
‘Phe eowt vl vew telephone table eich yee. iteluding installation,
axerages SICO(CINU, —Peeligments in tke process end. equi
te or ite mmvecture ane nuserous and have teen Tange 690
Turing fgcrer in dae estlfishmene of s high sensed serine in
the leng-d.ssce cosumunication Feld. The peoblems involved in
manufacturing enjcasering sre estremiy inlereting “oth from an
‘unui and ternal stazdpoine tothe merkanieal nal the electrics
fouiners, the physica, aad the chemist, avd the iustratins whieh
fallow contsin fnnlamental ongiverring principles of we in many’ es
tidus

Telars prusrsine cirectly with shese problems, « bret eucline of
show sabe ne ite assoriatl apcrctusfusetien inthe long srance
Eimununicaton feld wil he of valse. Altse preventing this broad
Dnt, the bull ofthe paper willbe devoted to en engineering die-
Cusnion of developments in the process and equipment for manu-
Fring cable laeracel Ty rere invents inteedused i che
thou cable shina the Wester Exstrie Company a7 akimore ane st
lhe Kearny, New Jersey, sed Chleago plants,
Guseat, Fsromeation os Use oF Cantu

‘Phe raid inet wit which cables bing added to ee tel plane
inustrated cute srikingly by ig, whieh shows the present aad
proponents iv eable is comparizon wish open wire and eater

‘ ry, 7 1. J

sinouite? ‘he future sooo thiceapunss i seoa Oy Fa. 2 biel
Idiezee the aresert se propre ie tll wale outers the Ute
States, The exiet program oz which chose cabtes wi! be excended
wil cag ava "one 1d the usizees develope: however. defaite
finns plne hae, kee autined co extend she cxble to Omaha. Ne
Iseka.* and aetaes te eon nent he San Framtien, Hines,
ain] inven che eapaciy of evarig see ies.

he elements of « (yea cable ronte are ilatrated in the New
York to Witislnngh eae ehart shown fv Fig. A Pieesburth call
crisinating at » subscriber's etatiom, for essmple, ia Yonkers, New
York, pases throu the toll boned of the lea tlepnone exchange 12
the tll enter lea! at Walker Street, New Vork City. At this
fins the connections ar cwnplete forte call to Pittsburg rou
the wl eableeireuts sma rete stations bern the tenets
"The epeceh ents ss they feavel along this etre cin fn
incensisy, Tesi, eile placed along. the cable rreuil st regular
intervals reduce (Ie lowes to a considerable degree hut even With

Sar ons

Save fe

ee ial

anprosimetey fry miles bs lana sbe cucray evel
The amount of wrasccaton vequice fr itegsle speech waree
Wich te resetence of the cable ctdurinis wien changes ith the
femperacuse, In ocde: to regulate the aust of tie amplieation 40
compensate for thee varlations hal known a plot wie regulator
is installed a> crtnin "rpesics priate which automatically adjusts the
sin of the repmaers Uo sincet Tor te ehangng ie ne
Tilfeatty salen experiences on ng, lines dus to the voice
feurents being rellcred bac t0 the svesker. To prevent this, a
{levi i provided which antemaiclly short cleus one side of the
Toning 15), Va. Vil, Pl "Tope Repatea”
E.R aa Eau ee

a se Fe tons

Soe OE,
line while speech is being transmited in the nennsite dnetinn am the
ter side This device isn aes np” *

‘The enormous iaereasos in long distance telephone trafic together
with the necerily of provieing berrer tennamiacion quality in cor
recs with rain ronvleasting* and trane-cceanic messages, have led
ta common ces clianges in telephone plane with mare exacting
Feouirements for sasuulsesue, To permit xdeqnate and pred
Femina ssniny of loading cols aed repeater stations, the cable
tls ys beuchast insite definite eapaceances per mile. There
tas bea suainunt ot unbalance berween rivets ta insane Pht inter
Free evmetal” ie ele to a ‘ow vale. To hancle the ever in
creasing Foul of messages promprly end 20 secure further ovecall
scones, cables are being designed with guestly ioveaced auaaber
fof mite pair, [nt of ppeoxiaataly the usual ettaide diameters (>
termi he ase of existing cable dusts, A ot theee design problems
toe selected in the machivery ard methods of menulacture,

Mosumscrme, oF Conn®

Aggies! hmglanse upline cable (tell cable) coasts of
“qua (Gontie mim) papeensdled deulpte copes wire
{No 16 vo Xo. 22 B.S guage) il pi layer conection od
hve witht lnaltinaeay ny exch 23 in in lamece ad tn
Cie (ie 4)

"he ca meteils for such cle cuit of ghrgade eed in pig
form, anmoilal hlrulyie taper we, 806 “sege "amo call of
Suniesupe woolly wows the Bit operetion conics of sting
Jterseceelloa pape aio aka gee pace Tg 8) Aswiet ni
ier of these pda placed in an oetiing sae ne wld pi te
purer wa tleenpper mre in sp! forma! hcl sed TA tn
SEOD ean {Fg 6). Theineulated witecane piv very corel and
then placa ina snacking which fat wat pn ad the fore
Chey nt fe quads (ie

“Te cade af wile thas Briley ve pla itn a sirander, One
ayuat serves as enter abo which ie uaa lad alternate
{ihe asthe material progres Tough Doe acne (Fig. 8). Sp
oRh BE Demag fetch Sone tag eon

TB ee ee Sig Hy Diane Cable Ce for Sega
TR ASAe Rls ive ants a foci of anattrog La Covered
ae Caley CPi nee tine sa ee
Ben nc Nevere 8h Rt a So Ye a
by stop fe ieehus bit up, ore Inver being apne each deur wi
the fl sus caved alas which an oases weep of apes fe
sondind 1 slain the ialeted wires ia shape and alee serve as a8,
iia omalation oan the cad best

All epiione cable for Local service fexcrange cable) wail recemly
vets mile iv nie) the sarse maces. Recently to sev penceses
ave completely revolulouieed Ht aanulaeluve

Duneer sineuicsnes oo Woonbne fyscrarion
“tae process end “chine veren'y Aven in mpply wad aula
sive or wire umbines the elepeof pepes making, sting, (Fig. 3) il
incl Fig. some eatin, and ges 9 continous ve of
‘tie arta the wire
THevemially, the process comet in forming simultencously um 2
inated cylinder paper machins, 50 noerase continuous sheets of
paper, wich singe strana wire enclowe Sn wich sheet, pressing the

{Excess muisire frum the chert sing them sown by wana of
anil vutsting pulling davon, 0a to Gorm a uniform rylindrieal
Cig fe ear’ he ire al the lenge wae ro

hes cueting by desing

=
‘|

Fig & Sih of

“The meter wed in auaking this iaselacion is Kraft pulp, which is
veepured ler ust ca the aneehine by beating ae fn she ordinary per
‘aking operates (Vg. 9} and ted fe the machine ina somewhat moe
‘lus tat than in aandaed paper making practice

du dhesry, he whale process empl, fi rom = praeteal ston
pint, many interesting pavers vd 1 lve bere satiation
Seetation srcs reese: A swum supa al wire wus he fu
ished as vis nt evihin mvstat the machiae dowa to ckenge sxpply
probe, ‘Tse Laken exreof oy removing the wire fro te eupply
Sieul hy vise ula lige without coating the spool. ‘This allows
tine ta hae the end of te wit fom one aprel athe nex, Onvary
‘neal! copper wire has 2 aoosuniform tesface due in pare to the
evil devwing eupmel. A satitantocy auface ie obtalaed by
pasting the wire Ghrouys an alernatiag-cunrent electalytic cleaning
Bath befone it eaters The paper forming machine, A narrow sheet i
Grrl os ea side in a oeinarysinglecelinder pape machine,
the tctd of which has been Aide fn 5 parts hy means af calcd
stripe ancl op armel al a port of the sheet of paper is formed
before the wire nies in cael with it.The venainder ofthe sheet
isthen lai slow top of the wise without any break in she formation,

sn the reeling naerow sibhoa cf paper carries the wire imbedded in
je Thus fly conductors are being "sn nies sinultaneonsly. TWO
sets of pues lls tle te evens mate ra the sheet el Ise
it ceady for the pokssine operaion. Varioza types of polishers have
Fosse! le ae ty i uie consists of two short, epectlly
shone lass, wit. thin! lee Ineated abou centrally tothe ote
for These polishers ace rotated very rapilly around. the wire
vo BELL SUSTEM TECHNICAL JOURNAL

(ig. 10) Their construction is such that if an ocessional lamp oF
Tnesk orturs in the sheet i doce nec cause clone of the polisher.
Prisha! wet iasuletion caizics about 70 pec cent water by weit
whieh hes to be driven olf by heat. Thre esa 254m
flectrie bax-type farmace, ith heating elements esi The

cngth of she tp, and addtional heating elements in the fist 8

section ofthe bottom. These eleraenesae thrimtateily controled
fo that she serpentine of the fursace can be set a0 42 Act to cme
Chacring lf ie insulin assent Usough ee dee (Fig 11). Tw
Svoslig positions ae fuse at the akeup for each wire, 20 that
fb soon ae one spo! is full the wice can be ett ¢o sn ey spol
Sad the full spool removed (ig. £1). this way, no shutdowns fur