ebook img

BSTJ 10: 2. April 1931: Overseas Radio Extentions to Wire Telephone Networks. (Espenschied, Lloyd; Wilson, William) PDF

14.3 MB·English
by  
Save to my drive
Quick download
Download
Most books are stored in the elastic cloud where traffic is expensive. For this reason, we have a limit on daily download.

Preview BSTJ 10: 2. April 1931: Overseas Radio Extentions to Wire Telephone Networks. (Espenschied, Lloyd; Wilson, William)

Overseas Radio Extensions to Wire Telephone ‘Networks* by [LOYD ESPENSCHIED af WILLIAM WILSON “yg cefepime LEP ee ‘Serra pee stot ey “ey saa Sete oumsoceani eked heen simon ross THe pro wih fz eerie cormuition making in ‘ping the worl tnge:ler is perhape nowhere more intereatingly ilusested than in the davelopmercs whirh ae mow {alee place inthe sterconzeetion of willy separated wire telephure fnvcorks by mears vf verses radicteleiewe ks. [eae only & fey yeers atu 1927, cht tleplune service was int exended across the banier af tae Narch Athewic and a begining mae i the inser foumiee ion ef the goes Heepltone network n° Now America and of urnpe., Rapid progres las soon made since chen in the further dle velopment ef the Noreh Athntve faslies and iz the evteusian 0 Teetoeeeyiine inks ftom these wise tsleaione neewores watwaed it ‘oer inetions uacl today sich links spss Large parson ef the lobe ‘ince ic ie ie aacace of telephony ht the ereuits are employed presnelly by the telephone vers St is necessary that th inter. Connecting bake be of 4 high sandal of travsmissin effectiveness Sine be free fiom interesenns, leo it ig impertane Ural they be Feliable in opeeation and concinoniy available during the operatn Peis, lor the wafulnees of tlephowe service is ia pare depender pon its being funtediasiy availabe us eall, Although hese re Tieements are not set being filly nie, the ciccuts already in opera~ ‘Hon are very elective and are proving wo be valuable additions tothe ‘works eommnicadion Flite “The progcese which is belag made amd the problems which are arising tn the ceublit seat of these spats self Che emudinetion “r telishone neranek appeal to the Faas tration and caallenge the Tet eCoris of cizamusicetion eagineee [specs ie his evel ef inleest to sade enginers since !2 this pioneering stage tie istensanuccting ks are being forged by niio, | Work ie sls going forward ia the developmen: af new types #eubmarine tele ots rtispiepose acd undoubtedly sts ables wl in ime lay large vis eifying the move impov-ant ff the world routes. ‘The ria par of the picture, however, quite nou in tell end this pape is, erefore, largely nained this ae othe subject, ‘There giv lal a eketch ofthe wie elephone networks and the interooanecting Hake a2 they exist toiay, stm, picture of the Tamang setlts which ate beine obtined in the operation of sane of hese ovessae Kinks, and Filly, 2 disewstion uf che more Unpostant penne: il probleme involved aa ie radia trae niting medium, ‘Tus Eussrse Woatn Tenement Prone A sinplitiodpictnrs of the present telephone development of the world is giver fr fhe nat of Fig 1. Oaly the principal creas of tele Dhane development are init Hy We sbaded portion, and only the tore imipucten sonvee of che wire metwocls have been sketched in, The Sigur ve the apacosimate nie of tellnive subseriber in each caseinent sre Thi esuree these neewurks which give dicot access to nllions of penple i ofcce sal heines and permit oF the persia eemties Which characteriags telephone rommenication. It is natural, chere fore, that they Suu be the foundation of the world-wile system Iwilch is cowing up. The cpt of hese networks alseady spread ive national bottiearies xa thas Uke engiaecting problems pitas Ce of inerconneting the networes, generally comprising geoupe 0 Counties, rather tha that of diese Incerconneetng by radi al of {he cumpmnent eswacies, The points within cach network at whit the inceseonnecions afe made my be exerted to be determined largely by considerations of trae ad of operating eficeney. The sllferenns of time and of lanzwixes betwern Thee widely separated frees, and, of ene, Hie eapeine of providing reliable inerconnec tious over these distances are farts whieh will ata iit the ‘line of use (9 be mae ot these n>mtertions. That they are des- fined to full 4 very real oz is already proven, however, Dy the ita whic ace neve being xiv sneer ere ener nt Devious oe bereneowsncens Liss “The presen status of the development of these ransnetanie aio tecentione links is llwtrasal in Fig. 2. There tre shown the ccuita ‘ehith ae it operation nt al the projects whieh have been morte fs uniervonnkleration or unler coxtstruction. These telephone paths Wil be vbserved to correspsi in genesal wich the routes followed by The ose sekeapls and raditelegsaph servers, lace wich the wade Fontes of the work, lng whith commit of iacerese as Ten But Ube Thus a ceria onerty aoramgenent of the serves being, ei wally Ta ooh, there may Sead Wo Le Eve saee groupings: 1. The Nevth American-Europess comcetions, These ar, of cours ‘of outstanding inpurianee herause of the economic and soci ireves: whieh siete berger tha to cmatinents ane because they cmnort with he large elephie wire networks on both Sides of the Adantie, Noreh Aerie sal Exp rambined ‘soi fw about 32 milion telephones cw af worl txal of Front aS ill, Lae prerent staasiom the Nocth Adan ouse is diavnse later 2. Nrwilt Ameri-South Avaric, 8 Souls Ameriea-Europe 4. Kineope so Aries, Avia, ane! Qoeania, ‘The conrestions t9 Africa el Oana represent shee leest whies some of the Eur pean valine have asociaced commsonweadte soa ie clones Ih Amerien to Pacihe points sol the Fay Fast. These are in the comsritko a poet stage 8. Ned ‘Mat af tse services ane bing von pean bas altuous that autuee the Novth Atlantic has heen Jousd to require shor Seve ancl that becteen Nort ane Sout Arnecea is for ehe fall Uusiwss diy. Some of the circuits Fo Ennape to Souths Amesea and de East Ladies are not ee eanected fly into the wire ele pn aetwave, “The charts whiee are i npevation between South Amiesiea ane Europe inetd of vnmeing int Ihe Eucopean acto. ig micas ota single stots are shared on a pact tnt suse by seve Stations lcste fn sifesent counteles fn ‘he rk Tine in the ate ‘One advaneage ot the noe w!ealio for tse services, particularly inthis prangering stoge saving whieh cramie over mary of she routes is kely co be stall, i the ability (0 share tae we ow erasing Sutnel ge between & numberof receiving points where mize lines te tio valle, sepresatative ce of Fis Mind Reuld be tat ofan Importane central station linked wih a coatinental wie network from ‘which ic is desied to establish connections wich a auaher of xnaler futlying pointe, "his posiiiy fs not ae sane se ik stay appear, however, hecause there encer the problema of dveetive antensias, of sifting frequencon it widely diferent distances are involved, and of ot permit he eelara tracanseiot > be meray eae thas het ing Iravantsionw viel mies Cee we of re atively wert ations a thenndyag pobste Tt genera thew shortwave stations Teprenent rather lange fuvestinents ad in working oul teroonmecting {vtangenieats of this kind i is important to fit together Ibe states ft the varias saints a vine It. ciel aa ta nei Teaving saons ia idleness None Artannse Facrurns| (OF te fur ciscuite wich Horr exist assoes the Nerds Adantr, as indicated in Hg. 2, one isthe long-wave circuit, with which the service ‘was orginally started, al three sve short wave vreus, The dashed Tin, shown inthe fre, hetween New Vorkaind Lonel indicates an adicionet long-wave vet whieh ix pannel. "There also indicaced inthe fuze te ship-to shoe telefon service on the North Atlantic ‘hich connects withthe land line network om either aide, The tarsstlintic longwave stem hha alealy been the subject of eechniel papers ami net! not be describe in esa. Te operates fn a single aleshandlraerier pprssion sytem in a Sreqnoney baad Centering a0 60 ke. The able desusndsysens i ol ty saiice The fey spe asc “The single In une adler or leeasmision in the 86 directions by means of voice actussed switch ing devieewat the New Yerkeané Longon terinals. Vor the purse it nivimising che principal itation ef ong waves, tat of statis” the seecving atatins a located as fe sort a3 is reanaably pose snd oe i mate of dveoive veceving antcanas "The thnee shortwave cicuita which have been provided ev the North Adaatie route edd mateeally to che wate capacity but are cratic ia their behavior andthe wefulness ie deverdent,'= a large sneceure, upon being epeeated in combination with the tore stable iiweve cri, All Une shar-wive circle sre alec sally by the advene cvalitons sesompsnying amelie rior, wheres leng:ave transmission i not materially affected by dese conditions fsnegt at nigh The sud ‘og wave cenit planet up prove sna bsnl coasivation of Fits a well oy alo the ol "Seated bowl. Piblaply 6, ete sivult capacity actos the Atlantic. In this connection, ie should be tule aby that a new type of submarine clephoae eable is under ‘evelopstese and is planet to he il across the North Adastie when Prmmpitied, While this cable will provide cnly one Lwo-way cireit, Tivespevte bs bs toe com atmespnecie dituebauces and 0 fate treaty the telephone serview helween North Ameries and Europe ‘The ehinnhoreteleluone service whieh is being ven on the Ninth Atlantic includes ald sition connection with Pe ld line net "bots she Tated States aad in Kaneda thovagh thee Lae stations service is give io mist of Noth America ard. Western Ennope, Four of the lager transathinlie vesals are quipped. The seevice may he espeeted! to inte fn ine aldriewal shove tations find anya: vevael, Leis aa example of a ela of serve for whi slo alone Is avilable, thot of extending tlepione vervice Lo moving erate tne or ee Storr Wave Teemiour Wich the esepion of the long-wave circuit aczces the Nort At lanti, all of she Finks fliete in Fig. 2 ese of tie sho-tovace tepe. ‘eto these ditfesent short wave ations throughout the work, Use is of eourse,conaderabe fence tween Use in the requirements chick are beiae met and the yecformnn cbisived. However, the ae fundamental princes set being followed Za of Use arnries nil che murtsave telephone sechnigue may be said to be rather, Savackably alike thcugaaue the worl. Transmssion ie on the of Ung oule sde-baod asia since the nectoity for narrowing the Sand isnot of great inertance inthe pseu tate ofthe art ant the cial of se siden erate ig Fequcacica in very meh [rsater, In general, the tsusanittem sce of the vacuum tuhe Loe mploying mater oil re which ate stepped up i fequency a in power forthe final Imwsuinsna;dietive antennae are eployed for hth transmitting and zeceiving, snd in che zeeving epparatus use iRmade of the daube detection princinie wih ie suTvantages in goin ‘lable oesation with high arapliticasion and hig selectivity in che enue of the raliesplone stations Which connect wit the United States, the short wiv telninue is futher characterized by the use of tranemiting vets whieh are provided wich a plezp eystal fucilator with cempert ure conic feo seabilaing che tna Ming frequency, ar! the tne of interchangeable cole Which peri te re fauency of the (ransniter to be enanged in keeping wth the cequice feu fy Ue diferentes of the day aml year. The cari otepat ft 13 hws covesponds €0 a peuc uuipas uf shoul Uw. The fat power stage of such ast is shown in Fig. 3. ‘The unite marked 1, 2, find 3 ave the water jackets lor tice of the ax double-caded, bin tubes, the other thrce being on the other sie of che mounting. The ceva iso the push yal eepe phone and Telagronh Compan, Lawvencerile, S. [Sie 1 iv robes ped SES Reo pee sow gn een meek ‘The sadia receivers employed ia she Usited Staten ace built so ax to have low intiasie soise and wufcient gain to enable very emall eld strengths, of che order of 1 gv. per mtb be detected and eased co the required telephone spesch ‘evel. They ar equipped with asto- imctie gain canted which wniiane the fing ¥ecetions ia apoech flusis. One ofthe radio receiver: rpeyl al He Retoongy Ns J Seoviving stub lshated i Lig. The amteraa lanes brousht in benearh she oor the sancentie pipe which are seen Sa eggtirenmctahans Fine ab the right yn soviet. wih the ApOe of che wea tT ape Tes lrand penel, The frst wr veniea aus eee che rie el rue incing the autorscie say coma ‘The thi! ae, a he ah inclaees he yl snlcacoy asd conseul aude Tie onnaesing Th goneral ve wavelengths ave wee. ee aca LIN C8 revert one roamed TD ee. (21 vets ore oun 9,00 be, 1s meters and cach transmitter anal nenver is arranged «that F co eerie ah any Lew wil aie es ae gel for tech i theve Fregcenry anges. ‘Tve heater sete le ae About 1 db uver a one tall wave anianda. These short-wave radon laleplaie Cuties which const the Aesisen telephone neva k. dvidh Eunpe an Stull Ameria “ave eceacy been the eubjert of nial papers "and nocd not be described infurer call. An alr view of the Lawrenceville. N. J.. cansaiuting station is given in Figs 8. The linger af ln er Si of trem pt he sone, for the thee shorteave create i Fagan. sol the some ine twa che antenaas fr che srg vient bs Ue Argonne. Some cea oF the magnitude of the wea employed fe thee shee wave recite may be fad ror this photograih. Te ager Five of seria i pprex:nate’y one ai ke pcm ing of xenty-one TAS. lowers Sthetantia! Gresrot buildings are previded tor the carsmiteng set anutauviary equipment. Trobably every eperating 2geney See Leal

See more

The list of books you might like

Most books are stored in the elastic cloud where traffic is expensive. For this reason, we have a limit on daily download.