Table Of Content

BSAVA Manual of BSAVA Manual of Canine Practice Canine A Foundation Manual B S A Edited by Tim Hutchinson and Ken Robinson V Practice A M The past 20 years has seen a remarkable growth in the knowledge base and a skillset available in small animal practice – the range of specialist information n now available may appear daunting to the relatively inexperienced vet looking u A Foundation Manual for a concise answer to one of the many common problems presented in a the consulting room. The BSAVA Manual of Canine Practice condenses the l information from many important areas into a single volume. o f C Written by vets with many years’ experience in general practice, this new Foundation Manual aims to provide the first port of call for the busy a Edited by practitioner faced with uncertainty over a new case. Common sense, first n Tim Hutchinson line approaches are given in a problem-oriented setting stemming from the in nose-to-tail examination. e and Ken Robinson The BSAVA Manual of Canine Practice is divided into three sections: P r ■■ The ‘art’ of canine practice a ■■ Common consultations c ■■ Common clinical presentations t i c Quick Reference Guides are provided throughout the Manual highlighting e practical treatments or techniques. CONTENTS: The dog-friendly practice; Consultation technique; Preventive healthcare: a life-stage approach; Nutrition; Reproductive management; Considerations for surgical cases; Euthanasia: considerations for canine practice; Dealing with emergency cases; Acute collapse; The trauma patient: assessment, emergency management and wound care; Seizures, ataxia and other neurological presentations; Behaviour problems: a brief guide; Regurgitation, vomiting and diarrhoea; Abnormalities of eating and drinking; Lameness; Paralysis and spinal pain; Lethargy and weakness in endocrine disease; Hyperthermia and pyrexia; Epistaxis, sneezing and nasal discharge; Oral and dental problems; Ocular problems; Ear problems and head tilt; Abnormalities of the throat and neck; Cardiorespiratory problems; Abdominal pain and swelling; Urination problems; genital discharge; Skin problems: a clinical approach; Lumps and bumps; Disorders of the paw; Conditions of the anus, perineum and tail; Index Tim Hutchinson BVSc CertSAS MRCVS Tim graduated from the University of Liverpool in 1994 and has worked in private practice ever since. Tim gained his certificate in Small Animal Surgery in 2002. Since 1998 Tim has worked at Larkmead Veterinary Group in South Oxfordshire, a member of XLVets. Tim currently divides his time between referral surgical work and a managing partner role. Ken Robinson BVMS CertSAD MRCVS Ken graduated from the University of Glasgow, School of Veterinary Medicine in 1981. He has worked exclusively in small animal practice since then. Ken joined the Rose Cottage Veterinary Centre in 1991, gaining his certificate in Small Animal Dermatology that same year. He is currently one of the practice directors, with interests in dermatology, surgery, exotic pet medicine and acupuncture. 2634 Canine Practice Cover Spread.indd 1 Untitled-2 1 1158//1016//22001165 1113::5294 BSAVA Manual of Canine Practice A Foundation Manual Editors: Tim Hutchinson BVSc CertSAS MRCVS Larkmead Veterinary Group, 111–113 Park Road, Didcot OX11 8QT Ken Robinson BVMS CertSAD MRCVS Rose Cottage Veterinary Centre, Chester Road, Sutton Weaver, Runcorn, Cheshire WA7 3EQ Published by: British Small Animal Veterinary Association Woodrow House, 1 Telford Way, Waterwells Business Park, Quedgeley, Gloucester GL2 2AB A Company Limited by Guarantee in England Registered Company No. 2837793 Registered as a Charity Copyright © 2015 BSAVA All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without prior written permission of the copyright holder. Illustrations for 15.14, 21.11, 21.14, 21.15, 29.6 and QRGs 25.1 and 29.2 were drawn by S.J. Elmhurst BA Hons (www.livingart.org.uk) and are printed with her permission. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN 978 1 905319 48 0 e-ISBN 978 1 910443 20 0 The publishers, editors and contributors cannot take responsibility for information provided on dosages and methods of application of drugs mentioned or referred to in this publication. Details of this kind must be verified in each case by individual users from up to date literature published by the manufacturers or suppliers of those drugs. Veterinary surgeons are reminded that in each case they must follow all appropriate national legislation and regulations (for example, in the United Kingdom, the prescribing cascade) from time to time in force. Printed by Cambrian Printers, Aberystwyth, UK Printed on ECF paper made from sustainable forests 2634PUBS15 pg i Canine Practice.indd 1 15/11/2016 12:02 Titles in the BSAVA Manuals series Manual of Canine & Feline Abdominal Imaging Manual of Canine & Feline Abdominal Surgery Manual of Canine & Feline Advanced Veterinary Nursing Manual of Canine & Feline Anaesthesia and Analgesia Manual of Canine & Feline Behavioural Medicine Manual of Canine & Feline Cardiorespiratory Medicine Manual of Canine & Feline Clinical Pathology Manual of Canine & Feline Dentistry Manual of Canine & Feline Dermatology Manual of Canine & Feline Emergency and Critical Care Manual of Canine & Feline Endocrinology Manual of Canine & Feline Endoscopy and Endosurgery Manual of Canine & Feline Fracture Repair and Management Manual of Canine & Feline Gastroenterology Manual of Canine & Feline Haematology and Transfusion Medicine Manual of Canine & Feline Head, Neck and Thoracic Surgery Manual of Canine & Feline Musculoskeletal Disorders Manual of Canine & Feline Musculoskeletal Imaging Manual of Canine & Feline Nephrology and Urology Manual of Canine & Feline Neurology Manual of Canine & Feline Oncology Manual of Canine & Feline Ophthalmology Manual of Canine & Feline Radiography and Radiology: A Foundation Manual Manual of Canine & Feline Rehabilitation, Supportive and Palliative Care: Case Studies in Patient Management Manual of Canine & Feline Reproduction and Neonatology Manual of Canine & Feline Surgical Principles: A Foundation Manual Manual of Canine & Feline Thoracic Imaging Manual of Canine & Feline Ultrasonography Manual of Canine & Feline Wound Management and Reconstruction Manual of Canine Practice: A Foundation Practice Manual of Exotic Pet and Wildlife Nursing Manual of Exotic Pets: A Foundation Manual Manual of Feline Practice: A Foundation Manual Manual of Ornamental Fish Manual of Practical Animal Care Manual of Practical Veterinary Nursing Manual of Psittacine Birds Manual of Rabbit Medicine Manual of Rabbit Surgery, Dentistry and Imaging Manual of Raptors, Pigeons and Passerine Birds Manual of Reptiles Manual of Rodents and Ferrets Manual of Small Animal Practice Management and Development Manual of Wildlife Casualties For further information on these and all BSAVA publications, please visit our website: www.bsava.com ii Prelims Canine Practice.indd 2 12/06/2015 09:08 Contents List of quick reference guides v List of contributors vii Foreword ix Preface x The dog-friendly practice 1 1 Kate Chitty and Laura Smith Consultation technique 14 2 Christine Magrath and Geoff Little Preventive healthcare: a life-stage approach 25 3 Alan Hughes Nutrition 40 4 Marge Chandler Reproductive management 49 5 Angelika von Heimendahl Considerations for surgical cases 68 6 Julian Hoad Euthanasia: considerations for canine practice 76 7 Ross Allan Dealing with emergency cases 82 8 Sophie Adamantos Acute collapse 93 9 Mark Maltman The trauma patient: assessment, emergency management 10 and wound care 100 Julian Hoad Seizures, ataxia and other neurological presentations 109 11 Alex Gough Behaviour problems: a brief guide 119 12 Tiny De Keuster, Joke Monteny and Christel P.H. Moons Regurgitation, vomiting and diarrhoea 154 13 Sara Gould Abnormalities of eating and drinking 164 14 Nick Bexfield Lameness 176 15 Tim Hutchinson Paralysis and spinal pain 186 16 Alex Gough iii Prelims Canine Practice.indd 3 12/06/2015 09:08 Lethargy and weakness in endocrine disease 193 17 Sarah Packman Hyperthermia and pyrexia 202 18 Sarah Packman Epistaxis, sneezing and nasal discharge 207 19 Robert Williams Oral and dental problems 212 20 Robert Williams Ocular problems 229 21 Gary Lewin Ear problems and head tilt 244 22 Robert Williams Abnormalities of the throat and neck 252 23 Robert Williams Cardiorespiratory problems 256 24 Mark Maltman Abdominal pain and swelling 274 25 Scott Kilpatrick Urination problems; genital discharge 284 26 Angelika von Heimendahl and Julian Hoad Skin problems: a clinical approach 297 27 Ken Robinson Lumps and bumps 319 28 Robert Williams Disorders of the paw 327 29 Ken Robinson Conditions of the anus, perineum and tail 339 30 Julian Hoad Index 346 iv Prelims Canine Practice.indd 4 12/06/2015 09:08 Quick reference guides 3.1 Head-to-tail general examination Alan Hughes 5.1 Ovariohysterectomy: hints and tips Tim Hutchinson 5.2 Castration (Orchidectomy): hints and tips Tim Hutchinson 5.3 Caesarean section: hints and tips Tim Hutchinson 8.1 Cardiopulmonary resuscitation Sophie Adamantos 11.1 Short ‘screening’ neurological examination Alex Gough 11.2 Emergency treatment of status epilepticus Alex Gough 14.1 Testing for hyperadrenocorticism: some important considerations Nick Bexfield 15.1 Assessment of anterior cruciate instability Tim Hutchinson 15.2 Assessing hip laxity Tim Hutchinson 20.1 Examining the mouth in a conscious dog Lisa Milella 20.2 Scaling and polishing teeth Lisa Milella 20.3 Tooth extraction Lisa Milella 22.1 Ear cytology Robert Williams 22.2 Otoscopy Robert Williams 22.3 Surgical treatment of aural haematoma Tim Hutchinson 24.1 Pericardiocentesis Mark Maltman 24.2 Thoracocentesis and thoracic drain placement Mark Maltman 25.1 FAST scan Scott Kilpatrick v Prelims Canine Practice.indd 5 12/06/2015 09:08 25.2 Abdominocentesis Scott Kilpatrick 25.3 Diagnostic peritoneal lavage Scott Kilpatrick 27.1 Skin scraping for parasites Ken Robinson 27.2 Skin cytology Ken Robinson 27.3 Obtaining a trichogram Ken Robinson 27.4 Skin biopsy Ken Robinson 28.1 Fine-needle aspiration of a superficial mass Robert Williams 28.2 Biopsy of a superficial mass Robert Williams 29.1 Applying a foot bandage Ken Robinson 29.2 Toe amputation Ken Robinson 29.3 Dew claw removal under general anaesthesia Ken Robinson 29.4 Removal of a nail and distal phalanx Ken Robinson vi Prelims Canine Practice.indd 6 12/06/2015 09:08 Contributors Sophie Adamantos BVSc CertVA DipACVECC DipECVECC FHEA MRCVS Langford Veterinary Services, University of Bristol, Langford, Bristol BS40 5DU Ross Allan BVMS PGCertSAS MRCVS The Pets‘n’Vets Family, 1478 Pollokshaws Road, Glasgow G43 1RN Nick Bexfield BVetMed PhD DSAM DipECVIM-CA CBiol FSB MRCVS School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire LE12 5RD Marge Chandler DVM MS MANZCVSc DipACVN DipACVIM DipECVIM-CA MRCVS The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian EH25 9RG Kate Chitty BVetMed MRCVS Anton Vets, Units 11–12 Anton Mill Road, Andover, Hants SP10 2NJ Tiny De Keuster DVM DipECAWBM Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium Alex Gough MA VetMB CertSAM CertVC PGCert MRCVS Bath Veterinary Referrals, Rosemary Lodge Veterinary Hospital, Wellsway, Bath BA2 5RL Sara M. Gould BVetMed DSAM MRCVS Vale Referrals, The Animal Hospital, Stinchcombe, Dursley, Gloucestershire GL11 6AJ Julian Hoad BSc(Hons) BVetMed honMBVNA MRCVS Crossways Veterinary Group, 43 School Hill, Storrington, West Sussex RH20 4NA Alan Hughes BVSc MRCVS The Grove Veterinary Hospital and Clinics, Holt Road, Fakenham, Norfolk NR21 8JG Tim Hutchinson BVSc CertSAS MRCVS Larkmead Veterinary Group, 111–113 Park Road, Didcot OX11 8QT Scott Kilpatrick BSc(Hons) BVM&S MRCVS The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian EH25 9RG Gary A. Lewin BVSc CertVOphthal CertSAS MRCVS Veterinary Vision, Onsala Building, Haweswater Road, Penrith, Cumbria CA11 9FJ Geoff Little MVB MRCVS The Veterinary Defence Society Limited, 4 Haig Court, Parkgate Estate, Knutsford, Cheshire WA16 8XZ Christine Magrath BVMS FRCVS The Veterinary Defence Society Limited, 4 Haig Court, Parkgate Estate, Knutsford, Cheshire WA16 8XZ Mark Maltman BVSc CertSAM CertVC MRCVS Maltman Cosham Veterinary Clinic, Lyons Farm Estate, Slinfold, Horsham, West Sussex RH13 0QP Lisa Milella BVSc DipEVDC MRCVS The Veterinary Dental Surgery, 53 Parvis Road, Byfleet, Surrey KT14 7AA Joke Monteny MSc PhD Hond Inform, Wijtschatestraat 72, 8956 Kemmel, Belgium vii Prelims Canine Practice.indd 7 12/06/2015 09:08 Christel P.H. Moons PhD Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Heidestraat 19, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium Sarah Packman BVSc CertSAM MRCVS Larkmead Veterinary Group, 111–113 Park Road, Didcot OX11 8QT Ken Robinson BVMS CertSAD MRCVS Rose Cottage Veterinary Centre, Chester Road, Sutton Weaver, Runcorn, Cheshire WA7 3EQ Laura Smith RVN CA-SQP ISFM CertFN DipFN Anton Vets, Unit 11–12 Anton Mill Road, Andover, Hants SP10 2NJ Angelika von Heimandahl MSc BVM DipECAR MRCVS Veterinary Reproduction Service, 27 High Street, Longstanton, Cambridge CB24 3BP Robert Williams MVB CertSAS MRCVS Kingston Veterinary Group, 1–2 Park Street, Anlaby Road, Hull HU3 2JF viii Prelims Canine Practice.indd 8 12/06/2015 09:08 Foreword This brand new Foundation Manual from the BSAVA is an exciting development because it condenses the information from many important areas into a single volume. The development over the last 20 years of a range of formal specialist veterinary qualifications has produced a significant surge in the range and depth of knowledge in canine practice. Whilst we should celebrate that this range and depth now exists, it is also clear that this very range is daunting to many of us. Concise answers to common questions that occur in consulting rooms are becoming harder to find. This book swings the balance back to the practitioner. As well as traditional systems based medicine, this Manual also provides information on the ‘arts’ of practice such as consultation technique and dealing with common but testing situations. In the clinical presentations section of the book, first line approaches are given in a problem-oriented setting with a significant focus on the ‘nose-to-tail’ physical examination, a detailed clinical history and common, readily available, diagnostic tests. This book should be the first port of call for the busy clinician faced with a range of challenging issues (not all of them medical) in the consulting room. The editors are to be congratulated on bringing together a team of authors with such an extensive experience in a wide variety of clinical practices who were able to distil volumes of veterinary textbooks to single chapters. The quality of the illustrations and flow charts, combined with the pithy practice tips will help a generation of vets to cope with life on the front line. Inexperienced vets will benefit most, but there is something in this Manual for everyone with an interest in canine practice. We sometimes feel that we should know everything, but in truth, after a while in clinical practice, we realise that we know nothing, but it is our ability to identify and consult appropriate authoritative sources that determines our success. This new Manual is a goldmine of information that can be consulted over and over again. It will also provide a springboard to the more detailed knowledge available in the rest of the BSAVA Manuals. I would like to thank the BSAVA for having the foresight to publish this Manual and the editors and authors for all their hard work in bringing it to life. Professor Ian Ramsey BVSc PhD DSAM DipECVIM-CA FHEA MRCVS University of Glasgow ix Prelims Canine Practice.indd 9 12/06/2015 09:08