BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Haematology and Transfusion Medicine (BSAVA British Small Animal Veterinary Association) Michael J. Day, Andrew Mackin, Janet Littlewood PDF
Preview BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Haematology and Transfusion Medicine (BSAVA British Small Animal Veterinary Association) Michael J. Day, Andrew Mackin, Janet Littlewood
www.vet4arab.co.cc www.vet4arab.co.cc BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Haematology and Transfusion Medicine Editors: Michael J. Day BSc BVMS(Hons) PhD FASM DipECVP MRCPath FRCVS Depmment of Pathology and Microbiology School of Veterinary Science, University of Bristol Langford House, Langford, Bristol BS40 5DU Andrew Mackin BSc BVMS MVS DVSc FACVSc DSAM DipACVIM MRCVS College of Veterinary Medicine Mississippi State University Mississippi State, MS 39762-9825, USA Janet D. Littlewood MA PhD BVSc(Hons) DVR CertSAD MRCVS Depamnent of Clinical Studies Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park Newmarket, Suffolk CB8 7DW Published by: British SmaUAaimal Veterinary Assoeistion Waadmw Hause, I Telford Way, Waterwells Business Park Quedgeley. Gioucessr OU 4AB A Company Ltmted by Guarantee m England Regmered Company No 2837793 Reg~teredas a Chanty Copyright 0 2000BSAVA The cleaved lymphocyte andmonocyteillus?rat~onosn Ule cover, plus phormin Chapters 1 and 6 are copynghr AXIOM Vetennary Labotatones AU rights resewed. No part of this publieation may be ~epmduceds, twed in a retrieval system, orVansmitted,in fom or by any means, elecuonic, mechanical, photocopying, recordin&o r otherwise without pn'orwritten panision of the copyright holder. A catalogue record forthis book is available fmm the British Library ISBN 0 90521439 0 The publishers and contibufas cannot talreresponsibility for infomation pmvided on dosages and methods of application of drugsmentioned in this pubkation. Details of this end must be mifiied by individual Usen fmm the appropriate atmure. Typeset by %!on Descgn, Fordmgbndge, Hampsk, UK www.vet4arab.co.cc Other titles in the BSAVA Manuals series: Mancial ofAdvarzced Veterinary Nursirzg Manlral of Canine and Feline E~nergencya nd Critical Care Marzual of Carzirze and Feline Gastroerzterology Manual of Carzirze and Feline Nephrology and Urology Marzual of Contpanio~zA ~zimalN utrition and Feedirzg Marzzial of Cartine Behaviocir Manual of Exotic Pets Marnial of Feline Behaviour Marzual of Or~zantentaFl ish Manual of Psittacirze Birds Manual of Rabbit Medicine and Surgery Manual of Raptors, Pigeorls and Waterfowl Manual of Reptiles Manual of Small Aninzal Anaesthesia and A~lalgesia Manual of Small A~zirrialA rthrology Manual of Snzall A11i1nal Clinical Pathology Marural of S~nalAl ~zi~izaDle ntistry, 2",' edition Marzual of Sniall A~zi~nDale rtizatology Marzual of Siizall Animal Diag~zosticI ~izagirzg Manual of S~izalAl ~zirizaEl ~zdocrinology,2 ""dition Marzlral of S~izalAl nin~aFl ractirre Repair and Manage~neizt Manual of Slitall Animal Neurology, 2'"' edition Manual of Slitall Animal 011cology Manual of Sniall Alziriial Ophthalrnology Manual of Small Alzinzal Reproductio~za nd Neorzatology Manual of Veterinary Care Manual of Veterinary Nursing Coming soon: Marzlial of Canine and Feline Iilfcctious Diseases For further information on BSAVA publications, visit our website at: www.bsava.com www.vet4arab.co.cc Contents List of contributors v Foreword vii Preface viii Part 1 Haenlatology 1 Overview of haematological diagnostic techniques Andrew Torrarlce 2 Collection and interpretation of bone marrow san~ples Dorotlzee Bierzzle 3 Anaemia Jerzrzy Mills 4 Polycythaemia Elizabeth Villiers 5 Erythrocyte disorders: selected topics i Iron deficiency anaemia Mike Storze Anaemia of chronic renal disease 11 Arzdreas Halls Hasler .. . 111 Immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia Andrew Mackirz iv Haemoballonella felis Darren Foster v Canine bahesiosis Re~i~Loob etti 6 Disorders of leucocyte number Johrz Durzrz 7 Disorders of leucocyte function Michael J. Day 8 Leucocyte disorders: selected topics I Neutropenia Arzthorzy Abrarils-Ogg ii Eosinophilia Krystyrza Grodecki iii Leukaemia Joarzna Morris and Jane Dobson iv Feline retrovirus infections Andrew Sparkes and Kostas Papasouliotis www.vet4arab.co.cc Part 2 Haemostasis 9 Overview of haemostasis Mary F. McCor~nell 10 Haemostatic diagnostic techniques Mary F. McCor~rzell 11 Disorders of platelet number David C. Lewis 12 Disorders of platelet function Tracy Stokol 13 Disorders of secondary haemostasis Jarlet D. Littlewood 14 Disorders of haemostasis: selected topics 1 Immune-mediated thrombocytopenia David C. Lewis 11 van Willebrand's disease Tracy Stokol ... 111 Haemophilia A Janet D. Littlewood iv Anticoagulant rodenticides Andrew Mnckilz v Disseminated intravascular coagulation Stevell A. Holloway Part 3 Transfusion Medicine 15 Practical blood transfusion Anthony Abrams-Ogg 16 Blood groups in cats Aftdrew Sparkes and Tin1 Grufidd-Jones Appendices 1 Reference vahres for haernatology and haer~iostasis 2 List of abbreviations Index www.vet4arab.co.cc Contributors Anthony CG Ahrams-Ogg DVM DVSc DipACVIM Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1 Dorothee Bienzle DVM MSc PhD DipACVP Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada Michael J. Day BSc BVMS(Hons) PhD FASM DipECVP MRCPath FRCVS Department of Pathology and Microbiology, School of Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Langford House, Langford, Bristol BS40 5DU Jane Dobson MA BVetMed DVetMed DipECVIM-CA MRCVS Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 OES John K. Dunn MA MVetSc BVM&S DipECVIM DSAM MRCVS AXIOM Veterinary Laboratories Ltd, George Street, Teignmouth, Devon TQ14 8AH Darren J. Foster BSc BVMS PhD FACVSc Veterinary Specialist Centre, Comer Delhi and Plassey Roads, PO Box 307, North Ryde, NSW 1670, Australia Krystyna Grodecki DVM DVSc MRCVS Departement de Pathologie Clinique, Faculte de Medecine Veterinaire, Universite de Montreal, 3200 rue Sicotte, C.P. 5000, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, 32s 7C5, Canada Tin1 Gruffydd-Jones BVetMed PhD DipECVIM MRCVS Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Langford House, Langford, Bristol BS40 5DU Andreas Hans Hasler Dr.vet.med. DipACVIM DipECVIM Tierarztliches Uberweisungs Zentrum, Hauptstrasse 21, CH-4456 Tenniken, Switzerland Steven A. Holloway BVSc PhD MVS MACVSc DipACVIM Small Animal Medicine Department, University of Melbourne Veterinary Clinical Centre, Princes Highway, Werribee, Vic 3030, ~ustralia David C. Lewis BVSc DipVetClinStud PhD DipACVIM Antech Diagnostics, 12616 SE Stark, Portland, OR 97233, USA Janet D. Littlewood MA PhD BVSc(Hons) DVR CertSAD MRCVS Department of Clinical Studies, Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Newmarket, Suffolk CB8 7DW Remo Lobetti BVSc MMedVet DipECVIM Department of Companion Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 011 0, South Africa Andrew Maclcin BSc BVMS MVS DVSc FACVSc DSAM DipACVIM MRCVS College of Veterinaly Medicine, Box 9825, Spring Street, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762-9825, USA Mary F. McConnell BVSc DipClinPath PhD VETPATH Laboratory Services, PO Box 18, Belmont, WA 6984, Australia www.vet4arab.co.cc Jennifer N. Mills BVSc DipVetClinPath MSc PlD Division of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Murdoch University, South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia Joanna Morris BSc BVSc PhD FRCVS Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 OES Kostas Papasouliotis DVM PhD MRCVS Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Langford House, Langford, Bristol BS40 5DU Andrew Sparlces BVetMed PhD DipECVIM MRCVS Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Langford House, Langford, Bristol BS40 5DU Tracy Stokol BVSc PhD DipACVP Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-6401, USA Michael Stone DVM DipACVIM Tufts University School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Small Animal Medicine, 200 Westboro Road, Noah Grafton, MA 01536, USA Andrew G.T. Torrance MA VetMB PhD DipACVIM DipACVP MRCVS AXIOM Veterinary Laboratories Ltd, George Street, Teignmouth, Devon TQ14 8AH Elizabeth Villiers BVSc CertSAM CertVR MRCVS Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 OES www.vet4arab.co.cc Foreword The demands of modem small animal practice, and the greater under- standing by clients of what can be achieved for their pets requires more in depth knowledge by the veterinary surgeon working in primary health care and in referral practice. Taking a blood sample for haematological analysis is one of the most common diagnostic procedures in practice, either for analysis within the practice or outside the practice inspecialist laboratories. Correct interpre- tation of the results is essential. The BSAVA Marzttal of Cartine and Feline Haentarology and Tmrzs- fusiorz Medicine combines both clinical pathology and the diagnosis and management of a range of haematological diseases. It also includes those diseases that may become more commonly diagnosed in the UK with the introduction of the PETS Travel Scheme. The final section of the manual gives detailed practical guidance on blood transfusion techniques in the dog and cat including collection, storage, blood typing, cross matcl~il~atgid adlniliistratioli. The Editors atid ihc BSAVA Publishing \l;~nagera re to be congnitu- lated on this excellent manual. They havedrawn together the specialist knowledge of authors from around the world for this comprehensive guide. The chapters are fully illustrated with tables, diagrams and colour photographs and those on technique will be of particular use to many of us in practice. We have waitedsome time forthismanual butIamsureyou will agree with me that our patience has been amply rewarded with this very welcome new addition to the BSAVA manual series. Lynn Turner MA VetMB MRCVS BSAVA President 2000-2001 www.vet4arab.co.cc viii Preface The BSAVA Marzlral of Carzirze and Felirzc Haerizatology ar~dT rar~sfirsiorMz edicine is a unique publicationthat bridges the disciplines of clinical pathology, internal medicine . . . and critical care in a single volume. Haematological analysis is probably the single most commonly performed labora- tory diagnostic test in small animal practice, so much so that many practices have now established in-house analysis facilities. Moreover, in recent years more sophisticated haematology analytical techniques have also become available through specialist laboratories. This book reviews the basics of sample collection, test performance and interpretation for routine haematology, together with assessment of haemostatic function and bone marrow analysis. In addition, newer developments such as the application of flow cytometry to the phenotyping of leukaemias, and molecular genetics to the diagnosis of haemostatic disorders are discussed. However, this volume is more than just a clinical pathology manual. The diagnosis and management of a selected range of major haematological diseases are discussed by specialists in internal medicine and oncology. These chapters cover the major infec- tious, immune-mediated and neoplastic diseases of the haemopoietic system. Of particular relevance to UK practitioners is the realization that 'new' haematological diseases such as babesiosis, ehrlichiosis and leishmaniasis will be increasingly recog- nized in their country followi~igth e lifting of quarantine. Indeed, in the first months of the Pet Travel Scheme, two cases of canine babesiosis have been documented in the VeterirzaryR ecord, and this manual specifically includes a chapter on this disease. The growing specialty of feline medicine is reflected by the inclusion of a number of chapters dedicated to conditions specific to the cat. The finalsectionof the manual is devoted to the field of transfusion medicine. These chapters provide a detailed and very practical guide to performing blood transfusion in the dog and cat - including donor blood collection and storage, blood typing and cross- matching, administration of the transfusion and management of transfusion reactions. This manual is the sum of a series of excellent contributions from internationally recognized specialists from Europe, the United States, Canada, Australia and South Africa.Eachchapter isdesignedas aself-containedreview,and thereisinevitably some limited overlap in content. However, as this is often presented from a different perspective it can only add to the value of the manual. The text issupported throughout by tables, diagrams and colour photographs. The photographic guides to performing bone marrow collection, catheter insertion and blood transfusion will be of particular value in the practice setting. The BSA VA Marzuol of Canine nrzd Feline Haenlatology nrzd Tronsfiaiorz Medicine has been a long time in gestation, and the Editors are grateful for the patience of all contributors who readily updated their chapters in the few months preceding publica- tion. This has meant that the final product is very much a state-of-the-art volume that will serve readers for many years to come. The rapid final production stages of the manual are due in no small part to the dedication and efforts of Marion Jowett (BSAVA Publishing Manager), Liz Payne (copy editor), Jill Greenway (proof reader) and Graeme Kowalewicz (design and layout) who have worked beyond the call of duty in the last months. Michael Day Andrew Maekin Janet Littlewood August 2000 www.vet4arab.co.cc PART ONE Haematology
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