Brothers or Enemies: The Ukrainian National Movement and Russia from the 1840s to the 1870s

340 Pages·2016·3.255 MB·English

by  Johannes Remy

BROTHERS OR ENEMIES
The Ukrainian National Movement and Russia,
from the 1840s to the 1870s
“Moskal.” Mykola Hatchuk, Ukrainska abetka. Moscow: Universytetska dru-
karnia, 1861. Courtesy of the National Library of Finland, Slavic collection.
JOHANNES REMY
Brothers or Enemies
The Ukrainian National Movement
and Russia, from the 1840s to the 1870s
UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO PRESS
Toronto Buffalo London
© University of Toronto Press 2016
Toronto Buffalo London
www.utppublishing.com
Printed in the U.S.A.
ISBN 978-1-4875-0046-7
♾ Printed on acid-free, 100% post-consumer recycled paper with
vegetable-based inks.
_________________________________________________________________
Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication
Remy, Johannes, 1962–, author
Brothers or enemies : the Ukrainian national movement and Russia,
from the 1840s to the 1870s / Johannes Remy.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-4875-0046-7 (cloth)
1.Nationalism – Ukraine – History − 19th century. 2. Ukrainian literature –
Censorship – History − 19th century. 3. Imperialism − History − 19th
century. 4. Ukraine – History − 19th century. 5. Ukraine − Politics and
government − 19th century. 6. Ukraine – Relations − Russia – History −
19th century. 7. Russia – Relations – Ukraine − History − 19th century. I. Title.
DK508.772.R44 2016 947.708 C2016-904895-0
_ ________________________________________________________________
This book has been published with the help of a grant from the Federation for
the Humanities and Social Sciences, through the Awards to Scholarly Publica-
tions Program, using funds provided by the Social Sciences and Humanities
Research Council of Canada.
The Kowalsky Program for the Study of Eastern Ukraine at Canadian Institute
of Ukrainian Studies has assisted the publication of this book.
University of Toronto Press acknowledges the financial assistance to its
publishing program of the Canada Council for the Arts and the Ontario Arts
Council, an agency of the Government of Ontario.

Funded by the Financé par le
Government gouvernement
of Canada du Canada
To Eelis, Filip, and Misael
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Contents
Acknowledgments ix
1 Introduction 3
2 From the Cyrillo-Methodian Society to the Death of
Nicholas I, 1845–55 22
3 Ukrainian Literature and Censorship, 1855–9 61
4 Ukrainian Publishing, Russians, and the Empire at the
Beginning of the 1860s 81
5 Ukrainian Clandestine Activities and Government Reaction,
1856–64 113
6 Imperial Policies and the Ukrainian Movement, 1863–76 157
7 The Ukrainian Movement and Russia in the 1870s 184
8 Aftermath and Conclusions 221
Notes 233
Bibliography 295
Index 319
Group of students volunteering as teachers at Sunday schools. Beginning of 1860s. Courtesy of university
museum of Taras Shevchenko University of Kyiv.
Acknowledgments
This book is a result of long work. I began to work on the nineteenth-
century Ukrainian movement in 1999. At first, I worked in the Academy
of Finland research project “Imperial Self and Other in Modern Russia,”
which was led by Elena Hellberg-Hirn. In addition to the project leader,
I especially profited from my discussions with Chris Chulos who
worked on the same project. Later, I received a postdoctoral grant from
the Academy of Finland to continue my research on Ukrainian nation-
alists. I continued the work at the University of Helsinki as a lecturer
at first in Russian and East European Studies, and then in History. I am
especially indebted to the former head of the former Department of
History, Hannes Saarinen. At the University of Helsinki, I am also and
especially indebted to the staff of the Slavic department of the univer-
sity library, without which this book would hardly have been possible.
After moving to Canada in 2009, I worked as a sessional lecturer at the
University of Saskatchewan, St Thomas University, Brock University,
Carleton University, and Glendon College of York University. This
book has been written at all those universities.
Aleksei Miller gave me useful advice during my archival trips to
Moscow, and we also had fruitful discussions at several conferences. In
Kyiv, I am especially indebted to Viktor Pylypenko, who did all what
he could to make my research trips successful. Also in Kyiv, Andrii
Katrenko and Volodymyr Ulianovsky helped with their advice in the
early stage of my work. Liudmyla Kruhlova, director of the university
museum of Taras Shevchenko University of Kyiv, generously provided
the second illustration. During my two stays at the Harvard Ukrainian
Research Institute in 2000 and in 2007, in the latter period as Eugene and
Daymel Shklar Fellow, I received useful guidance and encouragement