Broadening Asia's Security Discourse and Agenda: Political, Social, and Environmental Perspectives

371 Pages·2004·1.68 MB·English

by  Ramesh Thakur

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Broadening Asia’s security discourse and agenda

Broadening Asia’s security
discourse and agenda:
Political, social, and
environmental perspectives
Edited by Ramesh Thakur and Edward Newman
a
United Nations
University Press
TOKYOuNEWYORKuPARIS
(UnitedNationsUniversity,2004
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ISBN92-808-1094-4
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
BroadeningAsia’ssecuritydiscourseandagenda:political,social,and
environmentalperspectives/editedbyRameshThakurandEdwardNewman.
p. cm.
ISBN92-808-1094-4(pbk.)
1.Nationalsecurity—Asia. 2.Security,International. 3.Asia—Economic
conditions—21stcentury. 4.Asia—Politicsandgovernment—21stcentury.
5.Globalization—Economicaspects—Asia. 6.Asia—Socialconditions—21st
century. 7.Globalization—Environmentalaspects—Asia. 8.Humanecology—
Asia. I.Thakur,RameshChandra,1948— II.Newman,Edward,1970–
UA830.B76 2004
3550.03305—dc22 2003025284
Contents
List offigures .......................................................... vii
List of tables........................................................... viii
Acknowledgements.................................................... ix
List of abbreviations................................................... x
Introduction: Non-traditional security in Asia....................... 1
Ramesh Thakur and Edward Newman
Part I Social and economic perspectives............................. 17
1 Globalization and human development: The cases of Pakistan
and India........................................................... 19
Jennifer Bennet
2 Southeast Asia’s embedded mercantilism in crisis:
International strategies and domestic coalitions ................. 47
Kanishka Jayasuriya
3 Poverty as a non-traditional security issue: Experiences of
China’s partnership with multilateral donor institutions on
poverty alleviation................................................. 72
Qingxin K. Wang and Melissa G. Curley
v
vi CONTENTS
Part II Governance .................................................. 97
4 Security and governance in South Asia: Their linkages........ 99
P.R. Chari
5 Governance in plural societies: Sri Lanka....................... 119
Paikiasothy Saravanamuttu
Part III Environment................................................ 145
6 Sustainable development and human security: Lessons from
South Asia ........................................................ 147
Adil Najam
7 How critical is ‘‘environmental security’’ as a non-traditional
security issue in Northeast Asia? ................................ 174
M. Shamsul Haque
8 A cultural theory perspective on environment and security
issues in Nepal.................................................... 196
Ajaya Dixit and Dipak Gyawali
9 The hydro-politics of the Mekong River Basin: regional
cooperation and environmental security......................... 209
Evelyn Goh
Part IV Institutional security perspectives.......................... 243
10 Alternative security models: Implications for ASEAN......... 245
William T. Tow
11 Seeking non-traditional security in ‘‘traditional’’ ways:
Northeast Asia and emerging security challenges............... 270
Richard W. Hu
12 Cooperation and institutional transformation in ASEAN:
Insights from the AFTA project................................. 279
Helen E.S. Nesadurai
13 Non-traditional security cooperation in Northeast Asia........ 306
Tsuneo Akaha
Contributors .......................................................... 340
Index.................................................................. 342
Figures
2.1 Astructuralmodelofcoalitions,crisis,andpolicyoutcomes .. 67
6.1 Organizing the environment and security discussion .......... 157
8.1 Map of the Mahakali River ..................................... 198
9.1 Geographical importance of the Mekong Basin to riparian
states.............................................................. 213
vii
Tables
1.1 Selected macro-economic and social indicators.............. 29
1.2 Expenditure on education and health as a percentage of
GDP............................................................ 31
2.1 Asia: Ratio of FDI inflows to gross domestic capital
formation, 1971–1993 (annual averages)..................... 55
6.1 Environment and security: an ‘‘obvious’’ connection? ...... 149
6.2 South Asia’s many roots of insecurity........................ 160
9.1 Geographical control of the Mekong River Basin........... 212
9.2 Selected socio-economic indicators for Mekong riparian
states ........................................................... 214
9.3 Summary of the relative geopolitical and resource positions
of the Mekong states.......................................... 217
10.1 Selected alternative security models.......................... 259
10.2 Traditional and ‘‘alternative’’ security: Areas of comparison 266
12.1 The three stages of the AFTA Project....................... 282
12.2 Framework of institutionalization ............................ 285
12.3 The nature of the constitutional documents.................. 290
13.1 Trade in Northeast Asia, 1996 (in US$million).............. 316
13.2 Trade in Northeast Asia, 1998 (in US$ million)............. 317
13.3 Main characteristics of multilateral cooperation institu-
tions............................................................ 332
viii
Acknowledgements
The origins of this book lie in a research project on Non-Traditional
Security in Asia, generously supported by the Ford Foundation. Our first
thanks therefore go to the Ford Foundation for supporting this impor-
tant initiative. The objective of the project was to deepen understanding
of non-military and non-state centric dimensions of security. Work was
divided into three sub-regions: Northeast Asia, Southeast Asia, and
South Asia. The institutions which directed the research in these three
sub-regions were, respectively, United Nations University (under the
supervision of Ramesh Thakur); the Institute of Defence and Strategic
Studies,Singapore(BarryDesker);andtheRegionalCentreforStrategic
Studies, Sri Lanka (Dipankar Banerjee).
This volume brings together some of the results of the project and we
would like to thank these institutions and individuals for cooperating in
its publication. We would also like to thank the three institutions that
worked with the UNU in the research on Northeast Asia: Hong Kong
University(underthesupervisionofJamesTang),theChineseAcademyof
Social Sciences (Zhang Yunling), and Korea University (In-Taek Hyun).
We would also like to thank the publishers in the instances where mate-
rialinthisvolumehasalreadybeenpublishedlocallyelsewhere:Institute
ofDefenceandStrategicStudies(Singapore),Manoharpublishers(Delhi),
AcademicPressandPublishersLtd.(Dhaka),andtheRegionalCentrefor
Strategic Studies (Colombo). Finally, we would like to thank the people
whohelpedtosupporttheprojectworkandthepublicationofthisvolume
attheUNUniversity,particularlyYoshieSawadaandLysetteRutgers.
ix