Broadcasting Truth to Power:The American Friends Service Committee and the Early Southern ...

13 Pages·2016·0.64 MB·English

Quaker Studies
Volume 10|Issue 1 Article 6
2006
Broadcasting Truth to Power:The American Friends
Service Committee and the Early Southern Civil
Rights Movement
Brian Ward
University of Florida, [email protected]
Follow this and additional works at:http://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/quakerstudies
Part of theChristian Denominations and Sects Commons, and theHistory of Christianity
Commons
Recommended Citation
Ward, Brian (2006) "Broadcasting Truth to Power:The American Friends Service Committee and the Early Southern Civil Rights
Movement,"Quaker Studies: Vol. 10: Iss. 1, Article 6.
Available at:http://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/quakerstudies/vol10/iss1/6
This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Commons @ George Fox University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Quaker
Studies by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ George Fox University. For more information, please [email protected].
86 QUAKERS TUDIES QUAKERS TUDIE1S0 /(12 00[58)17 80-)
ISSN 1633-0X1 3
49T.h eF rein9d1 ,(126A1p r1i39l3 )p,.3 24i;it ps o sstihba1lte9 1ia7st ypograeprhriocra.l
50I.it ns o ctl ewahroa dvihsiemid;m t a yh avbee eanno fficaettr hc eo umratr tial.
51.F oucaMu.lD,ti c,ps ilainnPdeu nishmBeincrttfth: hPie r s 71NozenewY, o rVki:n tBaogoek s,
1799( Freendcn1h 79 5L)e;w iGs.,KE .l,i zFarbLyeo,nt dhoH ne:a dBlreoyt h1e09r9sI;,g natieff,
M.A,j uMsetsa rucfe P ianT:heP eintenitntei hI adnrurysiR taelv ol1u75 tG-1i8o50nN,,e w York:
PanthBeooonk 1s79,8 R;o sJe.,E, la ibhzFe rtLyo,n doMna:c mil1l89a0n.,
52T.h eF ri9e1,n1(d62 A 1p r1i39l3p),p3 .2 45;72 ,0( 81M ay1 9)1p,7.3 8 2s;ea el Psoi ocfn eers
GodoJ!Vi'/1 , p.4 .H em ayh avbeo rroswoemdoe fh itse m1inforlooPmg. yB( .P erBcayr tlett?). BROADCASTINTGR UTHT O POWER:
53N.e wSsh e(2eD5te cemb1e9r)1 p,6. 5 ;c f2 5O ctob1e19r,6 3p;1.M ay1 971, 1p.0S. ee
THEA MERICAFNR IENDSSE RVICCEO MMITTEAEN DT HE
alsGor ahaCmo,cn prsitioannC do cnis,ep n.9c 0e.
EARLYS OUTHERNC IVIRLI GHTMSO VEMENT
54U.n itCehdu rAcrhhc ivR.iecsh,a rRdo beratrsc hfiiv3le9e,1, 9 Se ptem1b19e.6r
55F.O R4 565;/ 31;9J u n1e9 .1 7
56F.o trh Heo me Office sesReca heCe,mo senic,e anncPdeo lCihtaipc8t;Ges rr,a haCmo,n scrip­
tiaonCndo cniseCnhcape7t,;Ke ern neTdIyH,1o eu cfnC do cniseCnhcape8t,.Me a rn NyC Fm embers BriWaanr d
rejetchtseec dh eBmee.c kc'osm plwaaisnn otut n iqmuaen;Cy O sw hoa cceptthesedc heme
complaaibnoeiudtst ;e E edB ectkoC .CJa.d oulxe,t ter2 5Ad part1ie19ld.7C adouaxr'c hairvee s UniverosfFi ltoyr UiSdAa ,
int hBeo dleLiiabnr aOrxyf,o rd: Boaxl sF9oO. R 4 5S6e;e 5/3o;f1 0Jla entuta1er9ry1 t 7o
BertrRaunsds tehlelan,c tNinCgFc hairman.
57. JSa.mBeTs.he,,A dvteunorfaeS sipi urtaTlr aLmopn,d oLno:n gma1n29s5,p, .1 60.
ABSTRACT
58T.h Fer i5e72n,3d ( J8 u n1e9 )1p,7. 4264(5 51;J un1e9 )1p,7. 4 80.
59C.A B2 4/42/8133H.er efetroSr peadr iknedsu's rterliaawtloi roSkne.sRe a eC,o cniseanncde
Thiasr ticalded retswsoge aspi snt hhei stolriitcearolan tt uhmreoe d ecrinv rili gmhotvse ment.
Potclipsi.2, 1 n0.2 ;f or rtehleea ansde p tohlei steipecp s2.,0 8-25.
Firishtti ,g hltihgceho tnst ribouftt hiAeom nesr iFcraine Snedrsv Ciocmem it(tAeFeS tCot) h e
60T.h Fer i5e99n,( d 2 F8e bru1a9r)1yp,9 . 1 82.Ac cordtioGn rga haSmp,a rkerse lweaass ed
strufgogrrla ecj iuaslti intc heSe o utShe.c oinrtde ,v ealism ptohreto afrn acdebi roo adcians ting
ear'lbye catuhKseie n hga ppetnoae sdwk h ow ast haeu thooftr h Weh itlCeoyu ncsiclhse me'
helptiocn gr eaac tlei mianwt hei ch southrearcnai tautwldih etiastn edd iscrimpirnaacttoircye s
(CocprntisiaonnCd o sncipe.2n 4c3eS)p,.a rhkiemss ceolmfp atrheWedh itlCeoyu nctioal s sh ip
werceh alleIndtge emdo.n sthroawAt FeSsC -spobnrsooardercdea flsetcQstu eadkp erri ncbiuptl es,
withaonue tn gine.
alshoo wd ebaotveeasrp propprrioagtrea cmomnet eexnpto tshetede nsbieotnwse perni ncipled
61H.i stoorfig aunisl d sociraalrieeslxmyp lhataihvnreeeo dlo efS parYkeesta. sS .TG.l ass
anpdr agmcaotnisci demroartailaoinnetdsxy ,p editehnsachtya ,pt ehMdeo vemeanndtde tem1ined
wrot'et,hi en flueonfgc uei ildde oanst hbeu ild.iwnogr kehramsdu ctho d ow itthh weo rokf
thAeF SCr'osli eni t.
MalcoSlpma rakL eosn,d coonm pad.inrye ct(oTrRh'ee s poSnoscLiiobenltdeyoL ,no:n gma1n69s6,,
p.5 4)S.ea el sCoa rpenLt.ePGr.,., HD ..C olCaem,b riCdagmeb:r iUdngiev erPsriet1sys79 ,3 ,
p.1 0a1n,Cd a rpenNt.eG,ru ,iS lcoldii aNsemwY, o rDk:.A pple1t2o92np,,p 1.81 -1F9o.tr h e
KEYWORDS
trouSbplaersek necso tuenrseedDe,e nB oggen'dPea,c iafniLdsa mb Roerl oantsip'p,1. 10 0-6.
62F.o trh ien fluoefnn cien eteceenntthNu ornyc onfosremBeiet byb,i ngDt.oWn.Ti,,t e AFSC, Quakersr,i grmhaotdvsie om,eU nSctS i,ov uitlh
NonfcmooirnCsotcm ieLnocndeoG,ne :o rAglel &e Unn wi1n8,9 2.
63T.h eF ORd indo mta intiataisl-n le ncoamspswionrgl d-avnide-Rwlo ibfeepr rtos pounded.
Duritnhg1e 2 90msu cohfi dti sappeared.
INTRODUCTION
Inr ecednetc ahdiesst,o wrriictoainlnt gho er igainnddse velopomfe sntothue thern
AUTHORD ETAILS
civriilg hmtosv emehnatbs e comeev er msoorpiehs ticaantdwe idd e-irnagn.g1
Thea utheomri grafrtoemtd h Nee thlearntdosC anaidna1 96H7e.o btained Inetvaibhloyw,e ,vt ehrerreem asiing nigfaipicsano n uutrn derstoaftn hdgeie nnge sis
graadtudee grieneA srH ti syt,oC rhrisSttiuadnai nedHs i staonrdcy o mplehtiesd ansdrt ucturseo acorlife vao lutthtiarota nfon rsmetdhr ee gion'asr rraancgieamle nts
PhDi n1 896a,tM cMasUtneirv erHsaimtiyl,to on'n T,h e FelolfRo ewcsohni­p byd estrsoayttiuntgso ergyr egaantedin odnit nhwgei dpersedaiedsn franscehmieonft
cilia1t91i-4o1n9,4 H5e'h .a s pubalritsiahcbelodeLu sut t haenrad r mta,r riraigtee s, AfricAamne ri.cW aintsnho c laitmocs o mprehenstihviaesrn teibsceslg,ei t nos
nineteceenntthuM reyt hodfeimasltee d ucaitniO onnt artiwoe,n tcieentht ury addrtewsoss u cgha pisnt hlei terFaitruisrdttre ,a. aw ts tenttoti houenn der-appreci­
Chrisstcihaoenod lu caitnHi aomni latonnd, HaMrarriteaitun .e atecdo ntribouftt hiQeou na ker-iAnmsepriirFceradin e Snedrsv Ciocmem ittee
(AFStCo)t hset rufgorgr laec jisuatli icnte h Seo utShe.cn odb,y e xamintihneg
Mailings sa:d dre AFSCe'ffosr ttsou srea dbiroo adtcoap srtosm ortaecr ieaclo lnicaitciiovrnii,lg hts,
Bert Bdoeggnen d7e7G, r eenbVriololkBa rgooek,sAB ,, T1RO R8C,a naad. anedq ulaiotfey c onoamniedcd ucatoipopntoaurln iitatyff ,i rtmhsie m portoafn ce
E-mabielr:t [email protected] thamte diuimns haptihniegd eoilcocagoln taenxdt rtahneog fea ccteapbplreo test
srtatefgori esaso cmioavle metnhtag tr eswet adidluyr itnhgde e caadtfeeW ro rld
88 QUAKERS TUDIES WARD BROADCASTINGT RUTHT OP OWER 89
WarT wo afnldo uridsuhrietndhg le a t1e9 50Bsyy. o kitnogg etthheerts weo
AFSCfer quenatlllyua dse pdiu tb licly plteobd agtertdal ceipi trajselue dliafcn ed
apparednitslctyro eptiiecit pss o ,is bstloei llusbtorttahhte eel uspiotveen taintadlh e
discriomnii npn oastti-WWoarrTl wdo A meriecsap,ae lcalisya pipte airnie tmdso st
inherleinmti taotfci oomnmse rrcaidailaov eahsif corpl reo grersascpiiovaell i tics in
egregfioromusis n t hsee gregSaotue6t Adhs .a 195A9F SC proinmR earca en d
thSeo hu tatnodh ighltihgseht tr enagntwdhe sa kneosfs etAshF eS Cd'iss tinctive
ConsdienAn mceers iucmam arised:
approtaopc rho motriancjgisu atlii cnte h e Saonundta ht ion.
Forf oryteya trhsAe m ericFarni eSnedrsv Ciocmem itthealesa borweidtp hr oblems,
domesatnidcw orld-wwihdiec,sh t abnedt wemeann kianndd t hea chieveomfe nt
THE AFASNCDR ACER ELATIONS brotherahmooondg indiavnidnd autailoAsn c so.n sidepraarobtfol uerr e ceenftf hoarst
beeenx ertteodw arredp lasceignrge gwaittifhor ne edeoqmu,a laintdmy u,t utarlu st.
Ins omwea ytsh ceo ntinueodfs clhaolclyaka t rtenttoi ortnoh leoe ft hAeF SCi n Thihsa bse eann atuerxatle nsoifto hnhe i stoQruiack ecro ncefmo trh wee lfaanrde
righotfps e rswohnosf acper ejuadniddc ie scrimiAn Qautaikoenbr.e litehfa' tt heirse
the rciigvmhiotlvs e meinst puzszilnhicinesg t,o rialnosnb geh eiannv tee riens ted
ofG odi ne vemrayn r'e quilrievsiu nptg ot hbee sitno nes'esal nfdr espec'ttihonafgt
three ligcioooduirsn aotfte hsse o huetrfner edosmt rlu.egN2go nethetlhreeos losef,
Godi'n o the7 rs.
thAeF SCi nt hcei vriilg mhtosv emeanntdt he Commrietltaetei'tosont shhei p
preceopft stRh eel igSioocuyiso e fFt riernedmsa in ulnakrngoe3wlO nyr. i ginally TheA FSCt,h egnr,o unidteesffd o rtpsr otmoor taece iqaula ilnti htSeyo udtehe ipn
foundebdyQ uakeirn1s 9 1t7oo ffceorn esnctiioojbucest oarnas l terntaomt iilvie­ thseo oifll nogstanQduiankge r avnabdle uleisNe efSv.e rthieitls e sism,p ortant to
acknowltehdatgtheC e o mmit'tasec etpivuer soufri atc jiusatlio ctfeep nl acieatdt
tarsyei rcvteh,Ae F SCq uilcydk evelaonpi endt eirnre asctai faafilar msi idto st her
oddwsi tthh e jomiratoyfR eligSioocuisoe ftF yr ieMnedest ingtsh neia nt ion,
commitmteopn etaswc oer akn hdu manitraerliIianetn f.h m ei d1-902s eistt ablished
earniintagr eputaatsai r oant her vraandgiucgaarrlod,u,i p nQ uakceirr cAlne s.
anI nterDriavciistaihlowa nats s u persien1d 9e4bd4y a R acRee latDiiovnissa inodn
AFSCq uestioonnnr aaicrreee l atsieontnto7s 0 0F rieMnedetsi nign1s 96o1n ly
theinn1 95b0ya ComumniRteyl atDiiovnissT ihorno.ut ghhed siev isivoinaas and
elic2i5t0e dr esapl oonwrs aetosef, return Ctohmamti tfttlehetieen dic'alteesds
netwoorffko r maaln idn ofrmlailn wkisto ht hperro gregsrusopiasvn eid n dividuals,
concfeorrnr acree lattihoaonnns we o uledx pefrcotmt hSeo cioefFt ryi e'nW.dsh ile
thAeF SCp layaenid m porptaarintntt he emeorfgam e anscmseo vemefnorct i vil
thger emaajto irtoyf Mienegatsge rde t'hidastc rimisnhaotubileeod nn d e,d 'ltehsasn
rigihntt hsSe o uatnhid n ttrhaeon rsmfatoifro anc oipailn ion thtrhnoeau tgihoonu t
halfr eosfp onadcecnetpstt hneeod t itohna' rtFi ensdhso urleudfs ep,e rsoannadl ly
thaetn abtlheMedo vemetnotti r umpohv esrt atudtiosrcyr imiinnt ahtei ioronen g.
Byt hem id1-95o0nsl oyn et hiorfdt hCeo mmittfeievh'eus n dred-strong coropratteolp ya,r ticiinap naypt aet toefrr anc diiaslc riminsaetgiroienog naa'tn.d
permansetnamtfe fm bewresra ec tumaelmlbye rtsh Reoe fl igSiocoiuesot fFy r iends. Onl4y5p ecre netn dortsheleed g itoifmda icrayec cttpi rono tseuscathsss - i ittnhsa t
NonethetlheAesF sS,Cw aasl waiynes s seanp crea cticalo feQ xuparkbeeesrels fiiso n werdee sigtnode rda matise rcaocniitjnaisulnt uiaecldet ,h otuhgehwr aesg reater
int he saorceiTnahali.d s y namicr ewfalsei cntt heoedr gaantiisosntarlu cotfu rteh e suppfoorr' tro gaantiizodness igtnobe rdi ng changerse linansta 'inh odfuor m an
Commitwtheeera ed minisctornattrrieovsleiw dietadhQ uakeexre tciusvee cretary legisdleadtiicotanoet neddi snegg regSautmiamornii.nz g the reqsuuelsttsi oonf­ the
whor epordtierde tcota lw yh olQluya kBeora rodf D irecatnodor vse rstahwe naiDriec Tka ylooftr h AeF SCc ompilnaetdh awti,ts ho mneo taebxlcee pt'iIotn s,
operatoifvo anrsi poruosg racmommem itdtoemeisn abtyFe rdi e.nC4de straintlhye, seemmso rmee etirnagtrsea caesa p rimacroyn cetrhnat nr eiatat s s u'ch.B y
AFSCd'isv eerffosret sc otmobr aatc diiaslc riomnsi pnraatanisCg h,a irHmeannr y contrtahCseot m,m itdteedei ciattsteeodel xfp oasned dersatcrdioiaysl c riomn8i .n ati
Cadbury iwn1r 9o5t'6erf, o mi detahlahsta vbee epnr actfiorc3 e0dy0 e abryst he Iti sfra beyond the asrctoitpcodel i es ocfu ostfsth hiCeaso l mlm ietetm'asn y
ReligSioocuisoe fFt ryi sen'Ad.tt hhee aorftt h oisdee aClasd,b uerxyp lawianse da, intellmeocrtauplar,la ,c tpiecraslo,na nnedfl i,n anccoirnaitlb uttioot nhesea rly
beliinte hfee q auliotfay l l hbuemianbngef sor eG od, a frorep seprescodtni aglni ty southceirnvr iilgm hotvse meinnat n dye tNaionle.t heiliteus ss sue,ltf oi denftiivfYe
thtarta cnesndreadc riealli,ga innodau tsi doineffarle nacnedss ,ta ef saactdo mmitment kepyh ilosoapnhpdir coaglr amamsapteioccfit trssa cree latwioorinknts h ree igon.
tot h'erf eeex presosf iitohnned ivciodnusaclei 'Ce.in tciQnuga kWeirl lPieamn n's Firusntd,e rpianlnli noAgf F StChp'ers a ctiinciatliw aatasif viaetishn t he idea of
aphortihsa'mtT r guoed lidnoeenssos t turno uomtfet n hw eo rlbdu,et n abtlheesm 'ocnvinc'eom,rpe enrtsutahsriootunhg dehe ployomfee xnetm pmloadreyl rsa coifa l
tol ive ibnei ttat,ne edrx c ittheeesin rd eatvomo ersni d,t C 'adbusrayw theo fw ork reconcialnidba rtoitohne rthoio nosdp wiirdeec rh angienrs a caitatli taundde s
theei ghty thousawnodr ksfeoordou rl sci onawl bhloor awtiitothnh A eF SCa sa pract'iTcheAesm :e riFcraine Snedrsv Ciocmem itftienetd hsat th e tecohfn ique
colleecfotfrittvom e e nad wotrolrbdny w arw,a natn,ad loafcbokrt helrolvye and actudaelmloyn sttrhabete ilntigoew fh icihwt i shpeeso ptloae d heirsoe n,eo ft he
compasSseieoknti.on' gp redviesnctao nrsddu effrnigt'h,Ae F SC st'rtioonv sep ire mosetffe ctfiorvmeso fe ducoan.t'S9ie cotnhdAe,F SCwa s ianlflsou enbcyte hde
understbaentdwiedneignv earnssdeu spipceioopulse s ptrhorgorwuahgmihsbc rhi ng Quaker tbheailtni deifv isdhuoaualllsdw aaycsat c cortdoit nhdgei ctoaftt ehse ir
thetmo getihnoefrrm atlole yx chaindgsee'a .5 ownc onsciaennidcu ter ged pemoapkleep eatr os onalo ftw hieteinforefr sttsso
Int hnei neteceenntthsu riym,ic loanrv ichtaipdol nascQ euda kaerts ft orheefr ont expoasnerd e drreascisijn auls twihceer etvheeeryn counitteT.rh eidr dp,rg orianm ­
ofa ntislaacvteirivynit thyUe n itSetda atnedbs e yo-ndal inetaowg he icthh e mattiecr mtshA,eF SCs ougtho't i mprroavcreee latbiyso encisun regm ployment
opptourniftoriN eesg roienfs i enlodts tradoipteitnoot n haelimln'yi tiinat lhley
90 QUAKER STUDIES
WARD BROADCASTTIRUNTGH T OP OWER 91
Nortbhu,ftor m1 593t hroaungEh m ploymoenMn etr pirto graamdmmei enirsetd
reserfvorwe hdi sta endt hne workweidt bhl accakn didtaopt reesp tahreefm or
byt hCeo mmit'tSseoe uhetastReegrni onOaffli cienH igh PNooirntCtha, r olina.
intervforis euwcsph os tAsn.o thsehrod wes criabne d' expeirngi omoednwtii nl l'
Fourittsh u,p poarntwdeo dr kfeordt hdees egarteigoofsn o uthpeurbnls icch ools.
Georwghiear teh AeF SCr aann i netgrawtoerdk camp.15
Fitfhi,pt r omontoendv iodlicerntaet c tiporenos ttta catisamc esa ntsoe ffepceta ce­
.10 Thes'ee xperiwmeerpneot rrsat'dy ae sad riecchta llteosn egger edgn aotremasn d
fuls occihanalg e
racaisussmtp tiEovnesir.ny t etgdeAr FaSpCr joeccta,m opr,w orskhodpi scuosns ed
Ino tfne ambiguooucascs niaaonllduy n eacsoym baiitnont,h epshei losophical
airre presented amno edelox fre amcpailmaailrt y'y al, i vidnemgo nstroaft ion
imperaatnitdvh ees prparcortgaimcmatelhs e gyen erastheadp eAdF tShCee'ff sor ts
interrac.i.w. ahli clhi vbirnegsa tkrese odtoaywnprndee sp lmaicseoisrmn aftiboan sed
tob roasdttc hateur tohf r aaclei qauliatnydh umabnr hoethrootdot hpeo weorf
on loafac ckt euxaple re.i .eT.nh cidsem onstroafit nitoenr raciaialsl nhsoaotr mony
racbiiaglo tirnyt,on lce,ear nadd iscrimiTnhaetayil osdnoei. fn etdh set yalned
lotsott hceo mmuniinwt hyi cshu cahg ro upils i vainnwdgo rki.1n6S gu'c ihn ter­
cotnenotft hAeF S'Cs oufrs aed tioso p reama eds saogfie n trearcgioaowldi alnlt do
racpiraolg ramamnedss c hemweesra et t hhee aorftt hAeF SCc'osn vincement
stimulloacatanelnd a tailoi,nn divlic,do ummaunala,nf ded eraolp postiot itohne seg­
doct,rw ihneteheorno ro f-fa.iA rst hCeo mmitteexep laiinanr eedq uteots htLe i lly
regatainoddin ns rfenachiseamtte hnhete aorftt h e SoJuitCmhr 'ossw y esmt.
Foundattioho enlf pun di tpsu blsicch oionltr eagtpiroong raimntm heSe o ut'hoe,n
oft he msoisgtn nitfa icictvaisto ifoe urp rjoecwta st haotfb ringtiongtgeh eirn
THEA FSCE'AsRL YR ADIOI NITIATIVES semintaaehcresra sna dd mintiissvtterf afra fomb otthhN ee graonw dh idtiev isoifo ns
thsec hosoyelsmt 'A.sb laacnkwdsh itmeesit n t hesseet toitfnnegf sor, tfhietr ism,te
TheA FSC miatdfsei rssetr i-oaunsnd o ne-itmopor-es-astitveem tpout ssre a dio 'iwtas a ne y-eopenfeomrra 'n ayn adw holrea nogfefea rasn pdr jeudicbeesg aton
top romeot toleraannrdce oecn ciliiantt hireoca nia arle dnuar itnhgme i d9-410s. melatw a'y:We c ombi.n.r.e edp rnettsaievoefts h ael recaodvnyi ncoenid n gtreation,
Soemo ft heiasr Cloym mitptreoeg ramwmasid nigs tinctlyi nol roicagainlnd both thuen ceratnaditn h,oe p peo.dsF ort hmeo spta rtth e alcroenavdiynw ceerde
intenadudeindec eI.nN ovemb1e4r96 f,or e xam,pt lheSeo uhetsateArnr eoaff iicne strenngedt ihnte heciorn vinnctet,mh eeu ncerbteacianmc eov nincaendd, the
High Ploaiunntca hw eeedk lEyd ucfaort iPosenea rcoiene n sea rbWyB IG-Greens­ opposeeitdh er ubneccearmitenta hienoi prp osiotrwi eorne witlo'l giaonl go ng
boro, an purnougsruesasolstulihyve sernt atwiiotnh tloiB neknsn eCtotle lf eorg witthh ceh an'gYeW "h ats ucah s emincaoru ltodu ndermriancebi iaglo try,
blawcokm eann dv ariloaubsgo roru p1sT .h1es howcso veart eydp lir cnaageo f mistraunsrdte ,s isttoia nntcreeaig tofnor d ozeonfps a rtnitcrsia,pd acioou dlodf or
AFSCco ncernsr ellwiiokerefak n ndu cldeiaasrrm aemntb,ua tl isnoc luddiesdc us­ tenosft housoaflnidsst eners.
sioonf's p eacemiantk hien gl ocal ctohmaamtdduer nsisttehydqe' u ,e stoifro anc ial Potentoinaoelf tl hyme,o ssti gnnitof picpauonrtitiste op romeot thAeF SCr'asc ial
prjeuidcaen dd iscrimiinnN aotritCohan r ionlaO.t1h2e era rAlFyS Cr adpiroo ­ aegndoan a icra mien N ovemb1e49r9 w,h etnh Ceo mmit'tRsea ediDoi rector
garmmetsh ahti ghhltdies gouthrearcinin aelq uawleirtderii eecst meodrt eo wards GeorLgoetfa rranfgoCerl da rePniccekt eoat ptp eaalros nigdheiA sF SCc olleague
natai-loannsdo mteimsepsef cciailnloyre trh-nauidenicenas ne ffotrost t piorp aurl Errollo nEa lnel diiottoi fCo Bn S'pso pluaCrh urofc thhA ei prr ogra.Wm hmeile
andu ltimagtoeevnrlmye ntoaplp osittoJi iomCn r owI.n1 497t,h Ceo mmittee Elleixoptl atihnee dh isdteveolroipcmaoelfQn uta kerism,u sePtdih cpeka estttot
prepaarb erdo adfcoatrs htle o ng-ruNnenwiW nogr Al-dC ogmr iandsieor oine s empahsitshece o ntemproerlaervyoa fnF crei ebnedlsi'te otfS h osseeie nkgm oar e
WMCA-NeYwo rtkh darta madtt iheseve enotfts hF ee llowosfhRiepc onciliation's harmonjiuosuatsn,,d towloerrl'adn10.ty5 e arasg o JWoohonla mno,n oef t hmeo st
(FO)RJ ourneoyfR ecocniliatthoiruognth h uep peSro utthot etshtre e gion's consiQsutaeknettrh csio su nhtarpsyr odurceeufsdde,t oe amte ailnhs o mewsh ere
copmliawnicteth h eS upree Cmour1t4'96sM ograrnu ilntgh adtec larreadc ial foodw asp reparseldea svbP'yi, c kteotlhtdi l si steners.
segarteigionin n taetrtesar tnsrptoatuinocnso tnitu1t3io nal.
Hed iwdh ahte c outlodh eatlhw eo unodfst hsel abvueht e s awt hceo n·oasnidv e
ManAyF SCbr oadsctarsettsshs ieen dt ecrinraaalt uorfie to sw np eacheo,u sing,
harderneisnuoglfs tlvsaeh oldoinnt ghs el avehAonldhd een re.vr eers utnetdhi ehl a d
anrde ufgeree lpireofg rasmI.mn e stuhmem oefr1 497 ,for e xampalnAe F,S C' Peace
donaelh lec outlod awiankt ehmnea nw hop rofbiyts eldal vaeb aow ri llintgon ess
Caravwaansb' r oadocnaK sRtE S-JSots eph, Missshooufwear tiu.r weThdhie ets , relehaissslve ae s.
AfricAamne ircaannsd,H ispaAnmiecr icdainssc uissssirunaegns g frinogmt he
Them oraforlm odeArmne ircawnassc leeanro ugihtw:a s e verriyg ht-thinking
UnitNeadt iotnhsr,odu igashr maemntto,t hper obledmiss cpoelpfdae rsaonntdsh e
cizteind'ust tyos hudni scrimiinnasttoirttyuo tc ioonendmsnr, a cbiiaglo atnrdy
neefdor i nterarnaidcn itcaeulrl tduilraoaglau need d uca.t1Si4io mnilaamrolntygh, e
ijnustiwchee reivatep rp eaarnetddot , a kset etpoes d uect ahtbei gaostts ot heer rors
ten sphroowdsu bcyte hdAe F SCfor W FLN-iPlhealdpahi ni1 499w aso ne on the
oft hewiary Psi.c kceotntc lu'diietssd ae ,tf os abyas,e odn h issu cctehstas i,sf m aal l
Commietet''Asp plPirceapnatr Partoigorna' mB.mi elalse d'a and venitnhu urmea n
pernctgeaeo ft hCeh risotfhiiadsnas hy ad f ollowedc otuhrtishsee ,wr oeu lnde ver
relattihoipnsrs or'ag mmwea s vaa rnitoa nt hAeF SCE'msp loymoennM te rit
havbee eanC ivil AWnadtr h.Ne e grmoi norpirtoyb lmeimg hwte lhla vhea rdly
scheimnwe h icshtf am fembevrissd ib tuesionwensesar nsmd a ngaersin a ne ffotrot
exis1t8e d'.
perseu tahdetmo c onsiedmepryl ionAgfr icAamne riciannj so btsr aditionally
92 QUAKESRT UDIES WARDB ROADCASTTIRUNTGH T OP OWER 93
Thiksi nodfa ppetaoil n divlci odnuesancceia ncdo nviwcatasib osno lutely centrals ustapirnoignrga sm,omr se imptlhyae i rionflg o cparlo gramcmoenss idbeyr ed
tot hAeF SCa'psp rotaotc hhe 'prraoecbmeli' nA meriIcnRa a. caenC do nsctiheen ce, KYW tob eo fg eratienertr eEsvte.n maolraer mtiotn hgAe F SCa,n idn dicoaft ive
Committeeceh oPeikdce twto'rsda sb oWuoto mlanb yi nsistthia'ntTg oa dyt here KYW'isn crenaesrivnogu asbnoetushtswe h olperj ocetw,as t hset iaotni'nss istence
arneo i nnocbeynstt asn'id,nte hrqeu efsort j au ssotc iety. thtahtte i miem medteilfayol lowiCnogm mai tbtreoea dschaosubtlel d et ff eref ora n
instraenbttut oafla nythtihnaAgtF SCc ommenthaatdos rasiT dh.e staaltsioo n
Thef irssttes pt awrittsyh o uw heryeo ua reY.o ua raew itn-efsosrr i gohrtw rong.
reuqirtehdAe F SCt os ubmais tu mmaorfiy tp rormagmes croinpt th Meo nday
Youh avaec hoitcome a k.e. S.i nycoeu dra illiytf oeu chtehpser obloefsm esg regation,
youm usrte sotlovs ee paryaotuer sferlodfmi scrimiinnya otuiproe nr soancatli vaintdi es beofrteh sec hedSuulneddba ryo adscota hsaitttc o ubledv ettfoercd o enntt.24
19
associations. On1 6F ebru1a9r5ty1h Ae F SBCo aredx'esic vuceto mmitdteceiedt ehdta hte re
wersei mptlomyoa nsyt riantgtsa ctoht ehKdeY W deaaln d tphuietd eoaf r ae gular
In1 499h,o weev,rn oatsm anpye oeph leatrhdmi ess saognre a daiso theh aAdF SC
promgrmaeo nh olwdh iilmtea dfeur thienrq uiarbiobeursto adcparsottionacgno dl s
hopeTdh.eC hurofc thhA ei brr oadwcearsuets su ally caabror7ui5tse a tdt iboyn s,
possibiTlhieCt oimmeist.t aepep roatchhFeee dd eCroamlm unicaCtoimomniss sion
inclu1d3is noghu etranff ielsib,au tnto s uothesrnt ataicoecnpst tehdse h owwh en
tos eietf h diesg roefce o ntceonntt wraoasltc uallealgylb ,ut th Ceo mmisuspihoenl d
PickaentdEt l laipopte da.Tr heissi leonfecfree mdu ttee stitmoot nhyAe F SC's
thlee tgiimcayo fK YW'rsu lDeess.p eet rofa itnd anloetdshemsea rn,d ianngd less
repauittoansu n equiovpoopcnaelno tJfs i Cmr oawn odt hfeormrs o fr acdiiaslc rimi­
timoourpsa ret,rn the AFtSlakCe tdao tl hsrooe teh Pehri ladsetlapthiiWoaIn Ps,-
natiIoatnl .ps ooe rndtedt he protbhAleFe SmwCso uledn cuontientr h 1e59 0assi t
WFIL, and TWhCeAsfUace.i liptrioevesequ da lrleyl ucttoaa snstoe cw iiatathn
sougthoct a pitoanlr iasdeie ol'ussp ioveten ttioas lh aaptet eistdu,id sceoa unrds
organitshatawt aisno onot n lcyo mmitttoae tdt acrkaicndiigas lc rtiimoibnnu,tat h ta
practiintc heresa cairaael2n. 0
also adrveocccoaintleidwa ittithoh Sneo viUenti oann ndu ecaldria srmamaettn hte
Byi tosw na dmissitohAenF ,S Ci'nsi t'iefoafrltt sor eatchhwe i deAsmtei rcan
pubtlhicr ougmhed tiuhomefr adwiaors e strtioc otirenmdfsa plop tr ogr2a1Tm hsi's. heigohftt h Ceo lWda ra nadn ticomzmuenailisonAtt m reyr iOcna8 .M arc1h91 5,
thAeF SaCb andointhesod p oeffs i ndaip negrm anehnotmfe or i tpsr romagmesw ith
mainilnyv odlg varespioncgco ansagilu esslto ftorCs ommittreeep erntetasisvo en
aniyn divli dsunta2.aD5te ieopfrluyrs attiestdl ,a sihtresad d biuode gtfro mU S$10 ,000
esatblisnhetewdo rrka dsihoo wlsi kCeh urofc thh Aei arn dN BC'pso pluaTrh e
UniveorfCs hciiat'gyRso o unTda bolnew ,h ich thset faA-fiFnScCl u'dmienangn d toU S$0205a nd reasRasdiigoDn ierde cGteoorr Lgoetf t oo theCro mmittee
womeonf c olwohro,f ee lde epltyhu ep seu rgonfe was enosfde i gniinct oyl onial businBeyts hste.i moeft hBeo arfdi'nnsca ceo mmitmteeeet iinnOg c otbe1r59 1,
peop-laepsp'eaornfe idvs eu cscseiSvuen dianym sid 1-905?T2h eC ommietetf'isr st radwiaors ankleadas mto ntgh beu dgeittaerumyps f onre gaottiiwohni,Pl ue blic
sustaeiffnoetrdotr efYc tithpiasr laonurdsta hepra rasaidht oircce latiwointshh ip RelatiDoinrse cJtaomreK sav aungahwa sc opmellteoad dm itth a'tW eh avbee en
networrka dciaom deu rilnag1t 5e90 a neda r1l9y5w 1he tnh Ceo mmittbeuede gted tyrintgo" geotftf h gero undi"nt hfiilsed fo trh lea tshtr yeeaer bsu,ht a evng'ott ten
6
US$10,00f0or sai x-moenxtphe riimnhe inrtia nigr tfiormw ee ekAlFyS Cn ews verfyra 2'.
comemntarsoi neK YW- Philealhdpi.aT hes tatwiasoa nn NBaCff il,ai lattehough
atfetrh Ceh urocfth hA ei erx pereit ehnecrel iwtaotsptl iem itshmat th essheo ws
EDWITN. R ANDALLA NDF RIENDLWYO RLD BROADCASTING
woulbdep ickuepbd y m anoyf t hneet wo'rssko huetranff iliIantsetsie.wta ads,
intednt dhetata poefts h ber oadwcoausltbdsed irsitbuttore edg iAoFnSalCo ffices Itw asi nt hmei dstt hAeoF fS Cg'rosw indgi silluswiiotinhtem sfeo fnrtit snr adio
where imnotriem laotcceao lan cttssu,ca hst he onHei gtPhho ei onffti hcaed thsaatl tviaoonfs aoa rptep adri ent hpee rsoofEn d wiTn.R andlalF.ot rh bee psatr t
cultiwviattWheB dI Gm,i ght uoppg ereatne orp oprtunOint2i F eesb.r u1a59r1y, ofad ecadteh,se t oorfty h AeF SCe'ffso rttous s e rtaopd rioome o tcriivgiwhlat ss
thmea neamgenotfK YW agreteobd r oadtchasesh to wpsr,o vitdhiatnhtgAe F SC inextrliikcneatdbo lt yhe effo rtosfR andaanlhdli 'sF ernidWloyr lBdr oadcasting'
agreteowd a nrt hset atmiaonna gnemtie na dvanocfae n pyo etnitalcloyn troversial prjoecRtan.da lslo,on f Mae thomdiinsits atnederd ucawtasob ro,rn i nL eanv­e
sujbecmatt t2e3r . wortKha,ns so an3 0J un1e98 6A.ft re lae ngptehryia ocdc omypianhngi s peripatetic
Thipsr ovwiassmo e reltyh feri sotf wah olsee roifee ss caldaemtainndgas n d fathearr oundc oturhnyeat nds tai inntt h Aev itaion SectSiiognn Caoolfrs p tsh e
caveiantotsdr ucbeyd KYaWn idt osw nsetr,h Wee stingChoorupsoer abtaisioennd , duirnWgo rlWda rO neh,es ecurdeedg rfaeor emN otrhwesUtneirnev rswiotryk,e d
WashingDtCo.Fn i,r KsYtW, i nsdit shtatethse h ow shoturlaednr srbffreeod m a foarw hialasen ewspjauoprenra alniadsas tp robaotffiicobener of reem barkoinan g
paitdi me tsoal f eoretp ublsiecr vsilcoOetn .o nel evtehlmi esna tt hatthA eF SC careienrr a dRiaon.da lwlas a blteoc ombihnitesce hnitcraali fnorimnt ghm ei litary
woulsdav meo nesyi,n icdtei ndo nte etdob uayi rt.Oi nma entohelre vheolw,ee vr, withhi sst rosnogc ial andc ornevliictgtoiib ooeuncsseo mthen atioRnadailo
itma dteh seh owfrasm orveu lnertaobb eliedn rogp peodrs hunatreodu tnhde Direcotfto hre ChrRiusrltaO ivaenr sPeraosg ramHmeea .l shoo stpeodpl uar
scheedsuW.hl ilKeY W assutrheAedF SCt hatth seh owwso ulndo bte m oved commerpcrioramgalm eso ns tatiino nsMe ianpnolPiasu-PlSh,ti ellahpdi,aa nd
with'oguotc oadu 'ts ehwiasso flitctomlfoer sti nce c'agu'osc oeodu ilndc elt uhde WorhtingtnoenaC,ro lumbu0s h,i oi,n wwhasiw hcehr heew asw oriknign 1 590
saolfet hael lo'trfteeetdi' m sel toota p ayicnugs to,tm heserc heduolfni entgw ork whehne a pproatchhAeeF dS Ca bomuatki nsgo mper ograomnmi etbsse half27
94 QUAKESRT UDIES WARD BROADCASTINGTR UTH TOP OWER 95
OhiQou akeGre,og reA .P atrtseoand,v dit shee Commtiott atkeseee riyo usl
modersa ttoneefs trudgt gocl oepwei th racial wcerhdeae nevgleospm iutnchgha t
Randlalo'vse rsta ubroe'uhttep ossibfiorlr iatdwyio or iknp ublyif cori ttSheer vice
more kqluayin crda dictahlatlnhy eg irra duacloiuaslcmdc omamto,ed Ranbdrailelf' s
Commit'tP.ea etteerxspolnat ihnRaeatdn dhaal'dld elvoepael da rlgies tpenuibnlgi c'
radsiloof tousn de vewri deexr puorsien t hSeo uth.
onW FRDW-orthinagntwdoa nvs e rgyo oadti ntervipeewoip.Mnl oger eovheer ,
Bye alry1 597R,a ndwaalaslb lteor peortth iantt hper evitowuyose aart so tal of
vouchfeorRd a ndlals'pse ciinateles irtnc ivriilg ahntdsp eaicses uneost,it nhga t
77s ohuetrsnt athiaordneq su esatltee da stt aopfrneoe mh im-an5d9h aads kfeord
influentials terGgaaitnasdnthds i oamtnei mAeF SCw orkBearay rRd ustwians moert haonn .eM oreovwehri,tl hee cslei einntcsl umdaendty i ny loca1l2 outlets,
amontgh oisnet erdv.i'e Hwheea cso nsidkenroawbdllgeeoe ft he AaFnSwdCh aitt werpeo ewrufSlO,OOO-swtaatttwi iotenhnso rmoruesa Ncho.ta l olft h tea ptehse se
hadso naen wdh aitit ts r iyntgo d o'P,a ttecrosnotni n'uHeheda d.si scuosnas ierd sohuetrnf cailireqtiueessp teerdt dat iorn aecrleea tiYoenetsv .eo nnt hmioss fti ·aught
the FaOnRtd h Fee[ deraEle[]m ploymPern[atc)t iCc[oemmsi)s siwoonr)k thoef ofs ubcjtetsh,e wraes s taey ai dncrienad seem and.e xaFmoprl2 e0s, t atiinto hnes
2
AFSCa nd[ ifsea)r slsoe fc ontrovesrusbijiaeflcp trasi nciiispn lveo l.8v ed' Souttoho Ckl anrcePei ckeFtetb'rsu1 a59r6ry pe orfrto mM ontgomoenrt yh e bus
Frotmh AeF SCp'esr speRcatnidvael l'sw aaesps ppreloclatiyci ahm egliynv e the boyctohtatht a db rougMhatr tLiunt hKeirn tgo p ublnioct ,ii cneclutdhirnege
sorsrtya otfie t osw ne fftostr ou srea idoN.o to nldyi idt a pproovfRe a nd'asl l Alabasmtaa tainobdnl sa ck-oWrDiIeAnit nMe edm ph.i3Is1nl at1e59 8b,r oadcasts
attachtmote hnneto nvinotpl reotteasctpt riocpso uanndpder da cdtb iyRc uestainnd applaudeifonfrgot fts2h 0ec0 i0tn istz ope ersuagdoev rnetohroe fV irgtionr oieap en
FORb,u itat p preciafcattteh dca ott shteto s AtFhSewC o uld be Rmainndlialm'asl . thpeu blsicch osoyls tienNm o frol-kwhiclhol ca authoshr iactdli oedsoewdrn a trh e
prodiuocnwtse rien itfiunadldeli ynp arbtya s maFlolr Fdo undagtriatotn not he thacno mpwliyt ahc ouorrtdr te oi nteg-rpartoev eevde mno rpeo upla'rT.eh
AFSCb,u t mouftc hhme o necya moeu otf hoiwsn p ockWeotr.k ionnga s hoe­ Norofltka psee etmosh avset adr tae okfib nrduf seihr' R,a ndwarlolt e eedxltcyoi t
strbiundgg beutdt,r invb eya f iecrocmem itmteosn otcj isuatli, Rc aendall produced HaroFllde mienxge,ci vudeti erctooftr h Seo uhterRneg ionCaolnu ci(lS R,Ct )he
litetrhaolulsyoa fnf dievst- o-semviennut taep readd silood tusr itnhg1e 5 90(s4 19 rgeiolne'asd biin-gr aLciibeaorlra glia snat3i2o n.
beteweOnc tob1e59r4a nSde epmtbe1r59 5a loonena) lm la nnroe fto pciecnst troa l Iites a styod etetchtie m proifnd tai stinQcutaikvaeetrlt yi ttouwdaecr odnsfl ict
thAeF SCm'iss siionnc,l umdainnydg ev otetdod evleopmeinnst osu threarnc e rseoluatnisdoo nc jisuatlio cnte h ese brTohaidiscnt,a u srnht,es l.tp oes x plwahiyn
rleatnis2o.9 Ranadlplr'osd ucmtainoandgts eo f inabd e rths oohunet rrna deivoe anst hfeor ces
Oneo fheiasr lsiuecsctew sasasse esrs i eof firvpeeo rbstyhts oh AretF SCI'rse ne ofw histeeg graetiornseiissttw aenrcee gatshtnergretiahnn gtd h peo ilcionfrg a cial
Osbnoero nt hed esgergeatioofsn c hoaonldos t hpeurb laiccc omamtoidoinns orthodboexcya mmoeer s treinntAg.mi dg rowimnigl itoannb coyts hie dso ft he
Washinn,gDt Co,w hichhat da kpelna wciets he emilnigtlotypl peo spirtiitoootrn h e racdiiavlei ,Rd and'asplr lograsmc moensisftoceunstoelndys toroifie nsd ividual
SupremCeo urBtr'osdw enc isoinso cnh odoeslee ggratiinMo any 1 594O.s boern, redmeptiaonndc ommunricetoyn ciliTahteiyt howrn e.t hes ploitgohntc alm,
howevseterrs,s tehdfe ca tt hatth tiirsu mpwha sn oo verniogchcrteur nce, but the rseposniblleeea rdbso,t bhl aacnkwd h itweh,oe schevwieodl eannccdeo ercainodn
rseulotf a plaoinngs,t eaxkeirncigin gs rea sscroomomtusn miotbyi lisaantdi on faovuredida l,oe gduuceatainomdno ,r alsuianos reidror nse oltvheSe o utrha'csi al
dialowgiuttehh sec hoaoult ihtoiraensdo thmeurn icainpdfaed le rlaela dSehres . crisisi.ne aTrh1lu59ys6 w,,h enC larnecPei ckrepetotr toentd h Qeu akmeirs stioo n
nottehdAa FtS Co rgarnshi asbdee epna tiewnotrlkyi'o nfrmg o rteh aayn e abreo fre Mongtometroys upptohrbetu bso yciowtta ts, c'otmom ernsedop nsipbalreto ine s
thdee sgergeatiporno grabmemgea Anl't.h otuhgehty o ladd ramasttioctr hye,s e botshie dsfor a voidoafnv cieo leinntc here ae l vaenrdsy e ricoounsfl tioct ta,tl ok
radsihoo wwesr e clearlaysm oerntevh iamsnea rgreepe dor ta.Tg heep rograsm me botshi daenstd o discoverv atlshui een vheoudlmR'vae.nv a elin,Rg alnydwaalaslt
werdees igdnt eob ee ducatainoidnn aslp iraOtfifioennrga la. tAyFpSiCc avlalryi ant paitnosa ssutrheo sseoh uetrsnt atciooennsmtp lataiinrgit nhgeM ongtomery
ont hec onvincedmoercnit,tnt ehewye rdee sigdn teos howo thesro uthern broadtchaas'ttIv, ter yd efinidtoeelnsyo rtpe restehnet apporfao g arcohuo pf
communihtoiwpe esa uclei nfgtretaiocno ubleda chi.e' vWeef deelth aagt r aetd eal northerners tuotn ledplee roetpw alhkatitond gob ,u otfa g rooufp Chrpiesotpilaen
habse elne arntehdam ti ghbteh eluplaf nedn croaugitnoog t hefcarisn tgh sea me seektioun ngd ersats aintdu aitnwi hoincp he oepo lnb otshi sda erter iyntgo w ork
proebmlsR'a,n dwarlolt ienh ibsl uernbc roaugisntga ttiooc nosni dseari ritnhge oubta ffiipnrgo blientm resm so ft hCeh riswtaiyoa fln ei _'f3 3
shows.30
Int hrisesp eRcatn,d dailslp lgarayestee dn sittoti hvmeio teryso ft he wShoiutteh
Givnet hesiurb jmeacttti ewtra ,ls i tstulrept rhifasewte s ohuetrns tataicocnesp ted asic to nfrontdeedgs retgehaet icorniH siibssr .o adccaaruseltfelscy h oaet dr aditional
the chtaobn rcoea dOcsabsoter 'ansc cotuson fh owb laacckt ivhiashdme lpteod sotuhewrhni etmep ahsoinsi ndeingoeuffso rttsop ropeai gnattergroaocdiwaailsl l
secure the pderseee-ggeramtpoitfoWo nar syh in'gpstu obnlsicch ools.2 1O f the thkee yt om aintaciinvioinrcgd aenrds ochiaaml1 0.In ty was Rbaencdaaulsle' s
stataiiorntishn regpe orotnsl,fyou rw erbea sientd h Seou thW:T SP-PSett ersburg, messasgs eeedms eor aessurfimaniglliayan rdrle atimvoedleyr iantt hehe e aorft a
FliodrWaG;A P-aMryv,Ti elnlneesWsDeVeA;- Dan,vV iilrligeaian;n KdF YOL-ub­ maelstorfpo rmo taecstti vity dainsdeo rrts,dho aacttli eaaslso tms eo uthern broad­
bocTke,x aWsh.i lteh is mwoadseb seatg innRianngdw,aa lfslra f ormd ishteneaerd. castsearws t foui stteh me.M oreovbeyr e,sss tirngm otrhcaeool r dinoaftt hees quest
Over ntexhtfeew yeaarsts h,ce a mpaaigganis nesggtra etigoantrh deem omentausm , toa bolriaschdi iaslc riminpartoigorna,sma mlteshhoae td h cea patcoip tryit chke
whiMtaes sRievsei sttaont cheac ta mpahiagerndn eadn,da s s uothewrhni trea cial rleigicoounss cioefwn hcietsseo t uhernceornss:c itehnawcteer saep oetnitawlea k
96 QUAKER STUDIES
WARDB ROADCASTTIRUNTGH T OP OWER 97
liniknt he wshtirtuegt gopl ree seJrivmCe r owU.l tiemlayat,sh istoDi;"aviiadn
peercflta wB'e,n neutrtgde thAeF SCt ot akaem ore praagpmpartoiaacnc dh
Chapphealaslr g umeods,dt ev ouwth isteoh uetrnfeiarlste odf inidnt herileri gious
initpiuarlslauly ei mdib tietlhlaw to uledn dr acdiiaslc rimiinng aotvieornnnt mael
belsit ehfe same jssuctriifpitacunardtsa iploi nr iitnusapli rfaortt ihofeni gthot
aegnciaenspd r aects'i.Tc hiissh' ea, r gu'epde,r htahpfesi ,ro spotpr tunsiitntych ee
maintsageirgnea tiaotan lc lo stthsab tl ascokhu etrne-rasn md anoyf t hierw hite
30s moovfi tnhgCe i vRiilg hLtesg iisvlseat toorffyd e adc eenrtI'n.c rempernot­al
all-ifeousndfor t hefiirgt hodt es trioty. 34
grsehse rBee,n nfeelttct,o ublrde tahkle o gjoafcm o negsrsiionnaaclat nisdoe nr ve as
Randla'slsu cciengs asi naicncgte os sla eta sts oshuoetmresnt athiaomdnu sc tho
ane xemplaryf ormc oodmeephlre nslievgei sliantt hifeout nu .re3T6h e palpable
dow itthh wea yi nw hichhi s broraepdlciacsaart thsete do roifmc o derahtoimoen , ��
tnesionn e nenttm'emso b etewetnh per actdiemcaanldo sfp oli-tgietctsitnhge
rulaen,id n rtreacuinadle rstfamanidlitinaomgr a nsyo tuhewrhni st e-asnodm oef
besltes gltattthoawnta sa vail-aabnldte h em orailm peirvaet steoeb kr oard e
threge ioAnfr'isc Aamner icatnosoN,e. v erltehstesh,ew reer iem pordtiaeffnrte nces
legistlhaawttoi uolnod u tldaiws criimoaintan lalltee vlosfs coiewtaysr,fe lceteidn
beteweRna ndaltlh ea nAdaF nSmdCo ssto huetrn-bawsheidrt ae cpiraoleg srsives
manoyft hAeF SCi'nst edrebnaastlo e ni tasp protaopc rho miontmge angiufnlr acial
whos tfivalolu raeg dr adpuraolc oefrs asc cihaaln tghepe,a caen tdrj aetcoroyfw hich
chagnei nt hSeo utIhta. l saon imdat theAeF SCd'esb asat beouta ptphreo priate
wast ob ed etreminleadr gbeyfl olyk msu clhi ktehe msseT.lh vee AFmSaCyh ave
contoefEn tdR andlalr'asd wioor ikn ltaht1ee 59 0s.
preerfrdeida loagnucdeo nse,bn usituwt sa usn equiivnio tcpsau lb lsiucp pfoorrt th e �
A othfeatro thdaitns gtuisthhAeeFd SfrCo m mwohsitst oeu threarncp iraol­
immedieanttdeo s gergeatiodni nsafrenadn chisMeomreenotvu.en rl,im koes t white � � �
grsestovreg saamttwoantssst s uppfoorrm ta sbsl adciekrc atc tciaomnp atiogh nassnt e
sohuetrrna cpiraoleg sirsvetsh,Ae F SCh adfew problweimtsth h ied eoafu sing
theen odJf i Cmr opwr actpircoevsit dhitanhtgde em onstr-alitkoterh soC slea rence
federaalu thyot rohi etlrpae litshegi osa l.
Pickheatdlt a uded on-air fro-mu sMeondno tngveoincmoe.elF rryo mt heir
While Quhaakvoeetfr nes b eewna rayb otuhtce o ercdiivmnees ioonfss t ate
incieopnEt,dR andlalr'asdp iroo grahmamfrdee sq uenptrloym oterdi gtohhutese ­
powearn cda utiaobuopsuo tl i-toircp aelr s-onloablb yfiornm ga noyf t hsea me
nesassw,e l alst heef fievceet�s,os fn onviodlicertnae tc titoanc tBiydc osi.sn ogt, h ey
philosorpeahsiocntashlp,e o uplanro titohnat th ehya vbee edni sirentstdeei no,r
hahde lpteoed xe tnpdu bhacw aerneasnsd g oao ddea lo fp opular faorpt phreo val
somehaobwo vteh,we o rlodfp oliatnildce sg isliasmt iisolne,aI dnJi uneng1 .49 3,
usoefr adiGcaanld,h icainvd,ii ls obediinte hnpecu er soufqi uti ntessAemnetriia­lly
thFer ieCnodmsm ittoeneN atioLneagli sl(aFtCiNoLwn)i ,t h AvFeSrtCae En.
cadne ocrartiigchItn1s 59.6 f,or e xampolneep, r ogrammfeea thudar deE nglish
J_U
RaymoWnidl saosint f si erxestuc tisveec rtyeh,ta abde efnou nddeo nt hceo nviction _
GandahnRt egmalRdey nolady sea;rl artJ eameBsr istthoAelF ,S Cd'iscr teoorf
tha'tWe a sF riehnadvaser esopnsibtiocl ointtyr iasbb uetwseetm ayt ot he shaping
PeacEed ucathiaodtn a,ld k aebou'tth meea nionfgn on-vieo alsae m necanosf
ofw isaen rdi glhetg isilnat thoiasoerena isnw hicohup rr incainptdlh ecesa uwsee s
bringaibnogus to ccihaaln 'gd erawienxga mpfloremsM ontgomaenrdSy o hu t
beliienav rece l osaeffelcyt eRda'c.ij auslt iwcaeso nes uccha uasneda montgh e
Africa.37
FCNLe'asr lciaemspta wiegrntesh oasgea itnhspeto lla-ntodat xh uenred mocratic
Oneo ft hmeo satt trafceattiuvorefen so nvioplreontfteor ts hto asses aotcewidi th
impednitmtseov otirnigg ihntt shS eo uatnhfd or faed eraaln tic-hliybnnigl l.35 � �
thAeF Swaist psoe tntioarbl r ingaibnogau nte ntdo r acdiiaslc rimnionbtay t ion
InJ uen 159,5 mao ntahf rtt ehSeu preCmoeu rste'cso Bnrdo rwunl irnagid s e
compsutlobnu,bt y r edmemega ncdo nverstoihunetgrnw hihteea arntds miTnhdiss.
seeggratiaonxniiestbtiy ce asl lfiorsn cgh odeoslee ggratwiiot'nha d lelli besrpaeteed ',
iso er aesown� yR andlailklte ofd ea tusroeu thceornn veerevtnsg ,r udgainndg
as ecmreemto fo rmD icBke nnttes,ce retoaftr hyAe F SCC'osm munRietlya tions �
eqmvocoanleh sk eO marC armicthhaseeu lp,e rienntotefs n cdhoionLl osus iville,
Prograaffmi,rd mt ehe impoorffte daenrccaielvr iilg lhetgsi silnah taisotnnegt n hie
KentucIkn1y 59.7 n,i nseo uthsetrna tiionncsl,u tdhie5n 0g, 000-WwSBai tnt
traonrsmfatoifos no huetrrna crele atiJounsasts.t heF CNL hade cshewetdh e
Atlta�t,o oaks hofwea turCianrgm ieclha'acsc ooufns tc hodoesle ggraetiionn
tratdiio'npaloi lcipatrle ssmuerteh oodfls o bbmiaeisn tdab iygn reouwposr kiinng �
LomsvtAlllheo.guh n a vowdse upptreo rsoefg graetiCoanr,m ilc hharaeledua cnttly
thiero wnn arrionwte esrtisno' r drte o' woirknt hmea nnaenrd spFirriietn dosf, �: �
_
accepttee mdp hcatowftn hsBe r odwecni siaonnddsu tuilflbeyg utnhi en taetgiron
presenotuirpno gi onftv iwe toi ndivmiedmubaelor fts h Heo ues andS ena.t.e. �
oft hLeo msvtslclheos oyls ttehme,r perboyv ildeiarndsgeh iinwp h aRta ndgaulslh ed
enedavortion gwt ihnae s seofnr tae sobnlamei ndasn edn lsiysmtp astw hiittehh e �
was'n eo f emt osrtme arkadbemloen straotfri aocdniemsao lc raicnoy u hri st.o ry'
objecstoiuvgeshsot B 'e,n npertotp owsoerdk ibnegh itnhdse c enteoes n cuorage ?
Ona tCra,r cmhiaferelel cyo enssfehdi osw n surapttrh siems oeho ntewsistw hh icah
rleuctcaonntg resasnmdse enn attoosr usp paob ritl l 'wwohuilfcdorh b iadn y
substaamnotuionaftsl c hoionlt egrhaatadil ornet aadnkyp e laacnead t t hfeca tt hat
Governmfreonmdt i scrimaignaaitpnieosnptglo ent hbea soifrs a ce, ncarteieodn,a l
blacchkir lnehd ando t baed einsr uipntfilvueie ntn hcceel aosmsr.8Wo3 itthh Keu
origeictn',H. e a cknowletdhgabetydf o cussmienrge olnyd iscrimibnya tion
KluKxl arnes uerngatn tdh Weh itCei tizCeonusn cbillossi snogRm,a ndsaelil zed
governntam egencainedfeds e raflunldyde e ntitthikieissn ,od fc ivriilg htfsel lb ill
upoann syu cihn dicatthibaoetny sot nhdre a nokfds i hearsde ggraetiosnoihusettrsn
shoorftt h ceom prehenlseigviesb leaitsniogou ngb hytt h Nea tioAnsaslo cifaort ion
whirtaec aitatli tmuidgebhsett hawiInng .k eewpiittnhhg ie d eoafc onvincement,
thAed vacnemeonft ColPoeroep(dlN eA ACPw)h,i cwho uladl spor otaegcati nst �
et hecno nspicauiodrus esulcsyht orforio etsh etrols e afrornma nedm ulea.Tth us,
discrimibnyai tnidoinv iduals oarngda nopinrssiaN.vte aivteer theless, while
m Jun1e59 7D,r C arHla nstehnae,s sissutpaenertnie dnnottfs choionWl ass hington,
applautdhiNen AgA CPf ori tdset reminattoi' ostnet floren othliensgs than the
DC,w aisn vdit toee xprheiosssw ns enosfwe o ndeernmattt h seu ccoefts hsse c hool
98 QUAKER STUDIES WARDB ROADCASTTIRNUGT HT OP OWER 99
desgergeatiporgnor ammient hcait,t i ynsitshta'itwn hgha aths a ppecno'en ds tai tutes 1N.e gro2e.ps e,o pildee ntwiiftiiehnd t egraotrigoanniisztla itktiehoN enAA sC P and
socni1ailr '3a.9c le theSo uthReergni onCoauln c3i.lp, e opcloen necwtietdah n yp reseinnttleyg rated
Thee ffteincveesosfR andlalb'rso adcdeapsetndsd echioentf hleyci arap cittoy enterpr4i.spe eso pwlheo h avceo mei ntpor ominepnrciem abreiclayu seh atvhee y
...
demornasttteow histoehu etrnetrhspe o isbsiolfip teya cseofuclci haaln bgyse h owing exprestsheedm sealsvw ehso lhee arteidnfl ayv oorfo rw illtiona gc cecpotm plete
exampolfew sh erteh ihsa da lrehaadpyp enReadn.d ahlolp etdou ser adtioo integra5t.pie oonp,wl heo w oulbde i dentiafs'i ceadrb paegtg ers'.
persutahdmeea sosfw hiest otuhernteorr ceso gntihsbeea shiucm anoifAt fryi can
ThiSsa,n daedrmiset dtl,et f 'ap rentatryr [ofwi eilnwd h]i cwhe m uslto ofkor
Americtahnresi ,ge hotusnoefts hsbe l asctkr u,g galtnehdde i isgfureiffencgto sfa n
perswohnos wobueul sde aibntl heSe o uth'Y
immorJailmC roswy stoentm h lei voefbso htr ascH.eo wevtehrai,gs ne dmae ant
Desept ihtelsiem itaStainodsnetsrfi,sell ttlh Raatn dlalr'asds iloos tesrd v ea uuls ef
thRaatn dsaolemlit mefsea teudri nfluseonhutetirwanhl i rtaec mioadle rswa htoef,or
purpeb oysf eatmnigs ohuetrnelriskD ea bbs jauonrdn alHiodsdtisnC ga rter and
av ariety opfe rtsaoacnntapdilo ci,lat lir,cae aslo wnesr,se t uinlwli ltloei mnbgr ace
JonathDaann i'ewlhsho a vset utchke nierc kosu te,v eanl itwtayl'eH. e e ven
thcea uosfei mmediianttee graantfdir qoeune nrtjeleyec dtt hlee gitiomfma acsys
provdi dlaei osfnt i ntehm ees twhoautlr dseo nawtiets ho huetrsno cainardlle igious
protoerfs edter ailn teenrtviiontn h rea caieranlaA . g ooedx ampwlaest hSeo uth
tratdiioannswd h icmhi ghtthr efeorpea stsh routhgmehe sohfr adcieon sorisfh ip
Carolgienntal e-mafarnmrae nEdn glpirseohsf sJomares M cBriDdea bbIsn.t roduced
introdbuyrc seepde cwtheidts eoh uetrnm odeersaA.tc ceapbtltehm eesi ncluded
byR andaasal' lyd ed-in-ctohtet on sixS-gouetnheeerrrian'ntt, ih 1eo4 n90 Dsa bbs
steamtetntso t he etfhfa'etTc hSteu pemreC oudretc isiitsoh nle a w tohlfea nadn d
becamceo nvintcheasdtge rgeatiwoonu ld thoae vneda ndj ointehdeS RC,
wem igahstw elglet u setdoi tt'h;a' tt hdeec isiiso hnia nr monnoyot n ly lwaiwt h
eventbuaelcloymi itnpsegr i sednitn1 597N.on ethsesDl,ae bbhsa sde riroseuesr va­
buwti tChh risctoincaisne nicne i asnsw uhei cifhsun damenatr alelilgyip oruosb lem
tioanbso tuhtwe i sdoofmt r iyntgoe ffiemcmte didaetgsreege atiuonndrt e hbea nner
anwdh icphe rmoifot nsl oyn se oluitniC ohnr isttreim'asan;n 'dt hdaits tinocft ions
oft hfeed eraglo vernntmI.en stheema adi ntdaa inun neflapbpealbtilheeoaf rt d inary
Gode-rafinsgot uherrnsec oubledp erseudar,da tthhearcn o mpeltlose etdeh, e errors raciene ducateicoonnaolam,ni sdco ,ac llie i,sfh oublemd a daesi noapteiravsce o lor
ofs gergeatiaonndt hrefeoret op articwiiplaltiienn gd liys mantliCnrgo w.J im ofh aiarne dye s4'2.
Acocrditnohg i stoJroihann EgDearbtbo'snaf',i twha s that atnhfdei loref a nk Itfh ewraens o thmiuncgth oa larm ansyt amAfeFfmS bCe irnts h sicsh emmoaer,
decenstot uherwneerrtesh reae lma joryi,atn hdi s aitmot owuatcshh e gmen t,lt yo problewmaatsth ifecca tt hSaatn dleirRksae,n dawlalas,l so wtiofle altiugnrugee sts
appetaotl h eiinrn asteeno sfeafi prl 'aIy.n1 597D,a bbasp peedao rn oonfeR anldla's whod indo atc tusaulplpyio nrtte ognr aaatltipl r,o vitdhiatnthg e wyo ulpdu blicly
productdeinoonusn,ct ihnrega chiostth eoaftd hsMe a ssRievsei stmaonvceem ent 'deoprvlei oleanncdien timiidnaat niyfoor nma gainsste ctuhrbeiyN n egg rooefs
anadp peatloti hnmega sosfw histeot uhernteoor bsew yh ahtes awas t hiebre tter the rwihgihchthas v bee ednec ladrt ehierbsyl wa'S.a ndaenrdRs a ndbaoltlfh el t
morianls tainnedcx ttse tnhdrege iornpe'ust aftori' ocnro etusgyo,o mda nenrasn,d a thaattat, i mweh e'ne vtehnse l iegsshtut eggstoifoa nne xcepttosi geornge atiwoinl l
senosfre ea l valuesr'a caiiernantl4ao 0. the bei nflamym'ab,tr ooradaclaostnthgse lsiesn w eerset air laell ipsotsisicb ialnidt y
Whilmea nQyu akeirnts h AeF SCwe rvee rsyy mpatthote htei cti hdaiewttaa s woulodf faecrc teoss so huetrwnh ite 'hohmeeasrc tlason stdeoa d l moasntoy t her
fabre tter tor aptreh retschuoaaendr ewc,he i stoeh uetrnteoar csc erpatci inatle gra­ approoantc hhre'a ciisaslTu heis.si tuamtiigonhnotb t e i debaulit,nt hemiirn tdhse
tiotnoo, t haecrt iivnissittdhsCee o mmittaenebd e yonDda,bb esn'ld espsaltyi ent choiwcaebs e twner eeachisnoghu etrwnh itweist h mreadsaisgsoet hautr gdec alm
graadluisseme mweodeu fllayn achroinn1i 9s5tH7ie.sc e emerdpe rteos ae nbtr and obediteont chleea w aensds teshdtme ro roabll igtaopt uirosnbu eetr rt aecrleea tions,
ofetmpiosriwnhgi mtoed eratthiaotni nwcarse avsiiendwga elspy a rotft hSeo uth's orn ot reascohuitnhwgeh rni taetas l.4 l 3
racpiraolb lreamt,th hearan maentsos ceuribnlgag cenku ienque alaintyyt siomeo n. BarbaMroaffe tatn Adl eMxo risteoyoa kr athdfeifre rveiwne otf t hinBgost.h
Ass uchhi,as p paeranocnRe a ndlalr'asd piroo gra,am mleong awpipteha rbayn ces fundamenotbjalelcytt eotd h per eseonnAc FeCS -sponsroardseildoo otfas n oyne
othwehri twehso sper ogrecsersdievnetw iearelevs e mno rdeu biosupsur,ar s eedrs i e whoi,n Sanpdherrassst'eti ,ol ol'k ap osisthiooornfft ul li,m med,i ataoenurdti ght
ofp ointeexhdca ngbeeste wenR andalls taainfndtf h eA FSCC'osm muinty intaetoginr.'I nal engmtehmyo rantdoSu amn dfeolrlso wainAn Fg SsCt amefefit ng
atG udioflrCdo llege, sMiomrpsiltesyade t',yW es eneo v alriaeds otnoh eltph ose
RelatiDoinvsi sTihoandt.i alodgruaem atriveceaalleltdyh ceo mplienxt eropfl ay
pragmaatnipdsr mi nciintp hlAeeF SCa'psp roatchhfre ee tdoo smt ru.g gle whow ouladd mointo uprr ogrtahmatsth e dyon oftva oirn teigorenav tetnh ough
Asifdorem E dR andatlhklee, py l ayientr hsdi ebsa twee re OSlacnudtAetlr esx, thedyep leov rioleannicdne t imiadgaatiiNnoesngt rs o'Ie.n voktihnnega moeJf ohn
MorisaenyBd a rbMaorffae tSta.n dwearsgsr aetilmyp sresedw itRha ndlale'ffosr .t s Kaspwahrow, a tsh nem akiann ga mfeor h imsesltfibryur pri ancgvi iaoll einntc hee
Moreovheear p,p rectihaleto egdi sptriocbalRlea mnsd afcalelid nt riyntgo g et Soutinha ne fforttop ervednestge rgeatihoecn o,c nludtehda' tIw fec an cionn ­
suprptoeorfs immeddesieagtgreae tiaonnyk inodfh earoinns go huetrsnt ants.i o sciesnucpep tohrpetr o-esgeagtrisot nhnie,ts otc artrhyie d etao eaxnet mrew,e
Witthh iinsm indS,an dwerrostt eoM orisienJya nu1ar59y7l isftiivncega t egso rie woulbdeo blidgt aopt reovaif doreu mf orJ ohKna spoarsr o meeq auldlesy pibclae
ofs peakwehro's nu dre almocsit rcaunmys .tw.ao.nu clnedos lt i kbeelg yen erally chara.c4 4t ers'
acceptoansb oluet'h rearnd io: MorisaenyBd a rbMaorfaf beotttfhel tth aRta ndaanlSdla ndweerrste o poe ssi­
misitnia cs sumtihnacget r taino rig nrdoiuvpiwsd ouualaldls ws ab ye' unacacbe'lp et
100 QUAKESRT UDIES WARD BROADCASTTIRUNTGH T OP OWER 101
ons ohuetrnr ad.iT ooh olsdu cahv iewM,o risaeryg uweads,t antoaut:nntto Mofeftrte gcnoeidst hat AFtSheCw asb uifloutsr uqaruep otnh ep rincoifp le
accienptgth wahti stoehu etrn racial antetvciehtrau nd'geTesh. se mi itguhaittn i on followtihndegi ctoafct oesnsc ieTnhciwesa. st hseuo rcoeft hAeF SCs'tsr eanngdt h
thSeo uitnsho stt iacth'ei, n si'snatdet dh,o sew owrhikon Stohueot rhc lotsote h e convicatniMdo onffe tatn Mdo risweoyu lndoa tl ltohwat tob en egotieavteienfd ,
probloeftm hsre e gidoonn o gtr atnht.iI stfh eyt dhietdnh ewyo uldf ooblerh daly restriictrtsai dnigo tgoua evsotwsei dn tegrastuitobansnitsitrasel dluyct ehde
toe xtend thoenms suecalhh v oepsle etsas's B.ka rbMaorffae tcto nvesyiemdi lar Committaecec'tesost shs euo thearinr waytsh eaornredeuf,,n dermiitncsea dp acity
seinmtenfotrsmt hAeF SsCat ffw hoh ad amtGe utdi oflrCdo llTehgeefee .l itnhge re toi nflutehnpecr eos csoe fp eaeufclr accihaaln agte 'aMlulws.et c omproamf iisrem
wast ha'tPh earpwse d indo nte etdos eotu sri gthotloso wa ntdh atth ewraesr eal positoino nrr aeclea ttiogo unasr aunstee e omf atoeurro insa olhu etrsnt ast'?i on
poisbsiflorig teyt tair nagt fhoretrh rmiegshstoa ngs eo mseat tiso'Fn.obr o tMho risey Moiresya ksedr hetori'cIa ltlthhyie.nir ksae g eneargarle emientn hte Service
anMdo fefttth,re e al task tchoonisfrneov notliivntne hgdAe F SCr'asd wioor wka s Committtheaet , aas sw erm eugcirhet tt,h earrece e rtaavienn oufec so mmunica­
tot rtyoe xpatnhdre a nogfev oiscd eeemaecdc epotnat bhlseeuo thearinr wtaoy s tionnosot p etnou sb ecaoufts heie d ealhso lw4de9' .
incltuhdoews heos puporttheiedm medieantodef j iCmr ow.45 TheA FSCs'tsa uandchhe rtenotc heei sdee maaldsie ta f ormidaabllileny the
Notc ontweinttuh r giRnagn datlofl ea tumroer rea diwchailts euo therners, sohuetrfner edosrmtu ggBlueit.at l os thretaotm eankele eidi f mpossforiE bdlwei n
Moriseayn Md ofeftatl sfelott h atb rtohaed schaosutplsad my o raet tenttoti hoen
RandaalnldO lcuStatn d,ew rhsoc omplatihnaetd Ctohmem uniRteyl ations
AfricAamne ricaattn hshe e aorftt hsert uggfloret heoiwrn fr eedoMmo.r isey
Divispiroinn'csoi npw lheoss h oualnsddh ounlobdte f eaturoenAd F SCs-opnsored
poinotuettdh aatni ncreamsoibnigelldbiy ls ack commuunniltiykt eotwl aayks e
radwiaosi nd angoefrb oemcin'gsu on cmopromisaisbnlogtulityts hatth ecya nnot
kinldyt oh avicnagu tsiootuuhse rn mwohdietrewa itteahsp enchfaorn tp revarica­
encomsspa anyownheo w oulrde ablela yc ceptoansb olhueet rsnat tio5n0As l'v.i n
tioann d tokpeanriasadmset dhb ee st fhoror paecj iuaslti intc here e gni.Io ndeed,
Gain,e ssao huetrnQ ukaeerd ucawthoohr a wdo kreedx tievnesilnry a dwiroo,tt oe
Morisceoyn tentdhesadto h uetrwnh imtoed erlaitjekoseu arnliHsotddsi nCga rter
thAeF SCE'xse ciuvStee ectrya,Lr ewiHso siknssu ptpiontrhgvi ise Iwna. n e nviron­
anjdo anthDaann ibeoltsoh,fw homS andhearsdsgu getsewdo ulmda kei deraald io
menwth er'enr oe preseonftt haNetA iAvCePi ls iekltyob reetchhwea ll rojefe ct­
spoeksperosnAo FnsS C-sspoorsneohdw ,s 'nmoastye rovuepr u rporsaet,hte hre,y
iobnu iulpat g atit nhsaortg aantiiziontn h Seo utGha'i,na ersg utehdaR atn dhaaldl
mayh eldpee fait.t D 'ani,eh lees xplai'nhaetasdek ,na m odersattaebn udht e a sks
litatlltee rbnautttoti uvretn ot hossuoet herwnheomr isg ahctt ugaeltl ya hoena ring
Negroteo's v olu[nstsaiercrgy)e g atthee'm s.eT lhvinesoss e-lrfpeesctNienggrc oa n
three ogni'asi rw.a' yTsr'uG,ea inaedsm it'thteedmy,i ghnto t retfhfleie ntce tso f
stocmha4'6.
Frie'np drsinc'ib,pu l'tet shweoyu lds uobteh ecrna,yr irntgh epiarps orstisnt heir
NotwithsOtlacnudStiatnng dsr e'er alaisssetsiscmt ehnMatrt i cAamne ricadavnos­ voisc'ae,n' dht ewyo ulbdep landtoiunbgit nts h mei ndosf tsheeg regat[isoinca]l ist
catiinngt egrwaotuilbodenu naccepttoma obslsteo h uetrbnr oadc,aM sotreirssey ast ot hvea liadnirdti yg htonfse esgsr egtahtuein owno,r thoiftn heNese sg reot,c '.
intseitsdh atthA eF SC shsoekue lmdo brlea rcekp reasteifnvortei st s srhaodwios . Sucohv ert,hu era ersgumeidg,bh ete speceiffeacltliiynvr e e ach'hitene gx ploited,
'Oen tohfge r adveef iciweenf caceii ess f tcahtte h taotlo i totploper tuhnaibste ye n dupesdoc,-a lploeodwr h ittreha w shoi tsh bea ckboofn est gheree gaftoricoeansn 'd
givfeornN egrsot eob eh eaorndt hseuj beocftt heoiwrna psirnat'hi,eco omplained whow ast hreeofrmeo sitnn eeodfe ducaatniedonl ni ghten'mPernodtpo.e urb t',
toS and.e' rTshmeaj omre doiafm ascso mmuniccatotinroonllasel,dm oesxtc lusively Gainiensts ei'ds,c oafnt "elni,tk hefeea ro f tLhoer" d,be t hbee ginonfiw insgd om'.
byw hipteer s,so intleslffe ctidveenliyte hset mh oisp ptourniStuyr.et lhySe e rvice Radibor oadcbaye svtestn h e mporsetv ariacnadcta iuntsgio ofsu ohuetrnw hite
Committceaemn a kaen e ffotrotr ightw rtohn'igB s?a rbMaorfaef tatg reTehde. modermaitgeshsto ws ucshee dosf d ouibntt hmei ndosfp oowrh itaensdG ,a ines
AFSCs,h eex plaicnoends,i dheerlepdti hnSego utthou ndseatrnd 'tahieam nsd inissttehdi,s n owotan sli ym portbaurntet a,tl iicsalbleys tt hReaa nndd aAtlFhlSe C
methoodfs tNhAeA CP.. a. ne ducatjioobon fha ilg hpersito ritsyh'ue r gaendd couhlodp feor i nt hper esreanctci lailm 5a1t e.
RandaanldlS anedrtso t rtyo g eNtA ACPe xecustceirveet RaoryWy i lkoinnas Byt he e1nd59 7to,hf te e nsbieotnwse tehAneF SCi'dse ma lainsdp rtahcet ical
progratmodm eecs ri'bxeea cwthlaytt h e proacrteeh saasrteue ss ebdy tNhAAeC P conecrnfsca ebdy E dR andahlaldb ecomael moisntt oblleeWr.ha eni tb ecame
andwh aitt gso aalers'S .h ael sroe commetnhdaettdh eayp proMaacrhtL iunt her apapretnhta tF otrhFdeo n udatwioounln dob ter enewtihngegr afnortm w hich the
Kinogffe rihnigma irttio'm gehe itms e ssbaegoferm eo rpee opilnte h Seou th:'m,d AFSCh asdu bseidRd ainsdawlolkr',ts h Ceo mmittdeeec itdoer de defiitlnsi en ks
morpea rtictuopl uabrllitych pieots een toifta hnleo nviotlaecnhtteih c asld e arnteod witthh ber oadcIansO tcetro.b1 e59r7 O,l cuStatn diesurses dap rersesl e'atsoe
deplsooey ffe ctidvuerliyn gM otnhteg ombeurbsyo ytctoY annouanc chea ngreedl attoir oandp iroo grbaemispn rgo dubcyeE ddR and'a.l l
UltimaAtleelMxyo ,r isaenydB arbaMroafe fttp'rsi macroyn cewranst hat Sanedresx platihna'etdb, e coaufAs FeS Cf inanlciimailt- ataintodno gs i vEedt he
Randall's broaacdccoawrisdttt hsh AesF hSoCbu'elssd t prcionnccieprnltiehnseg greaftleerx yi btihlafieettl shr eah diwisoo r k requpirroegsr wa-imhclsilo ts ni nause
pursoufri atc jiuaslt AisMc oef.ef tptu itt' ,o urrol ien Stohue[t iht sh)a t" sotfi ar rer hipse rsuonndaelkr itna5gT2'h .es plwaispt a rtainmadol r oerl easmsi caAbllteh.o ugh
ofc onsciaennadcd evc oatneo"t, pritmhaaortfai r leycc oinleartl- eansotit n t he thCeo mmitntole oen gfuenrd eRda ndoarlp la rticiinhp iapstr eodg ramme produc­
senosfne o t itnagpk oas i.t.iGoi.nv etnhr iosli et wosueletdmh aantry a deitoi orts tioinna ndyi rceacpta cRiatnydc,ao lnlt itnoau cecdA epFtSi Cd efaorps r ogrammes
int hSeo usthho ufloldl otwh agte necroanlpc te8'A .l4thonuogathQ ukaehre rself, andg uesatnsd regpuulhtai rrsle ycd oirnfgca iliattti heCeso mmittdesiep'oss al.
102 QUAKERS TUDIES WARD BROADCASTTIRUNTGH T OP OWER 103
PerioldlRiyac,na dwaolull adl aspop rotahcCeho mmitftorfe uned inagl,t hotuhgaht that Rmaingdhbatel l atbosl uep psliyn,ic tweo uld an'e bfeefci tvteo oilni mpli­
hardmlayd ietu n iqIuned .i rfei nansctiraaatlfie ttrsh s eu spenosfAi FoSnCf u nds, menti[nsgti hcti]rs a tnisowini tahm inimoufmuf ssS'i.m5i6el nacro miaupmpse ared
Randailnli tbiaanlklryo hlinlsee wdl iyn coartpeoFdrr ienWdolrylB dr oadcasting througthho1eu9 t5 a0nsed a rly W1F9A6IF0-asy.e ttNeovritClhal reo,l cionnas,i d­
prjoecftorm hoiwsn s avianngds mao decsotn tribfruotmit ohneS ouhtern eretdh 'ei nterwviitJehaw mseD sa bbmso setx traoradnidtn iamyre'yal ,n du rged
ConefrenEcdeu caatlFi uonn(dS CETFh)e.er atfehri,ms o sitm porbteannaetcf tor that, sh'otuhbleeddy i sbturtimeodr wei detloyp 'r omopteeae ucflr accihaaln ge.
anmdo sitm porotragnatan tiisocnoanltu anctttih lme i d1-906sw asth SeR C. Randhailmls beellifevtehdat thb er oadcatshctea mopna tiogr ne opNeonro flk's
Througthholeua t1t 9e5 0se aarn1ld9y 6 0EsdR, a ndcaolnlt itnou emdha ukne­ public hsacsdhi ogonlilsfyi i ncflaunetenvceenidtn s neRaircbhym oenxdp,l ation ing
dreodfss h oprrto graemamceyhse ar. Ionft htee rcmoosnf t sehinigtsn aftiuvree- to­ thSeR C'Hsa rold Fletmhisenh go' wwt ahsa teu lsseedw hneorteab,by lW yR VA,
sevmeinn urtaed sipoo tthsew raels i tcthlaenfr goemt hkei nodfps r ograambmoeust th5e0 0,00-wCaBtSts tataitRo inc hmownhde,rw ei,t hawi ene akf tietbrsr oadcast,
southrearncr ieaclo ncitlhiahateth iaobdne en maskiintnchgeee a r1l9y5 0Tsh.e botnhe wsparpeevresr tsheedpi osri tioonnm sa ssirveesn icsetI'aft. h ec ausal
maidni effrenwcaets haotn cfeer efdor mt hAeF SCe'xsa cting scrduitdi ny Randalclo nnechteirwoean ls essism ptlheaR na ndiamlpl laietld e,ah seht a sdy cnhronicity
nonte etdoa gonises omq uuciht ea wbhoeutthh eiprsa rticainpsdau jnbetmcsat t ter onh issi 5d7e .
weruen impeacahdavbelret isfore meinmtmsed deisaetgetr ieoIgnnao. n ee xtreme Thef actt hacta sh-stgrraopulppiestkd he Ae F SCa nlda tSeCrE aFn d the SRC
exampolfte h niesw l atiitnu1 d91e6R ,a ndeavlelan l lowed nsoetgorreigoautsi onist endorasnefddi nanscuipaptloleRydra nadlwlo'rsak l,is nod ictahttaehtse o sreg anisa­
LestMeard dotxh,ec nh airomfGa Un TS( GoergiUannwsi lltioSn ugr re,nt doe r) tiofnlestt h ewraes spormaec tviacliaunlep rogressibvreo adracdaIisnotd ienegd.,
partiicnia pnda itsec ussiDorHn e ywwiotHohild l a,n Atlantaa npedhd yusciac­ian SCEFD'osnS tephceonunslo dbt e litehvBaeat r bMaorffae tatn tdh AeF ShCa edv er
todre eply comdmeistetgerde tgthacoeti itanyrg,g utihntagth is wporuolddu' cae withdrbaawcnk fiornR ga nldalw'osr k'.T hlaatdh yan se vaeprp rectihaietm epdo r­
fiar iamnpda rptrieasle notfatt hiieso sn'u S.eh sorattfleyr w,ah rodwsevRearn,d all tant rraodcliaeopn l aiynr eachmiinlgl oifofo nlskw itihm pormteasnsta wgheisc h
showwehde rheis sy mpatlhaiIyen.'s AC ity ChIatMnsig nedhs'e prloyru edported prinmtaetdt erp earnnsadcol o ntcaacnnte sv deorS' t,e phwernostt ees ttoiH layr old
'"ThQeu eeCni ty oSfo utthhhea"f s,i rmldye termtioon peedin ts sc howoilttshh e Flem5i8nF gl.e ming bheicmasamer ele fg ucloarrr espwointdRhea nntdl ae,lv en
degroefde e segrergeaqtuiiborylne a d-w anwdi thvoiuotl !eA'ngc aeihne,rw ea asn suggesstujibencfgtor Fs r ienWdolrylp dr ogramm'eTshw.eo rk FWoBfg enerally
exampilnet entdoee ndc oaugoret hceirt tiofe olsl oswu wiitt Rha ndeaxlpll aining, habse evne rhye lup'lfF,l eming 'wwraeor tceeo ,n vintchseeed r vmiackee rse aal
somewphraetm atuhroew'l tyh,e die-harda rsaeed geerfaetgaeandtid in ocnoins­ts contri'b5.u9 t ion
sidermaibnloerw ihtoay r,ne o lti kteool ffye arn eyff ectrievsei sttoa notcrhede e rly
procoefes dsu catAitolna '5ni.3tn a
CONCLUSIONS
In1 963, Rsapnedcaulollna t theweda ytsh at srhaodwcisoo u ilndf lutehnecier
audien'cPeesol.pi lset enaiw negld let soi gnedp rroagdriasmoom mee hfoeewl
Inc onclutshiesorenee, tm o tbweom ajoarn idn terlloecskstioonbn geds r awfrno m
themsenlovoten sll yi stbenuaetlr ssi ons, o moed dw ayp,a irctipaTnhtiisss. the
thset oorfty h AeF SCe'asre lxyp eriimner naotd.Tis h ef irisntv olrveecso gan ition
elemiennt th giistf whea vfeor mG odw hicwheh avnee vreera ulnldye rsotro od
thoantoe f t hmeo srte markaasbpleoecft t hssi tso irtsyh atA FtShCme a nagteogd e t
usewdi tmho rteh amna rgiandaelqc uya'T.h5e4f ca tt haRta ndablytl h,it si me
som ucnhe wasb out gabtlhaepcrrkio ntfgeed setrl,ae lg isalnajdtdu iiocnri ualli ngs,
alreaav deyt eorfta wnod ecaodfse osac lielnyg aged, rreoloitbgeridoo audsclays ting,
and sttheeae dryo soifoJniC mr owp'rsa ctoinctseoos u threardanita o l nlo,tt h aitt
wass ttirlylit noug n derstthaceno dm plexi nww haiychshi b sr oadccoausaltfedsfc t
counloddt o m ore. Wshtioitwlenlse a dlb lu tth roefte h nea tiroand'sisto a tions in
listesnaeymrsus c,ah b outd itffhiec oulfet viaelsu tahtneian tgua rneed x teonftt h e
196o0c,c upviierdt uaaltllhl ieym pormtaannatg ement paonsdi tisinato lhneess
medium's apnodiw neflru eInctre a.i tshevese xiqnuge stoifho onw e ffective
indusatnrmdya ,d uep vaa smtaj oirtoyfs ponsaonrds adveornmt oissoteu rtsl ets.
Ranadlrla'dswi oor wka isn p romotQiunagki edre as,s tArFiaSetCase n,ggd e nerally
Givetnhr iasc cioanlf iguorfca atpiiaotnnaed lx ecuptoiwveiern r adhiaor,n essing
furthetrhicena gu osfre a ceiqaula ilnti htSeyo utIhn.e vitpaebrlhyta,hpe esv ,i dence
rad'ilsoa tpeotnetn taisata oloo lfr aceinalli ghtoernav m eehnitoc fml aesm so bilisa­
heriefrs a gmenatnaldra yr gaenleyc dRoatnadlha.il mls reelcfo gntihsa'hettid is as
tiownan se vaenre astya sTkh.iw sa es scpieatlrluiyent hSeo utwhh,e rteh ewreer e
questtiowo hni cthh eirnse o ccolnusive Iaitnas sl wle rwg.ouk re.'s5s5
grarvies okfes c onoamnidc terrreoprrifisorsta ainlcybs r oadcwahsota elrlso wed
Morseu bsitvaenRltayn,d darlelew n coaugremefrnotmt hosstea ttihoantsu sdei d
challteont ghreeas c sitaalqt uuoosn a iCro.n seenqtutlhye,wr aesa lwaayt se nsion
hipsr ogramamnedfrs o ma ctievnigsatgsie ntd h set rugIgnAl ueg.u 1s9t5 J6o,e
betwetehbnee shto poefsr eofrmewrhso,s ougthout s teh mee diutmop romeo t
Longn,e wdsi recattWo NrO X-Knoxvwirloltteeos, a y that ocnot mhmee nts
racjisuatli acned, ptrhaec tainlcdoa gli sltiimciatla tions placed upon those hopes by
broadacbaostuthtM e o ngtomebruybs o ychoat'dtv iaerdb'ut,th hatew agse nerally
three aloift iteihsne dt ut.syF indeixnpgo sounrs eoh uetrrna dsitoa tciroenast ed
surprbiyis t'esud nuascucaelp taonucre liinas rtee(ans iinxg a sntpdar taecst)ai lcla lly
precitshkeiilsny od fd ilemfmora tAhFeS Ci nt h1e9 5A0ssE .dR andaanlOdll cutt
commehnatbs e efnva obreal'L.o ntga cietnldyo rtsheeedff icoafRc ayn daanltdlh e
Sandaeprpsr ecgieattteoidnn,tg to h seo huetrani rwaatyas ls lo metimmeeasn t
AFSCf'iasti hnc onvincbeymw eenltc omainnfygur thmeart eornida els egregation