Broadcasting Freedom: Radio, War, and the Politics of Race, 1938-1948 PDF
Preview Broadcasting Freedom: Radio, War, and the Politics of Race, 1938-1948
B roadcasting Freedom The JOHN HOPE FRANKLIN Series in African American History & Culture Waldo E. Martin Jr. & Patricia Sullivan, editors b road castin g Freedom Radio, War, and the Politics of Race, 1938-1948 BARBARA DIANNE SAVAGE The University of North Carolina Press Chapel Hill and London © 1999 The University of North Carolina Press All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America Set in Monotype Garamond by Tseng Information Systems, Inc. The paper in this book meets the guidelines for permanence and durability of the Committee on Production Guidelines for Book Longevity of the Council on Library Resources. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Savage, Barbara Dianne. Broadcasting freedom : radio, war, and the politics of race, 1938-1948 / Barbara Dianne Savage. p. cm. — (The John Hope Franklin series in African American history and culture) Includes bibliographical references (p. ) and index. isbn 0-8078-2477-1 (alk. paper). — ISBN 0-8078-4804-2 (pbk. : alk. paper) i. United States—Race relations. 2. Afro-Americans— Civil rights—History—20th century. 3. Afro- Americans in radio broadcasting—History—20th century. 4. Radio broadcasting—Social aspects— United States—History— 20th century. 5. Radio programs—United States—History—20th century. 6. World War, 1939-1945—United States. I. Tide. II. Series. Ei85.61.s32 1999 305.8*0097 3—dc2i 98-48030 CIP 03 02 01 00 99 5 4 3 2 i Publication of this work was aided by a generous grant from the Z. Smith Reynolds Foundation. To my mother, Mildred Savage Fields CONTENTS Acknowledgments, xi Introduction, i part i Federal Constructions of “the Negro” 1 Americans AU, Immigrants All: Cultural Pluralism and Americanness, 21 2 Freedom's People: Radio and the Political Uses of African American Culture and History, 63 3 “Negro Morale,” the Office of War Information, and the War Department, 106 part 11 Airing the Race Question 4 The National Urban League on the Radio, 157 5 Radio and the Political Discourse of Racial Equality, 194 6 New World A'Coming and Destination Freedom, 246 Conclusion, 271 Appendix: Radio Programs Discussed in the Text, 279 Notes, 283 Bibliography, 357 Index, 377 ILLUSTRATIONS Rachel Davis DuBois, 23 Cover of brochure advertising Americans Ally Immigrants Ally 29 Cover of phonograph recordings of Americans AUy Immigrants Ally 35 Paul Robeson appearing on the first broadcast of Freedom's People in 1941, 77 Placard advertising Freedoms People, 80 Cover of Office of Education brochure for Freedom's People, 82 Studio audience at Freedom's People broadcast, 89 Ambrose Caliver appearing on Freedom's People, 99 OWI official Theodore M. Berry, 112 Radio commentator H. V. Kaltenborn, National Urban League official Ann Tanneyhill, pianist Hazel Scott, and a member of the Charioteers preparing for the 1944 National Urban League broadcast, 187 Announcement of an America's Town Meeting of the Air broadcast, “Are We Solving America’s Race Problem?,” 216 President Harry S. Truman addressing the 1947 NAACP convention, 225 Roi Otdey, 248 Richard Durham, 262 Cast of Destination Freedom, 268
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