British Liberalism and the United States: Political and Social Thought in the Late Victorian Age PDF
Preview British Liberalism and the United States: Political and Social Thought in the Late Victorian Age
British Liberalism and the United States This page intentionally left blank British Liberalism and the United States Political and Social Thought in the Late Victorian Age Murney Gerlach Director The Rhode Island Historical Society USA © Murney Gerlach 2001 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2001 978-0-333-79009-0 All rights reserved.No reproduction,copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced,copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright,Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency,90 Tottenham Court Road,London W1P 0LP. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted his right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright,Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2001 by PALGRAVE Houndmills,Basingstoke,Hampshire RG21 6XS and 175 Fifth Avenue,New York,N.Y.10010 Companies and representatives throughout the world PALGRAVEis the new global academic imprint of St.Martin’s Press LLC Scholarly and Reference Division and Palgrave Publishers Ltd (formerly Macmillan Press Ltd). ISBN 978-1-349-41876-3 ISBN 978-0-230-51019-7 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9780230510197 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Gerlach,Murney,1950– British liberalism and the United States :political and social thought in the late Victorian age / Murney Gerlach. p.cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1.Liberalism—Great Britain—History—19th century. 2.Great Britain—Politics and government—1837–1901. 3.Liberalism—United States—History—19th century. 4.United States—Politics and government—1865–1900. 5.Great Britain—Relations—United States.6.United States—Relations—Great Britain.I.Title. JC574.2.G7 G47 2001 320.51’0941’09034—dc21 2001021872 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 10 09 08 07 06 05 04 03 02 01 The England and the America of the present are probably the two strongest nations in the world. But there can hardly be a doubt as between the America and the England of the future, that the daughter, at some no very distant time, will, whether fairer or less fair, be unques- tionably yet stronger than the mother. O matre forti filia fortior And for the political students all over the world it will beyond any- thing curious as well as useful to examine with what diversities, as well as what resemblances, of apparatus the two greater branches of a race born to command have been minded, or induced, or constrained, to work out, in their sea severed seats, their political destinies according to their respective laws. William E. Gladstone, ‘Kin Beyond Sea,’ North American Review, vol. cxxvii (Sept.-Oct. 1878), p. 181 This page intentionally left blank Contents List of Abbreviations x Acknowledgements xii Preface xiv 1 The Formation of American Relationships and Interests 1 Introduction 1 The American Civil War 5 Fenianism, the Alabamaclaims, and the Geneva Treaty, 1865–74 11 British Liberals and their early American interests 13 Charles Dilke: an American trip in 1866 17 John Morley: an American trip and early interests 21 James Bryce: early American impressions 26 Conclusion 29 Notes 30 2 Liberalism and the United States: Expanding American Activities, 1874–1880 38 Introduction 38 Lord Rosebery: America discovered 40 William E. Gladstone and ‘Kin Beyond Sea’ 48 Young Radicals and the United States: Dilke, Morley, and Chamberlain 57 Conclusion 63 Notes 64 3 The Liberal Ascendancy, Ireland, and Henry George, 1880–1886 71 Introduction 71 British foreign policy towards the United States, 1880–85 73 American protectionism and tariffs 76 Anglo-American accord 78 Irish-Americans, Fenians, and violence 81 Henry George and land reform 94 The American Constitution, federalism, and Home Rule 101 vii viii Contents Conclusion 108 Notes 110 4 Gladstonian Liberalism, Home Rule, and American Politics and Society, 1886–1892 121 Introduction 121 American federalism reconsidered 124 American protectionism and tariffs reconsidered 133 American currency and bimetallism 139 Anglo-American copyright 142 Gladstone: American activities and political issues 145 Conclusion 152 Notes 153 5 Liberal Ministries, Ideas, and Andrew Carnegie, 1892–1895 163 Introduction 163 American foreign policies 165 Irish Home Rule: American federal and constitutional experiences 170 Silver, bimetallism, and currency issues 176 Liberal attitudes towards American labor, society, and democracy 185 Andrew Carnegie: a transatlantic liberal 197 Conclusion 201 Notes 201 6 Venezuela, Silver, and Rapprochement, 1895–1898 211 Introduction 211 Anglo-Americans and international arbitration 213 Silver and bimetallism: final reconsiderations 217 Liberalism and informal diplomacy over Venezuela 219 The Venezuelan Settlement and Anglo-American arbitration 227 Silver and the Presidential election of 1896 235 Studies of democracy 238 Silver and bimetallism defeated, 1896–97 241 Conclusion 244 Notes 246 Contents ix Conclusion 257 Appendices III Biographical and American Notes 265 III Dinner Engagements of William Hoppin and Henry White, 1870s–1890s 272 III Letter from Gresham to Rosebery, 1895 275 Bibliography 276 Index 305
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