British Images of Germany: Admiration, Antagonism & Ambivalence, 1860–1914

398 Pages·2012·45.034 MB·English

by  Richard Scully (auth.)

British Images of Germany
Admiration, Antagonism and Ambivalence,
1860–1914
Richard Scully
British Images of Germany
BRITAIN AND THE WORLD
Edited by The British Scholar Society
Editors
James Onley, University of Exeter, UK
A. G. Hopkins, University of Texas at Austin, USA
Gregory Barton, The Australian National University, Australia
Bryan Glass, Texas State University, USA
Other titles in the Britain and the World series include:
IMPERIAL ENDGAME:
Britain’s Dirty Wars and the End of Empire
Benjamin Grob-Fitzgibbon
SCIENCE AND EMPIRE:
Knowledge and Networks of Science in the British Empire, 1850–1970
Brett Bennett and Joseph M. Hodge (editors)
BRITISH DIPLOMACY AND THE DESCENT INTO CHAOS
The Career of Jack Garnett, 1902–1919
John Fisher
ORDERING INDEPENDENCE:
The End of Empire in the Anglophone Caribbean 1947– 1967
Spencer Mawby
Forthcoming titles include:
THE ANGLO-AMERICAN PAPER WAR:
Debates about the New Republic, 1800–1825
Joe Eaton
BRITAIN’S IMPERIAL MUSE:
The Classics and Britain’s Indian Empire, 1784–1914
Christopher Hagerman
THE BRITISH ABROAD SINCE THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY
Vol. 1: Travellers and Tourists
Vol. 2: Experiencing Imperialism
Martin Farr and Xavier Guégan (editors)
THE SOUL OF THE EMPIRE:
Australian and New Zealand Cities in the British World c.1880 –1939
John Griffiths
THE PAX BRITANNICA:
Royal Navy and the Rise and Fall of the British Empire
Barry Gough
Britain and the World
Series Standing Order ISBN 978–0–230–24650–8 hardcover
Series Standing Order ISBN 978–0–230–24651–5 paperback
(outside North America only)
You can receive future titles in this series as they are published by placing a standing order. Please
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Customer Services Department, Macmillan Distribution Ltd, Houndmills, Basingstoke,
Hampshire RG21 6XS, England
British Images of Germany
Admiration, Antagonism & Ambivalence,
1860–1914
Richard Scully
Lecturer in Modern European History, University of New England, Australia
© Richard Scully 2012
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2012 978-0-230-30156-6
All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this
publication may be made without written permission.
No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted
save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the
Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence
permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency,
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accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
First published 2012 by
PALGRAVE MACMILLAN
Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited,
registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke,
Hampshire RG21 6XS.
Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin’s Press LLC,
175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010.
Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies
and has companies and representatives throughout the world.
Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States,
the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries.
ISBN 978-1-349-33715-6 ISBN 978-1-137-28346-7 (eBook)
DOI 10.1057/9781137283467
This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully
managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing
processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the
country of origin.
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12
Contents
List of Illustrations vii
Series Editors’ Preface xviii
Acknowledgements xix
Introduction – ‘The Beginnings’ 1
Part I Mapping Germany, 1860–1914 9
1 From Geographical Expression to German Empire 11
2 ‘North Sea’ or ‘German Ocean’? Britain and Germany
in the Wider World 21
3 A ‘Pink Link’ – Race, Religion and the Anglo-German
Cartographic Freemasonry 27
4 War and the Severing of the ‘Pink Link’ 37
Part II Travelling to Germany, 1860–1914: A Guidebook 43
5 Britain and Baedeker’s Germany 45
6 The Rhine, the Spas, and Beyond; in War and Peace 53
7 Business as Usual: The 1880s and 1890s 62
8 The Last of the Summer Holidays – Twentieth Century
Travel 72
Part III Models and Monsters: English Literature and the
Idea of Germany 83
9 Learned, Indefatigable, Deep-Thinking Germany 85
10 The German Invasion of Britain in 1872 and ‘What
Became of the Invaders’ 93
11 Two Georges and Two Germanies: Gissing and Meredith
Commence Debate 104
12 Looking into the Abyss? 120
Part IV Punch, Judy and Deutsche Michel: Cartoons
of Germany 131
13 ‘Wilhelm in Wonderland’ – Germany in the Wars
of Unification 133
14 Satiated and Satisfied? Bismarckian Germany 184
v
vi Contents
15 ‘Dropping the Pilot’ – Kaiser Wilhelm II and the
New Course 213
16 The Coming of the ‘Horrible Hun’ 261
Conclusions 316
Notes 321
Index 367
List of Illustrations
Figures
4.1 Advertisement for The Times Survey Atlas of the World,
from The Times, 23 March 1922. Courtesy of Monash
University Library. 41
13.1 John Tenniel, ‘Dropping the Pilot’, Punch, 29 March
1890, pp. 50–51. 134
13.2 F. H. Townsend, ‘Bravo, Belgium!’, Punch, 12 August 1914,
p. 143. Courtesy of Rare Books Collection, Monash
University Library. 135
13.3 John Tenniel, ‘Goodbye, Grandmamma!’, Punch, 18
July 1891, p. 15. Courtesy of Rare Books Collection,
Monash University Library. 137
13.4 Linley Sambourne, ‘Britannia’s Valentine’, Punch,
10 February 1909, p. 101. Courtesy of Rare Books
Collection, Monash University Library. 138
13.5 John Tenniel, ‘The Battle of the Amazons’, Punch, 8
October 1870, p. 151. Courtesy of Rare Books Collection,
Monash University Library. 142
13.6 John Leech, ‘The German Fleet’, Punch, 19 October 1861,
p. 157. Courtesy of Rare Books Collection, Monash
University Library. 144
13.7 John Tenniel, ‘The English Beef, the French Wine, and
the German Sausages’, Punch, 9 January 1864, p. 15.
Courtesy of Rare Books Collection, Monash
University Library. 145
13.8 ‘S’, ‘Aesop’s Lion and Prussia’s Lamb’, Fun, 19 October
1861, p. 46. 146
13.9 Matthew Somerville Morgan, ‘The Two Butchers’, Fun,
28 March 1863, p. 15. 147
13.10 Matthew Somerville Morgan, ‘The International Dog
Show’, Fun, 6 June 1863, p. 115. 148
13.11 Matthew Somerville Morgan, ‘Stubborn Billy Pipeclay’,
Fun, 27 June 1863, p. 145. 149
vii
viii List of Illustrations
13.12 Matthew Somerville Morgan, ‘The Prussian Pig’, Fun,
5 September 1863, p. 245. 150
13.13 Matthew Somerville Morgan, ‘Plucky Pigmy’, Fun,
13 February 1864, p. 219. 152
13.14 Matthew Somerville Morgan, ‘Old and True’, Fun,
19 March 1864, p. 5. 153
13.15 John Tenniel, ‘Our Danish Difficulty’, Punch, 13 February
1864, p. 65. Courtesy of Rare Books Collection, Monash
University Library. 154
13.16 Matthew Somerville Morgan, ‘The Bone of Contention’,
Fun, 5 March 1864, p. 249. 155
13.17 John Tenniel, ‘The Reward of (De)merit – King Punch
Presenteth Prussia with the Order of St Gibbet’, Punch,
7 May 1864, p. 191. Courtesy of Rare Books Collection,
Monash University Library. 156
13.18 William Boucher, ‘About Time!’, Judy, 5 October 1870,
pp. 236–237. 157
13.19 Matthew Somerville Morgan, ‘The Pig-headed Ghoul’,
Fun, 7 May 1864, p. 76. 158
13.20 Matthew Somerville Morgan, ‘The Two Butchers’, Fun,
14 May 1864, p. 87. 159
13.21 [Unknown], ‘When Rogues Fall Out’, Fun, 14 April
1866, p. 45. 160
13.22 [Unknown], ‘A Peace Demonstration’, Fun, 12 May
1866, p. 85. 161
13.23 [Unknown], ‘The Three Witches’, Fun, 16 June 1866,
p. 139. 162
13.24 [Unknown], ‘The Latest Move On – P.C. Prussia Disperses
the German Bund’, Fun, 28 July 1866, p. 201. 163
13.25 John Tenniel, ‘Peace – and no Pieces!’, Punch, 25
August 1866, p. 83. Courtesy of Rare Books Collection,
Monash University Library. 164
13.26 John Tenniel, ‘To Be Sold’, Punch, 4 May 1867, p. 183.
Courtesy of Rare Books Collection, Monash
University Library. 165
13.27 ‘Exodus!’, Judy, 27 July 1870, pp. 136–137. 167
13.28 William Boucher, ‘Six of One, Half-a-Dozen of the
Other’, Judy, 3 August 1870, pp. 146–147. 168
List of Illustrations ix
13.29 John Tenniel, ‘Six of One and Half-a-Dozen of the Other!’,
Punch, 6 August 1870, p. 56. Courtesy of Rare Books
Collection, Monash University Library. 169
13.30 John Tenniel, ‘A Duel to the Death’, Punch, 23 July 1870,
p. 37. Courtesy of Rare Books Collection, Monash
University Library. 170
13.31 John Tenniel, ‘The Duel Decided’, Punch, 10 September 1870,
p. 111. Courtesy of Rare Books Collection, Monash
University Library. 171
13.32 John Tenniel, ‘A Word to the Wise’, Punch, 24 September
1870, p. 131. Courtesy of Rare Books Collection, Monash
University Library. 172
13.33 William Boucher, ‘Modern Warfare’, Judy, 7 September 1870,
pp. 196–197. 173
13.34 William Boucher, ‘The Eagle’s Triumph’, Judy, 14 September
1870, pp. 206–207. 174
13.35 William Boucher, ‘Birds of Prey’, Judy, 28 September 1870,
pp. 226–227. 175
13.36 John Tenniel, ‘The Niobe of Nations’, Punch, 5 November
1870, p. 191. Courtesy of Rare Books Collection, Monash
University Library. 176
13.37 John Tenniel, ‘Gaul to the New Caesar’, Punch, 17
December 1870, p. 256. Courtesy of Rare Books
Collection, Monash University Library. 177
13.38 John Tenniel, ‘Call off the Dogs!’, Punch, 4 February 1871,
pp. 47–48. Courtesy of Rare Books Collection, Monash
University Library. 179
13.39 John Tenniel, ‘Vae Victis! Paris, March 1, 1871’, Punch,
11 March 1871, pp. 98–99. Courtesy of Rare Books Collection,
Monash University Library. 180
13.40 William Boucher, ‘The Honours of War’, Judy, 1 February
1871, pp. 136–7. 181
13.41 John Tenniel, ‘Cardwell’s Collapse’, Punch, 12 August 1871,
p. 59. Courtesy of Rare Books Collection, Monash
University Library. 182
14.1 [Unknown], ‘Our Weekly One’ [detail], Judy, 8 September
1880, p. 109. 185
14.2 [Unknown], ‘The Events of the Week’ [detail], Judy,
22 September 1880, p. 133. 186