Britain and the German Question: Perceptions of Nationalism and Political Reform, 1830–63 PDF
Preview Britain and the German Question: Perceptions of Nationalism and Political Reform, 1830–63
Britain and the German Question Britain and the German Question Perceptions of Nationalism and Political Reform, 1830–63 Frank Lorenz Müller Stevenson Junior Research Fellow University College Oxford © Frank Lorenz Müller 2002 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2002 978-0-333-96615-0 All rights reserved.No reproduction,copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced,copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright,Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency,90 Tottenham Court Road,London W1T 4LP. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted his right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright,Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2002 by PALGRAVE Houndmills,Basingstoke,Hampshire RG21 6XS and 175 Fifth Avenue,New York,N.Y.10010 Companies and representatives throughout the world PALGRAVEis the new global academic imprint of St.Martin’s Press LLC Scholarly and Reference Division and Palgrave Publishers Ltd (formerly Macmillan Press Ltd). ISBN 978-1-349-42829-8 ISBN 978-1-4039-1966-3 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9781403919663 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Müller,Frank Lorenz,1970– Britain and the German question:perceptions of nationalism and political reform,1830–63 / Frank Lorenz Müller. p.cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1.Great Britain—Foreign relations—Germany.2.Great Britain– –Foreign relations—19th century.3.Germany—Foreign relations– –Great Britain.4.Germany—Foreign relations—1789–1900.I.Title. DA47.2.M85 2001 327.41043’09’034—dc21 2001035428 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 11 10 09 08 07 06 05 04 03 02 für Hedi und Erhard Contents Acknowledgements ix List of Abbreviations xi Introduction 1 1 British Perceptions of Vormärz Germany, 1830–47 9 Subversion and Reaction in the Wake of the July Revolution, 1830–3 9 Reforms and no Reform Movement, 1834–47 30 2 British Perceptions of Revolutionary Germany, 1848–9 56 Reform, Revolution and Reaction in the German States 58 Revolution, Constitution and Nationalism in the Frankfurt Centre 76 3 British Perceptions of the Austro-Prussian Struggle for Supremacy, 1848–51 108 The Project of a Prussian-led Kleindeutschland, May 1848–April 1850 109 Austria’s Campaign to Recover her Role in Germany, 1848–51 131 4 British Perceptions of the ‘Reaction’ and the Struggle for Federal Reform, 1851–63 157 Suggesting Prussian Leadership: Perceptions of Germany, 1858–61 163 Spanners in the Prussian Works: Adversaries, Reaction and Conflict, 1859–63 182 Conclusion 201 Appendix: Long-standing British Diplomats in the German Confederation (1830–63) 209 Notes 212 Manuscript Sources and Bibliography 247 Index 262 vii Acknowledgements During the writing of this book, I was very fortunate in the generous support I received from numerous individuals and institutions. I am delighted to use this opportunity to record my gratitude and indebted- ness to them. Merton and University Colleges, Oxford, have been my academic homes since 1996. Throughout this time, I have greatly benefited from being part of such learned, generous and caring communities. For that I would like to thank the Warden and Fellows of Merton, its Middle Common Room and domestic staff, as well as the Master, Fellows and staff of ‘Univ’. Without the financial support I received from the Rhodes Trust I could not have undertaken my research. I would therefore like to express my gratitude to the Rhodes Trustees and the friendly people at Rhodes House. I would also like to thank Hugh and Catherine Stevenson whose generosity enabled me to complete this study. In the course of my work I was greatly assisted by archivists and librar- ians. I am particularly grateful to the staff at the Public Record Office, but also to the staff of Southampton University Library, Balliol College Library, the Bodleian Library, the British Library and the County Record Offices in Northampton, Winchester and Hertford. For their permission to consult and quote from archival material I would like to register my gratitude to the Earl of Clarendon, the Trustees of the Broadlands Archives, the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationary Office, the British Library and the Hampshire Record Office. My doctoral supervisor, Professor Hartmut Pogge von Strandmann, first taught me in 1993, then encouraged me to return to Oxford in 1996, and has since helped me in many kind ways. This study owes much to his keen interest, judgement and experience. I am also grateful to Professor Timothy Blanning, Professor Robert Evans, Peter Ghosh, Philip Waller and Dr Leslie Mitchell for their advice and encouragement. My friends and colleagues Dr Dominik Geppert and Dr Benjamin Novick, my mother-in-law, Susan Chesters, and Cameron Laux of Pal- grave Publishers proof-read all or parts of the manuscript. Thanks to their efforts many opaque phrases and infelicities of style have been weeded out. What blemishes remain result from my stubbornness. Celia, my wife, helped me tremendously during the writing of this ix
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