Bridging Neoliberalism and Hindu Nationalism: The Role of Education in Bringing about Contemporary India PDF
Preview Bridging Neoliberalism and Hindu Nationalism: The Role of Education in Bringing about Contemporary India
BRIDGING NEOLIBERALISM AND HINDU NATIONALISM The Role of Education in Bringing about Contemporary India Marie Lall and Kusha Anand First published in Great Britain in 2022 by Bristol University Press University of Bristol 1– 9 Old Park Hill Bristol BS2 8BB UK t: + 44 (0)117 374 6645 e: bup- [email protected] Details of international sales and distribution partners are available at bristoluniversitypress.co.uk © Bristol University Press 2022 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 978-1-5292-2321-7 hardcover ISBN 978-1-5292-2322-4 paperback ISBN 978-1-5292-2323-1 ePub ISBN 978-1-5292-2324-8 ePdf The right of Marie Lall and Kusha Anand to be identified as authors of this work has been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved: no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior permission of Bristol University Press. Every reasonable effort has been made to obtain permission to reproduce copyrighted material. If, however, anyone knows of an oversight, please contact the publisher. The statements and opinions contained within this publication are solely those of the authors and not of the University of Bristol or Bristol University Press. The University of Bristol and Bristol University Press disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any material published in this publication. Bristol University Press works to counter discrimination on grounds of gender, race, disability, age and sexuality. Cover design: Nicky Borowiec Image credit: Anadolu/Hindustan Times Bristol University Press use environmentally responsible print partners. Printed in Great Britain by CMP, Poole ‘Patriotism cannot be our final spiritual shelter; my refuge is humanity. I will not buy glass for the price of diamonds, and I will never allow patriotism to triumph over humanity as long as I live.’ Rabindranath Tagore (1908) For Kian Anand Mann, born at the same time as this book, and the next Indian generation he belongs to – may they become proud of their country Contents List of Abbreviations ix Preface xi Introduction 1 1 The Role of Post- Colonial Politics in Re- Theorizing 19 India’s National Identity PART I Education and Ideology 2 Hindu Nationalism Versus Secularism and the Social 63 Realities of Discrimination 3 India’s Neoliberal Schools: The Hindu Nationalist and 96 Neoliberal Agenda in School Education PART II The Effects of Neoliberalism on Teachers and Higher Education 4 Teachers’ Voices: Neoliberal and Hindu Nationalist 127 Agendas in School Education in Delhi, Mumbai, Chandigarh, Bengaluru, Jaipur, and Guwahati 5 Higher Education, Neoliberalism, and Hindu Nationalism 154 PART III Whither India? 6 The Effects of the Indian Political Choice Model on 189 Citizenship under the BJP Government Epilogue: India at 75 230 vii BRIDGING NEOLIBERALISM AND HINDU NATIONALISM Appendix 1: Pratab Banu Metha’s Article 236 Appendix 2: Distribution of Teachers and Schools from the Study Areas 237 Appendix 3: School Education in Delhi, Chandigarh, Mumbai, 238 Bengaluru, Jaipur, and Assam References 243 Index 312 viii List of Abbreviations AAP Aam Aadmi Party AASU All Assam Students’ Union ABVP Akhil Bharartiya Vidyarthi Parishad AGP Asom Gana Parishad AJP Assam Jatiya Parishad ASA Ambedkar Studies Association ASER Annual Status of Education Report BJP Bharatiya Janata Party BoP Balance of Payments CBSE Central Board of Secondary Education CAA Citizenship Amendment Act CCA Child- Centred Approach DGs Disadvantaged Groups DMC Delhi Minority Commission DPEP District Primary Education Programme EAS Employment Assurance Scheme EMC Entrepreneurial Mindset Curriculum EMI English Medium Instruction EWSs Economically Weaker Sections FDI Foreign Direct Investment GDP Gross Domestic Product GIA Group of Intellectuals and Academicians GoI Government of India HE Higher Education HEFA Higher Education Financing Agency HEIs Higher Education Institutions HRW Human Rights Watch ICHR Indian Council of Historical Research IIMs Indian Institutes of Management IITs Indian Institutes of Technology IMDT Illegal Migrants (Determination by Tribunals) Act IMF International Monetary Fund INIs Institutes of National Importance ix BRIDGING NEOLIBERALISM AND HINDU NATIONALISM JMI Jamia Millia Islamia JNU Jawaharlal Nehru University JNUTA JNU Teachers’ Association MHRD Ministry of Human Resource Development MT Mother Tongue NCERT National Council of Educational Research and Training NCF National Curriculum Framework NDA National Democratic Alliance NEP National Education Policy NER Net Enrolment Ratio NETF National Educational Technology Forum NGOs Non- Governmental Organisations NRC National Register of Citizens NRIs Non- Resident Indians NSSO National Sample Survey Organisation NTFIT National Task Force on Information Technology OBCs Other Backward Classes PBAS Performance Based Appraisal System PM Prime Minister POTA Prevention of Terrorism Act, 2002 PPPs Public– Private Partnerships RSS Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh RTE Right to Education SCs Scheduled Castes SDG Sustainable Development Goal SEQI School Education Quality Index SSA Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan STs Scheduled Tribes TDP Telugu Desam Party TFI Teach for India TISS Tata Institute of Social Sciences UDISE Unified District Information System for Education UGC University Grants Commission UPA United Progressive Alliance VHP Vishva Hindu Parishad x
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