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OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 01/09/2018, SPi Brentano’s Philosophical System OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 01/09/2018, SPi OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 01/09/2018, SPi Brentano’s Philosophical System Mind, Being, Value Uriah Kriegel 1 OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 01/09/2018, SPi 3 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford, OX2 6DP, United Kingdom Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries © Uriah Kriegel 2018 The moral rights of the author have been asserted First Edition published in 2018 Impression: 1 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by licence or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States of America British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Library of Congress Control Number: 2017955295 ISBN 978–0–19–879148–5 Printed and bound by CPI Group (UK) Ltd, Croydon, CR0 4YY Links to third party websites are provided by Oxford in good faith and for information only. Oxford disclaims any responsibility for the materials contained in any third party website referenced in this work. OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 01/09/2018, SPi for Solo It is thyself, mine own self’s better part; Mine eye’s clear eye, my dear heart’s dearer heart, My food, my fortune, and my sweet hope’s aim, My sole earth’s heaven, and my heaven’s claim. (Shakespeare, A Comedy of Errors) OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 01/09/2018, SPi OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 01/09/2018, SPi Contents Introduction: Why Brentano? 1 Part I. Mind 1. Consciousness 19 2. Intentionality 51 3. The Modes of Conscious Intentionality 71 Part II. Being 4. Judgment 103 5. Metaontology: Existence 128 6. Ontology: The Existents 153 Part III. Value 7. Will and Emotion 187 8. Metaethics: Goodness 218 9. Ethics: The Goods 259 Part IV. Conclusion 10. Brentano’s System: The True, the Good, and the Beautiful 283 References 291 Index 305 OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 01/09/2018, SPi OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 01/09/2018, SPi Introduction Why Brentano? This is a book about the late-nineteenth-century/early-twentieth-century Austro-German philosopher Franz Brentano. It attempts to present Brentano’s philosophical system, especially as it pertains to the connection between mind and reality, in terms that would be natural to contemporary analytic philosophers; to develop Brentano’s central ideas where they are overly programmatic or do not take into account philosophical developments that have taken place since Brentano’s death a century ago; and to offer a partial defense of Brentano’s system as quite plausible and in any case extraordinarily creative and thought-provoking. Why write a book about Brentano? For me personally, the primary motivation to study Brentano in detail has been the combination of creativity and plausibility I have found in his work. It seems to me filled with gems that are not so much under-appreciated as virtually unknown by contemporary analytic philosophers. To convince the reader of this is the mandate of the bulk of this book. But there are also metaphilosophical as well as historical reasons to take interest in Brentano. Historically, Brentano’s influ- ence runs much deeper, at a subterranean level, than a cursory acquaintance with the prehistory of twentieth-century philosophy might suggest. Metaphilosophically, Brentano’s conception of philosophy itself – how and why it is to be done – merits attentive consideration. For Brentano combines the clarity and precision of the analytic philosopher with the sweeping vision of the continental philosopher. He pays careful attention to important distinctions, conscientiously defines key notions, presents precise arguments for his claims, judiciously considers potential objections to them, and in general proceeds in a very methodical manner – yet he does so not as an end in itself, but as a means to something else. The end in the service of which he employs these analytical means is the crafting of a grand philosophical system in the classical sense, attempting to produce nothing less than a unified theory of the true, the good, and the beautiful. The book’s primary goal is to make clear to the reader both the grand system Brentano pursued and the analytical means he employed in this pursuit. A further task is to consider the plausibility of various components of the system and propose fixes and improvements where possible. This introduction, meanwhile, has two tasks. In §1,