Breast Pathology: A Volume in the Series: Foundations in Diagnostic Pathology

397 Pages·2011·52.876 MB·English

by  Frances P. Malley, Sarah E. Pinder, Anna Marie Mulliga

BREAST PATHOLOGY
Other books in this series:
Busam: Dermatopathology,
978-0-443-06654-2
Folpe & Inwards: Bone and Soft Tissue Pathology,
978-0-443-06688-7
Hsi: Hematopathology,
978-0-443-06830-0
Iacobuzio-Donahue & Montgomery: Gastrointestinal and Liver Pathology, 2e,
978-1-4377-0925-4
Nucci & Oliva: Gynecologic Pathology,
978-0-443-06920-8
Prayson: Neuropathology,
978-0-443-06658-0
Sidawy & Ali: Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology,
978-0-443-06731-0
Thompson: Endocrine Pathology,
978-0-443-06685-6
Thompson: Head and Neck Pathology,
978-0-443-06960-4
Tubbs & Stoler: Cell and Tissue Based Molecular Pathology,
978-0-443-06901-7
Zander & Farver: Pulmonary Pathology,
978-0-443-06741-9
Zhou & Magi-Galluzzi: Genitourinary Pathology,
978-0-443-06677-1
BREAST PATHOLOGY
A Volume in the Series
FOUNDATIONS IN DIAGNOSTIC PATHOLOGY
SECOND EDITION
EDITED BY SERIES EDITOR
Frances P O’Malley, MB, FRCPC John R Goldblum, MD, FCAP,
Professor FASCP, FACG
Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology Chairman, Department of Anatomic Pathology
University of Toronto The Cleveland Clinic Foundation
Surgical Pathologist Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine
Department of Laboratory Medicine and the Keenan Case Western Reserve University
Research Centre of the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Cleveland, Ohio
Institute United States of America
St. Michael’s Hospital
Toronto, Ontario
Canada
Sarah E Pinder, MB ChB, FRCPath
Professor of Breast Pathology
Department of Cellular Pathology
King’s College London
Lead Consultant Breast Pathologist
Guy’s and St. Thomas’ Hospitals
London
United Kingdom
Anna Marie Mulligan, MB BCh,
MSc, FRCPath
Assistant Professor
Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology
University of Toronto
Surgical Pathologist
Department of Laboratory Medicine and the Keenan
Research Centre of the Li Ka Shing Knowledge
Institute
St. Michael’s Hospital
Toronto, Ontario
Canada
1600 John F. Kennedy Blvd.
Ste 1800
Philadelphia, PA 19103-2899
BREAST PATHOLOGY ISBN: 978-1-4377-1757-0
Copyright © 2011, 2006 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Breast pathology / edited by Frances P. O’Malley, Sarah E. Pinder, Anna Marie Mulligan.—Ed. 2.
p. ; cm.—(Foundations in diagnostic pathology)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-4377-1757-0 (hardcover : alk. paper) 1. Breast—Pathophysiology. 2. Breast—Dis-
eases. I. O’Malley, Frances P. II. Pinder, Sarah E. III. Mulligan, Anna Marie. IV. Series: Founda-
tions in diagnostic pathology.
[DNLM: 1. Breast—pathology. 2. Breast Diseases. WP 800]
RC280.B8B725 2011
618.1’9—dc22
2011006863
Acquisitions Editor: William Schmitt
Developmental Editor: Christine Abshire
Publishing Services Manager: Patricia Tannian
Senior Project Manager: Sarah Wunderly
Design Direction: Lou Forgione
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Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
“The student begins with the patient, continues with the patient, and ends his studies
with the patient, using books and lectures as tools, as means to an end.”
—Sir William Osler (1849–1919)
To my family, Siobhan and Paul, whose love sustains;
to my friend and mentor, David L Page, whose wisdom inspires
—Frances P O’Malley
To my parents, Arthur and Sheila Pinder,
thanks for everything
To Ian Ellis and Chris Elston,
thanks for being friends and mentors
To J, J, A, H, J, & R and to Watford Football Club,
thanks for the sense of perspective!
—Sarah E Pinder
To my parents, Barbara and Peter, and to Blaise and Alexandra,
thanks for all your love, encouragement, and support
—Anna Marie Mulligan
This page intentionally left blank
Contributors
Evdokia Arkoumani, MD, PhD Andrew J Evans, MRCP, FRCR
Consultant Pathologist, The Michael Letcher Professor of Breast Imaging, University of Dundee,
Department of Cellular Pathology, The Princess Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
Alexandra Hospital NHS Trust, Harlow, Essex, Overview of Radiologic Aspects of Breast Disease
United Kingdom
James J Going, MB, PhD
Diagnostic Methodologies: Fine Needle Aspiration
Institute of Cancer Sciences and Medical School,
Cytology
University of Glasgow; Consultant Pathologist,
Sunil Badve, MD, FRCPath Department of Pathology, Glasgow Royal Infirmary,
Professor, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
Professor, Internal Medicine, Indiana University, Normal Breast
Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
Michael A Gonzalez, BMedSci, BMBS, PhD, MRCP
Diseases of the Male Breast
JB & Millicent Kaye Prize Research Fellow, Christ’s
Anita Bane, MB BCh, FRCPath, PhD College, University of Cambridge; Honorary Specialist
Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology and Registrar in Medical Oncology, Department of
Molecular Medicine, McMaster University; Staff Oncology, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge,
Pathologist, Juravinski Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, United Kingdom
Canada Invasive Carcinoma: Other Histologic Prognostic
Diseases of the Nipple; Familial Breast Cancer Factors, Prognostic Indices, and Application of
Prognostic Information for Patient Management
John MS Bartlett, BSc (Hons), PhD, FRCPath
Professor of Molecular Pathology, Edinburgh Cancer Gavin C Harris, BMBS, FRCPath
Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Consultant Anatomical Pathologist, Canterbury Health
Scotland, United Kingdom Laboratories, Christchurch, New Zealand
Breast Cancer Biomarkers: Prognostic and Predictive Invasive Carcinoma: Special Types
Value and External Quality Assurance
Merdol Ibrahim, BSc, PhD
Beverley A Carter, FRCP(C) Manager, UK NEQAS ICC & ISH, UCL Medical
Provincial Director of Pathology and Laboratory School, London, United Kingdom
Medicine, Government of Newfoundland and Breast Cancer Biomarkers: Prognostic and Predictive
Labrador, Health and Community Services, Medical Value and External Quality Assurance
Services Branch, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada
Timothy W Jacobs, MD
Usual Epithelial Hyperplasia and Atypical Ductal
Deputy Chief of Pathology, Virginia Mason Medical
Hyperplasia
Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
Gabriela Dontu, MD, PhD Sclerosing Lesions: Sclerosing Adenosis, Radial Scar/
Reader, King’s College London, School of Medicine, Complex Sclerosing Lesion, and Microglandular
London, United Kingdom Adenosis; Atypical Lobular Hyperplasia and
Breast Cancer: Emerging Methods for the Assessment Lobular Carcinoma In Situ; An Overview of
of Primary Tumors, Including Genomic and Stem Cell Immunohistochemistry in Diagnosis of Breast Lesions
Characterization in Breast Cancer
Jonathan J James, BMBS, FRCR
Ian O Ellis, BMBS, FRCPath Consultant Radiologist, Nottingham Breast Institute,
Professor of Cancer Pathology, Nottingham University, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust,
Histopathology Department, Nottingham City Hospital Nottingham, United Kingdom
NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom Overview of Radiologic Aspects of Breast Disease
Histologic Grade
vii
viii CONTRIBUTORS
Bharat Jasani, BSc (Hons), PhD, MB ChB, FRCPath Frances P O’Malley, MB, FRCPC
Professor of Oncological Pathology, School of Professor, Department of Laboratory Medicine and
Medicine, Cardiff University; Professor of Oncological Pathobiology, University of Toronto; Surgical
Pathology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff & Pathologist, Department of Laboratory Medicine and
Vale Health Board, Cardiff, South Glamorgan, the Keenan Research Centre of the Li Ka Shing
United Kingdom Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto,
Breast Cancer Biomarkers: Prognostic and Predictive Ontario, Canada
Value and External Quality Assurance Handling of Surgical Specimens; Core Biopsy:
Methodologies, Reporting, and Management Issues;
Sunil R Lakhani, MD, FRCPath, FRCPA
Papillary Lesions; Fibroepithelial Lesions, Including
Professor and Head, Molecular and Cellular Pathology,
Fibroadenoma and Phyllodes Tumors; Benign Stromal
School of Medicine, University of Queensland;
Lesions of the Breast; Diseases of the Nipple; Atypical
Director, Anatomical Pathology, Pathology
Lobular Hyperplasia and Lobular Carcinoma In Situ;
Queensland, The Royal Brisbane and Women’s
Morphology of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ; Invasive
Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
Carcinoma: Special Types; Familial Breast Cancer;
Molecular Genetics of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ and
An Overview of Immunohistochemistry in Diagnosis
Lobular Carcinoma In Situ
of Breast Lesions
Andrew HS Lee, MD, MRCP, FRCPath
David L Page, MD
Consultant Histopathologist, Nottingham University
Professor of Pathology, Division of Anatomical
Hospitals, Nottingham, United Kingdom
Pathology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine,
Inflammatory Lesions, Infections, and Silicone
Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
Granulomas
Usual Epithelial Hyperplasia and Atypical Ductal
R Douglas Macmillan, MB ChB, MD, FRCS Hyperplasia
Honorary Lecturer, Nottingham University Hospitals
Sarah E Pinder, MB ChB, FRCPath
NHS Trust; Consultant Oncoplastic Breast Surgeon,
Professor of Breast Pathology, Department of Cellular
Nottingham Breast Institute, Nottingham, United
Pathology, King’s College London; Lead Consultant
Kingdom
Breast Pathologist, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ Hospitals,
Overview of Clinical Aspects of Breast Disease
London, United Kingdom
Keith Miller, FIBMS Handling of Surgical Specimens; Core Biopsy:
Chief Scientific Officer, UCL-Advanced Diagnostics; Methodologies, Reporting, and Management Issues;
Director, UK National External Quality Assessment Fibroepithelial Lesions, Including Fibroadenoma and
Scheme for Immunocytochemistry and In-situ Phyllodes Tumors; Benign Stromal Lesions of the
Hybridisation, Department of Pathology, The Cancer Breast; Morphology of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ;
Institute, London, United Kingdom Invasive Carcinoma: Special Types; Invasive
Breast Cancer Biomarkers: Prognostic and Predictive Carcinoma: Other Histologic Prognostic Factors,
Value and External Quality Assurance Prognostic Indices, and Application of Prognostic
Information for Patient Management; An Overview of
Anna Marie Mulligan, MB BCh, MSc, FRCPath
Immunohistochemistry in Diagnosis of Breast Lesions
Assistant Professor, Department of Laboratory
Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto; Emad A Rakha, MB BCh, MSc, MD, PhD, FRCPath
Surgical Pathologist, Department of Laboratory Senior Lecturer, University of Nottingham; Consultant
Medicine and the Keenan Research Centre of the Li Pathologist, Nottingham University Hospital NHS
Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
Toronto, Ontario, Canada Histologic Grade
Handling of Surgical Specimens; Core Biopsy:
Jorge S Reis-Filho, MD, PhD, FRCPath
Methodologies, Reporting, and Management Issues;
The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre,
Papillary Lesions; Fibroepithelial Lesions, Including
The Institute of Cancer Research, London,
Fibroadenoma and Phyllodes Tumors; Benign Stromal
United Kingdom
Lesions of the Breast; Diseases of the Nipple;
Molecular Genetics of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ and
Fibrocystic Change and Columnar Cell Lesions;
Lobular Carcinoma In Situ
Familial Breast Cancer
Alessandra F Nascimento, MD
Assistant Professor, Harvard School of Medicine;
Pathologist, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston,
Massachusetts, United States of America
Other Malignant Lesions of the Breast
CONTRIBUTORS ix
Emanuele de Rinaldis, PhD, MSc Donald L Weaver, MD
Senior Research Fellow, Genome Bioinformatics, Professor of Pathology, University of Vermont College
Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Unit, King’s of Medicine; Attending Pathologist, Fletcher Allen
College London, Guy’s Hospital Campus, London, Health Care, Burlington, Vermont, United States of
United Kingdom America
Breast Cancer: Emerging Methods for the Assessment Handling and Evaluation of Sentinel Lymph Nodes;
of Primary Tumors, Including Genomic and Stem Cell Sentinel Node Biopsy and Lymph Node Classification
Characterization in Breast Cancer in the 7th Edition Staging Manual
Jean F Simpson, MD Clive Wells, MA, MB BChir, FRCPath
Professor of Pathology, Division of Anatomical Honorary Senior Lecturer, University College London;
Pathology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Consultant Pathologist, University College Hospital,
Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America London, United Kingdom
Usual Epithelial Hyperplasia and Atypical Ductal Diagnostic Methodologies: Fine Needle Aspiration
Hyperplasia Cytology
Andrew Tutt, MB ChB, PhD, MRCP, FRCR Bruce J Youngson, MSc, MD, FRCPC
Clinical Reader in Breast Translational Oncology, Assistant Professor, Department of Laboratory
King’s College London, School of Medicine; Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto;
Consultant Clinical Oncologist, Guy’s, King’s, and Staff Pathologist and Consultant in Breast Pathology,
St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, Department of Pathology, Toronto General Hospital,
United Kingdom University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Breast Cancer: Emerging Methods for the Assessment Fibrocystic Change and Columnar Cell Lesions
of Primary Tumors, Including Genomic and Stem Cell
Characterization in Breast Cancer