Breast Cancer Stem Cells & Therapy Resistance

122 Pages·2015·4.232 MB·English

by  Phuc Van Pham (auth.)

SPRINGERBRIEFS IN STEM CELLS
Phuc Van Pham
Breast Cancer
Stem Cells
& Therapy
Resistance
123
SpringerBriefs in Stem Cells

More information about this series at h ttp://www.springer.com/series/10206

Phuc Van Pham
Breast Cancer Stem Cells
& Therapy Resistance
Phuc Van Pham
Animal Physiology and Biotechnology
Vietnam National University of Science
Ho Chi Minh City , Vietnam
ISSN 2192-8118 ISSN 2192-8126 (electronic)
SpringerBriefs in Stem Cells
ISBN 978-3-319-22019-2 ISBN 978-3-319-22020-8 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-22020-8
Library of Congress Control Number: 2015947264
Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London
© The author(s) 2015
T his work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of
the material is concerned, specifi cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation,
broadcasting, reproduction on microfi lms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information
storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology
now known or hereafter developed.
T he use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication
does not imply, even in the absence of a specifi c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant
protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
T he publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book
are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the
editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors
or omissions that may have been made.
Printed on acid-free paper
S pringer International Publishing AG Switzerland is part of Springer Science+Business Media
(www.springer.com)
Pref ace
The past twenty years have seen a signifi cant worldwide reduction in mortality
from breast cancer, largely due to improved early detection methods and develop-
ment of more effective therapies, including adjuvant therapies. However, more than
fi fty percent of breast tumors do not respond to these therapies and more than
seventy percent of patients relapse after fi ve years. These failures are largely due to
breast cancer stem cells (CSCs), found in all malignant breast tumors. Breast CSCs
are considered to be the origins of tumors and contributors to metastasis and relapse
processes in breast cancer patients.
Targeting breast CSCs is therefore a promising therapeutic strategy. Over the
last ten years, many properties of breast CSCs have been discovered and used to
facilitate new targeting strategies, several of which have been tested in clinical
trials and have gone on to become conventional breast cancer treatments.
This book summarizes some specifi c characteristics of breast cancer stem cells,
therapy resistance, and some novel therapies targeting to breast cancer stem cells.
Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam Phuc Van Pham
v

Acknowledgments
I am deeply grateful to Dr. Ngoc Kim Phan and Prof. Kiet Dinh Truong for their
generous and humble guidance during the whole of my scientifi c career. Thanks to
my editor Aleta Kalkstein (Springer, USA) for her supportive and kind assistance.
vii

Contents
1 Introduction to Breast Cancer ................................................................. 1
1.1 Breast Cancer Statistics ...................................................................... 1
1.2 Breast Cancer Treatment .................................................................... 3
References ................................................................................................... 3
2 Stem Cells and Cancer Stem Cells........................................................... 5
2.1 Stem Cells .......................................................................................... 5
2.2 Cancer Stem Cells .............................................................................. 6
2.2.1 History of Cancer Stem Cells ................................................. 6
2.2.2 Origins of CSCs ..................................................................... 8
2.2.3 Markers of CSCs .................................................................... 11
2.2.4 CSCs and Tumor-Initiating Cells ........................................... 13
2.2.5 Properties of CSCs ................................................................. 13
2.3 Breast CSCS ....................................................................................... 14
2.3.1 From the Beginning ................................................................ 14
2.3.2 Origin of Breast CSCs ............................................................ 15
References ................................................................................................... 17
3 Breast Cancer Stem Cell Identification and Isolation ........................... 25
3.1 Breast Cancer Stem Cell Identifi cation .............................................. 25
3.1.1 Specifi c Markers ..................................................................... 25
3.1.2 ALDH ..................................................................................... 28
3.1.3 Side Population ...................................................................... 29
3.2 Breast Cancer Stem Cells: Isolation ................................................... 30
3.2.1 Enrichment of Breast Cancer Stem Cells ............................... 30
3.2.2 Sorting Breast Cancer Stem Cells .......................................... 32
References ................................................................................................... 35
4 Breast Cancer Stem Cell Culture and Proliferation .............................. 41
4.1 Breast Cancer Stem Cells, Spontaneous Differentiation,
and Inter-conversion ........................................................................... 41
ix