Brazil and China in Knowledge and Policy Transfer: Agents, Objects, Time, Structures and Power

353 Pages·2022·5.687 MB·English

by  Osmany Porto de Oliveira, Giulia C. Romano

Brazil and China in
Knowledge and Policy
Transfer
Agents, Objects, Time,
Structures and Power
Edited by
Osmany Porto de Oliveira · Giulia C. Romano
Brazil and China in Knowledge and Policy Transfer
·
Osmany Porto de Oliveira Giulia C. Romano
Editors
Brazil and China
in Knowledge
and Policy Transfer
Agents, Objects, Time, Structures and Power
Editors
Osmany Porto de Oliveira Giulia C. Romano
Federal University of São Paulo IN-EAST
Osasco, Brazil University of Duisburg-Essen
Duisburg, Nordrhein-Westfalen
Germany
ISBN 978-3-031-09115-5 ISBN 978-3-031-09116-2 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-09116-2
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Acknowledgements
The idea of preparing this book came during the 3rd International
Conference on Public Policies (ICPP-3) in Singapore in June 2017. We
were both attending panels dedicated to policy transfer studies and in this
way we also had the occasion to get to know each other and present our
own research. At that time, Osmany had just published his book on the
diffusion of Participatory Budgeting with Palgrave Macmillan, and was
expanding his research to other cases of social policy diffusion from Brazil.
Giulia had just concluded her Ph.D. dissertation in Sciences Po-Paris and
presented for the first time her research on policy transfers to China,
which was later turned into a monograph published also by Palgrave
Macmillan in 2020. We also had both networks of colleagues working
on our respective topics of research. Later on that year, Giulia invited
Osmany to present his book at the Institute of East Asian Studies (IN-
EAST) of the University of Duisburg-Essen. The discussion that followed,
with other experts on China, made us more evident that both Brazil and
China presented striking similarities. We felt that we had something to
explore, and that what we had in our hands was a promising research
agenda.
It was right to move on, and we had the support of different
colleagues. Another occasion to exchange on Brazil and China in policy
diffusion activities came at the beginning of 2018. At that time Osmany
was visiting fellow at the Institute of Development Studies (IDS) in
Brighton (UK), and co-organized with Alex Shankland and Lidia Cabral
v
vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
an event called ‘BRICS Policy Diffusion and Development Coopera-
tion Workshop’. The meeting brought together a group of young and
senior scholars specialized in both Brazil and China. The success of the
discussions and the enthusiasm of the participants convinced us about
the opportunity to organize a book. We met again, this time together
with other colleagues who finally also contributed to this volume at the
International Conference on Policy Diffusion and Development Cooper-
ation (ICPDDC) in São Paulo in May 2018, and the discussions evolved.
Giulia and Osmany met once more in Paris, in January 2019, at the
Institut des Hautes Études de l’Amérique Latine (IHEAL) of the Univer-
sity of Sorbonne, to discuss the opportunity of organizing a workshop to
discuss the contents of the book. This workshop was finally organized
in Duisburg in November 2019. Giulia and her colleagues welcomed
the discussions at the IN-EAST (University of Duisburg-Essen) and the
project for Palgrave Macmillan was finally prepared.
We planned to submit this book in late 2020. The Covid-19 outbreak
then caught us by surprise and brought different challenges for each of the
authors, delaying the whole writing process. Some research projects have
been downsized due to difficult access to fieldwork. Moreover, different
changes related to Brazil and China arose very rapidly during and after
the pandemic. The speed of changes made it difficult to understand their
extent and significance in such a short time and through careful research.
Therefore, we decided not to take into account these developments in our
book, which theoretically stops at the ‘gates’ of 2020. Nonetheless, we
could not ignore them, and for this reason we made some considerations
in our postface, taking into account that the ‘world that we knew’ before
the preparation of this book has changed considerably.
Organizing this book would have not been possible without the
encouragement and assistance of many colleagues, which we would like
to thank: Alex Shankland, Anastasia Nikulina, Armin Müller, Francisco
Gaetani, Gerry Bloom, Isabele Bachtold, Jennifer Constantine, João
Vasconcelos, Lídia Botelho, Lidia Cabral, Liu Tao, Lukas De Boni, Nele
Noesselt, Roberta Sakai, and Thomas Cooper Patriota. We are also very
grateful to the following institutions and initiatives for their support and
for hosting our discussions: the Laboratory of International Public Poli-
cies (Laboppi) at the Federal University of São Paulo; the Institute of East
Asian Studies of the University of Duisburg-Essen, and its research initia-
tive IN-EAST School of Advanced Studies, funded by the German Federal
Ministry of Education and Research, which supported our exchanges and
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS vii
the workshop held in 2019; the Centre for Rising Powers and Global
Development and the Sussex Brazil Group of the Institute for Devel-
opment Studies; the Rising Powers Study Group of the Development
Studies Association; the Institut des Hautes Études de l’Amérique Latine
of the University of Sorbonne. And of course, we want to express all our
gratitude to the contributors of this book, who patiently answered our
questions and comments, tried as much as possible to comply with the
deadlines (despite the difficulties), and taught us many things thanks to
their specific perspectives and sensibilities.
Without doubt, the exchanges that occurred in these years, the trips
to Brazil, the UK, France, and Germany, and the connections that have
been built for the preparation of this book were very nice experiences
which collectively made up a very exciting adventure that we do not want
(and it does not have) to stop here. We wish this book to represent a
first milestone for new research projects interested in the contribution of
‘rising powers’ and of other countries in knowledge and policy transfer.
We are glad we have contributed with this first step, and we wish the
reader a pleasant reading throughout our various contributions.
Contents
1 Introduction—Knowledge and Policy Transfers
from Brazil and China: Research Questions
for a Promising Agenda 1
Osmany Porto de Oliveira and Giulia C. Romano
2 Policy Diffusion and Transfer as Foreign Policy
Instruments: A Classification with Evidence
from Brazil and China 43
Carlos Aurélio Pimenta de Faria, Giulia C. Romano,
and Markus Taube
3 The Rise and Fall of Brazil as a “Policy Exporter”:
From Lula Da Silva to Jair Bolsonaro 75
Laura Trajber Waisbich, Juliana Ramos Luiz,
and Carlos Aurélio Pimenta de Faria
4 China’s Global Role: Knowledge and Policy Diffusion 107
Neil Renwick and Jing Gu
5 Policy Circulation and South–South Cooperation
in Brazil–Africa Relations: Rise, Fall and Change 153
Laura Trajber Waisbich
ix
x CONTENTS
6 China’s Policy Export to Africa:
From the Development-Security Nexus
to Knowledge-Transfer 185
Georg Lammich
7 Social Policy Diplomacy: The Diffusion of Brazilian
Instruments in the Fight Against Hunger 217
Osmany Porto de Oliveira
8 From Hard to Soft Power: Chinese Policy Diffusion
in Pakistan in the Age of CPEC 241
Asma Faiz
9 Knowledge and Policy Transfers Along the BRI: The
Case of Duisburg 271
Giulia C. Romano and Markus Taube
10 The Diffusion of Brazilian Public Policies Within
International Venues: The Cases of Health and Rural
Development 305
Juliana Ramos Luiz and Maria Berta Ecija
Postface 335
Index 341
Notes on Contributors
de Faria Carlos Aurélio Pimenta is Senior Associate Professor at the
Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, Brazil. He holds a Ph.D. in
Political Science (IUPERJ) and was Rio Branco Professor at the Univer-
sity of Oxford; a visiting scholar at the Institute of Development Studies,
University of Sussex; and at Umeå Universitet, Sweden.
Ecija Maria Berta recently finished her Ph.D. at King’s College London,
in the School of Global Affairs (King’s Brazil Institute and African
Leadership Centre). Her research focuses on Global Health Diplomacy,
especially looking at the South–South Cooperation in Health. She holds
an M.A. in Diplomacy and Foreign Policy, from City University of
London, and a B.A. in International Relations from the University of Vila
Velha (UVV, Brazil). She is currently Lecturer in Global Public Health at
the Institute of Population Health Science at Queen Mary University of
London.
Faiz Asma is Assistant Professor of Political Science at Lahore Univer-
sity of Management Sciences (LUMS), Pakistan. She has a Doctorate in
Political Science from Sciences Po, Paris. Dr. Faiz’s work research inter-
ests focus on nationalism, federalism, party politics, and populism. She is
a recipient of fellowships offered by Regional Centre for Strategic Studies
(RCSS), Sri Lanka, Fulbright Foundation and Campus France. Her edited
volume Making Federation Work: Federalism in Pakistan After the 18th
Amendment was published by the Oxford University Press, Karachi
xi