Brain Injury Treatment - Theories and Practices - J. Leon-Carrion, et. al., (Taylor and Francis, 2006) WW

606 Pages·2006·4.81 MB·English

Brain Injury Treatment

STUDIES ON NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, NEUROLOGY,
AND COGNITION

Series Editor:
Linas Bieliauskas, Ph.D.
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

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Neuropsychological Rehabilitation: Theory and Practice.
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A Casebook of Ethical Challenges in Neuropsychology.
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Neurobehavioral Toxicology: Neurological and Neuropsychological Perspectives.
Volume I Foundations and Methods.
Stanley Berent and James W. Albers

Neurobehavioral Toxicology: Neurological and Neuropsychological Perspectives.
Volume II Peripheral Nervous System.
James W. Albers and Stanley Berent

Neurobehavioral Toxicology: Neurological and Neuropsychological Perspectives.
Volume III Central Nervous System.
Stanley Berent and James W. Albers (2006)

Geriatric Neuropsychology: Practice Essentials.
Edited by Shane S. Bush and Thomas A. Martin

Brain Injury Treatment
Theories and Practices

Edited by
José León-Carrión, Klaus R. H. von Wild
and George A. Zitnay

First published 2006 by Taylor & Francis
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Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada
by Taylor & Francis
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informa business

Copyright © 2006 Taylor & Francis

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British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Brain injury treatment: theories and practices / edited by José León-
Carrión, Klaus R. H. von Wild, George A. Zitnay
p. cm.
Includes bibliographies references and index.
ISBN 1–84169–572–6 (hbk)
1. Brain damage—Patients—Rehabilitation.
I. León-Carrión,
José.
II. Wild, K. R. H. von (Klaus)
III. Zitnay, George A.
RC387.5.B745
2005
617.4′810443—dc22
2004026204

ISBN13: 978-1-84169-572-3
ISBN10: 1-84169-572-6

This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2006.

“To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s
collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.”

Contents

From the series editor
xiii
List of contributors
xv
List of tables and figures
xviii
Note
xxiii

1 Prehospital management of traumatic brain injury
1

ANDY JAGODA AND JOHN BRUNS, JR

Introduction 1
Prehospital systems 2
Prehospital assessment of the TBI patient 4
Prehospital management of the TBI patient 7
Transport decisions 11
Conclusion 12

2 Mild brain injury: Detecting high-risk patients
17

M. A. MUÑOZ-SANCHEZ, F. MURILLO-CABEZAS, AND
J. LEÓN-CARRIÓN

Introduction 17
Risk factors 18
Guidelines for the management of mild head injury 23
Concluding remarks 25

3 Organization of neurological intensive care units
28

JOSÉ MARÍA DOMÍNGUEZ-ROLDÁN, CLAUDIO GARCÍA-ALFARO,
AND WALTER VIDETTA

History of the development of intensive care units 28
Neurological intensive care 31
Care management of patients with traumatic brain injury 33
Care management of patients with cerebrovascular pathology 38

Other pathologies in neurological intensive care 44
General management of neurological intensive care units 45
Cerebral monitoring techniques in the critical patient 48
Evaluating the efficiency of neurological intensive care units 55

4 Current concepts and strategies on early neurorehabilitation
for patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI): A model project
according to the guidelines of the German Task Force on Early
Neurological–Neurosurgical Rehabilitation
63

KLAUS R. H. VON WILD

Introduction 63
Historical remarks 64
Spectrum of neurorehabilitation 65
Coma Remission Scale 67
Standards 71
Multidisciplinary team 71
Technology and quality of life 75
Perspectives 76
Concluding remarks 77

5 Electrical treatment of coma: Experience in the eastern USA
and central Japan
80

EDWIN COOPER AND TETSUO KANNO

Introduction 80
Experience in Japan with electrical stimulation for coma 85
Review of prognosis and outcomes in the literature 96
Right median nerve electrical stimulation (RMNS) 102
Discussion 110
Conclusion 110

6 Low-level responsive states
117

JOSÉ LEÓN-CARRIÓN, MARÍA DEL ROSARIO DOMÍNGUEZ-
MORALES, AND JOSÉ MARÍA DOMÍNGUEZ-ROLDÁN

Coma 117
Persistent vegetative state 127
Locked-in syndrome (LIS) 132
Minimally responsive state 137
Akinetic mutism 138
Legal aspects 138
Conclusions 140

vi
Contents

7 Diagnosing and treating affective disorders after brain injury
144

DALE F. THOMAS AND JOSÉ LEÓN-CARRIÓN

Introduction 144
Epidemiological data 145
Other factors contributing to mood disturbances following
brain injury 148
Suicide precautions and intervention strategies 150
Methods of treating depression and intervention strategies 152
Talk therapy in neurorehabilitation 155
Other treatment modalities to treatment of depression and
anxiety 157
Concluding remarks 157

8 Sleep disorders in patients with traumatic brain injury
163

ANTONIO VELA-BUENO, E. O. BIXLER, AND A. N. VGONTZAS

Introduction 163
Dysomnia 164s
Parasomnias 179
Other sleep disorders 180
Sleep complaints and sleep patterns: relation to cognitive and
behavioural outcome 181

9 Rehabilitation of equilibrium and posture control after brain
injury: The NeuroBird method
187

JOSÉ LEÓN-CARRIÓN, EUGENE MIKHAELENOV, MARÍA DEL
ROSARIO DOMÍNGUEZ-MORALES, AND OLGA VORONINA

Introduction 187
Motor control and stability 188
The NeuroBird method: systems and strategies 190
Presentation of a case of rehabilitation of balance with the
NeuroBird method 199
Concluding remarks 202

10 Neuropharmacologic management of impairment after
traumatic brain injury
205

NATHAN D. ZASLER, MICHAEL F. MARTELLI AND
TREVEN C. PICKETT

Introduction 205
Neurotransmitter receptors 206
Principles of therapeutics 207

Contents
vii

Overview of pharmacologic agents by class 210
Review of treatment options for specific clinical deficits 214
Conclusions 222

11 Spasticity of cerebral origin
230

JOHN S. HONG AND CHRISTOPHER G. ZITNAY

Background 230
Clinical 232

12 Rehabilitation in water: A practical guide
250

GIANPIETRO SALVI, ANNAMARIA QUARENGHI, AND
PAOLA QUARENGHI

Introduction 250
Effects of immersion on the human body 250
The effect of water on the human body 251
Therapeutic effects of water on the human body 252
Structures and means 252
Role of the physiotherapist 252
Indications for rehabilitation in water 253
Contraindications for rehabilitation in water 253
Objectives of treatment in water of patients with TBI 253
Treatment of post-TBI patients 258
Symptoms of cerebellar dysfunction problems and balance 260
Proprioceptive difficulty 265
Stiff joints 267
Stenosis due to injury to the central or peripheral nervous
systems 270
Conclusion 273

13 Neuropsychological assessment of persons with acquired brain injury
275

JOSÉ LEÓN-CARRIÓN, PAUL J. TAAFFE, AND JUAN MANUEL
BARROSO Y MARTÍN

Introduction 275
Quantitative and qualitative assessment 275
The clinical interview 277
Cognitive assessment 279
The assessment of emotions and personality 300
Social consequences of ABI and assessment 303
Concluding remarks 305

viii
Contents

14 Sevilla Neuropsychological Test Battery (BNS) (version 2.0)
for the assessment of executive functioning
313

JOSÉ LEÓN-CARRIÓN

Sevilla computerized Neuropsychological Test Battery (BNS)
(version 2.0) 313
The concept of executive functioning underlying the BNS 315
Evaluation of attentional mechanisms: letter cancellation
subtests 315
Evaluation of hemianopia and hemiattention: tachitoscopic
subtests of attention 317
Evaluation of memory processes and learning 321
Evaluation of neurocognitive interferences: Stroop effect 324
Assessment of decision-making capacity: the Tower of Hanoi-
Sevilla 325
Neurologically-related Changes of Personality Inventory
(NECHAPI) 327
Conclusions 328

15 Methods and tools for the assessment of outcome after brain
injury rehabilitation
331

JOSÉ LEÓN-CARRIÓN

Introduction 331
Scales to be used in the acute phase of TBI 332
Functional assessment measures for post-acute phase 340
Measure for emotional outcome after TBI 347
Concluding remarks 350

16 Assessment of response bias in impairment and disability
examinations
354

MICHAEL F. MARTELLI, NATHAN D. ZASLER, SHANE S. BUSH,
AND TREVEN C. PICKETT

Introduction 354
Examinee response biases 355
Attribution and bias 360
Response bias 361
Conclusions: recommendations for enhancing validity in
impairment and disability assessment findings 375

17 Rehabilitation of cognitive disorders after acquired brain
injury: The Combined Method (TCM)
385

JOSÉ LEÓN-CARRIÓN

Contents
ix