Brain Evolution, Language and Psychopathology in Schizophrenia

259 Pages·2013·2.366 MB·

by  Paolo Brambilla (editor), Andrea Marini (editor)

Brain Evolution, Language and
Psychopathology in Schizophrenia
This book provides a comprehensive review of new developments in the
studyoflanguageprocessingandrelatedneuralnetworksinschizophrenia
by addressing the complex link between psychopathology, language and
evolutionatdifferentlevelsofanalysis.
Psychopathologicalsymptomsinschizophreniaaremainlycharacterized
bythoughtandlanguagedisorders,whicharestrictlyintertwined.Inpartic-
ular, language is the distinctive dimension of human beings and is
ontologically related to brain development. Although normal at the levels
of segmental phonology and morphological organization, the speech of
patients suffering from schizophrenia is often characterized by flattened
intonation and word-finding difficulties. Furthermore, research suggests
that the superior temporal gyrus and specific prefrontal areas which
supportlanguageinhumansarealteredinpeoplewithschizophrenia.
Brambilla and Marini bring together international contributors to
explore the link between brain evolution and the psychopathological
features of schizophrenia, with a focus on language and its neural under-
pinnings.
Dividedintothreesections,thebookcovers:
• brainevolutionandlanguagephylogenesis
• brainabnormalitiesinschizophrenia
• psychopathologyandschizophrenia.
This theoretical approach will appeal to professionals including clinical
psychologists,cognitiveneuroscientists,neuropsychiatrists,neuropsycholo-
gists, neurolinguists and researchers considering the links between brain
evolution,languageandpsychopathologyinschizophrenia.
Paolo Brambilla is Assistant Professor of Psychiatry at the University of
Udine,Italy.
Andrea Marini is Assistant Professor of Cognitive Psychology at the
UniversityofUdine,Italy.
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BrainEvolution,LanguageandPsychopathologyinSchizophrenia
EditedbyPaoloBrambillaandAndreaMarini
Brain Evolution, Language
and Psychopathology in
Schizophrenia
Edited by Paolo Brambilla and
Andrea Marini
Firstpublished2014
byRoutledge
27ChurchRoad,Hove,EastSussex,BN32FA
andbyRoutledge
711ThirdAvenue,NewYork,NY10017
RoutledgeisanimprintoftheTaylor&FrancisGroup,aninformabusiness
©2014P.BrambillaandA.Marini
Therightoftheeditorstobeidentifiedastheauthorsoftheeditorial
material,andoftheauthorsfortheirindividualchapters,hasbeen
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Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereprintedor
reproducedorutilisedinanyformorbyanyelectronic,mechanical,or
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explanationwithoutintenttoinfringe.
BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData
AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary
LibraryofCongressCataloginginPublicationData
Brainevolution,language,andpsychopathologyinschizophrenia/
editedbyPaoloBrambilla,AndreaMarini.
pagescm.–(Explorationsinmentalhealth)
Includesindex.
1.Schizophrenia.2.Schizophrenics–Language.3.Psychology,
Pathological.4.Developmentalneurobiology.I.Brambilla,Paolo,editor
ofcompilation.II.Marini,Andrea,editorofcompilation.
RC514.B6722014
616.89'8--dc23
2013017664
ISBN:978-0-415-53764-3(hbk)
ISBN:978-1-315-88258-1(ebk)
TypesetinBaskerville
byFiSHBooksLtd,Enfield
Contents
Listofillustrations vii
Abouttheeditors viii
Listofcontributors ix
Introduction 1
PARTI
Brain evolution and language phylogenesis 5
1 Genesandtheevolutionoflanguage 7
PHILIPLIEBERMAN
2 Navigation,discourseandtheoriginoflanguage 22
FRANCESCOFERRETTI
3 Phylogeneticaspectsofworld-andself-representationinhumans 33
FRANCOFABBROANDMASSIMOBERGAMASCO
PARTII
Brain abnormalities in schizophrenia 51
4 Auditorycortexasymmetryandlanguageprocessingin
schizophrenia 53
STEVENA.CHANCEANDMANUELF.CASANOVA
5 Disorderedbrainnetworkfunctioninadolescence:Impacton
thought,languageandvulnerabilityforschizophrenia 73
VAIBHAVA.DIWADKARANDNOAOFEN
6 Corpuscallosum,inter-hemisphericcommunicationandlanguage
disturbancesinschizophrenia 96
CINZIAPERLINI,MARCELLABELLANIANDPAOLOBRAMBILLA
vi Contents
7 Structuralandfunctionalbrainimagingofthoughtdisorder 118
ANDREWWATSONANDSTEPHENLAWRIE
8 Brainstructuralabnormalities,socialfunctionand
psychopathologyinschizophrenia 135
JAYAPADMANABHAN,CHRISTINEI.HOOKERANDMATCHERIS.KESHAVAN
PARTIII
Psychopathology and schizophrenia 151
9 Thought,hallucinationsandschizophrenia 153
GEMMAMODINOSANDPHILIPMCGUIRE
10 Neuralcorrelatesofcognitivecontrolandlanguageprocessingin
schizophrenia 168
KATHERINESCANGOSANDCAMERONS.CARTER
11 Narrativelanguageproductioninschizophrenia 181
ANDREAMARINIANDCINZIAPERLINI
12 Socialpremorbidadjustmentandlinguisticabilitiesin
first-episodeschizophrenia 194
PAULASUÁREZ-PINILLA,NICHOLASCHADI,ROSAAYESA-ARRIOLAAND
BENEDICTOCRESPO-FACORRO
13 Symptoms,thoughtdisordersandcognitiveremediation
treatmentinschizophrenia 212
ANTONIOVITAANDLUCADEPERI
PARTIV
Conclusion 229
14 Concludingremarks 231
PAOLOBRAMBILLAANDANDREAMARINI
Glossaryandabbreviations 233
Index 243
Illustrations
Figures
6.1 Intra-andinter-hemisphericmajorwhitematterconnections
representedinamagneticresonanceimageofahumanbrain 97
7.1 Corticalareasrelatedtoaspectsofthoughtdisorder:thesuperior
temporalgyrus 129
7.2 Corticalareasrelatedtoaspectsofthoughtdisorder:the
fusiformgyrus 129
8.1 Confoundingfactorsaffectingcorrelationsbetweenbrain
structureandpsychopathology 144
9.1 Themostconsistentlyreportedareasofabnormalitiesinstudies
ofauditoryhallucinationsinschizophreniacomprisetheleft
superiortemporalgyrusandtheleftmiddletemporalgyrus.
Theimagesdepicttheanatomicallandmarksoftheseregions
ontheaxial(left),andrenderedviews(right) 156
9.2 Areasofconvergentfindingsinfunctionalandstructural
studiesofauditoryhallucinationsinschizophrenia 158
10.1 Illustrationofthecontextmodelwherebyadysfunctional
dorsolateralprefrontalcortex(DLPFC)andpoorconnections
withtheparietalcortexandanteriorcingulatecortex
(ACC)leadtoafaultyrepresentationofcontext 175
11.1 Representationoftheepicenterintheleftinferiorfrontalgyrus
(LIFG)foundinvolvedintheselectionofinformativewordsin
individualswithschizophreniaandhealthyindividuals 188
12.1 Interactionbetweensocialskilldeficitsandlinguisticdisabilities
inpsychosis 195
Table
12.1 Someofthemostcommonalterationsfoundinthelanguageof
patientspresentingwithafirstpsychoticepisode 203
About the editors
Paolo Brambilla is Assistant Professor of Psychiatry at the University of
Udine,Udine,Italy,SeniorResearcherattheIRCCSscientificinstitutes
“E. Medea”, Udine, Adjunct Associate Professor of Psychiatry at the
University of Texas Medical School at Houston, USA, and Head of the
Research Unit on Brain Imaging and Neuropsychology at the
InterUniversity Center for Behavioral Neurosciences of the Universities
of Udine and of Verona, Italy. He has been leading imaging and cogni-
tive studies in major psychoses, mood disorders and developmental
psychiatry. His research has resulted in over 150 publications to date in
internationalpeer-reviewedjournals.
Andrea Marini is Assistant Professor of Cognitive Psychology at the
University of Udine, Italy, where he leads the Language Laboratory at
the Department of Human Sciences. He is Senior Researcher at the
Scientific Institutes “E. Medea” in Udine, and “Santa Lucia” in Rome,
and member of the board of the School of Specialization in Psychiatry
at the University of Udine and of the PhD school of Cognitive
NeuroscienceattheUniversityofTrieste.Hisresearchinterestsinclude
the study of the neural correlates of language, neuropsychology of
language in both adults and children, procedures of discourse analysis
andthephylogeneticevolutionoflanguage.Heisauthorofbooks,book
chaptersandseveralarticlesinpeer-reviewedinternationaljournals.
Contributors
Rosa Ayesa-Arriola is Psychologist Researcher for CIBERSAM (Center for
Biomedical and Health Sciences Research in Psychiatry) at the
PsychiatryResearchUnit of Cantabria, University Hospital‘Marquésde
Valdecilla’, Santander, Spain. Assistant Teacher in the degree in
Psychology for the UNED (National University of Distant Education),
Bergara,Spain.
Marcella Bellani is Senior Registrar in Psychiatry at AOUI Azienda
OspedalieraUniversitariaIntegrataofVerona andSeniorResearcherat
the InterUniversity Centre for Behavioral Neurosciences, University of
Verona, Verona, Italy. Her main research interests include white matter
pathology and neuroimmunology, new brain imaging techniques
appliedtopsychiatry.
Massimo Bergamasco is Full Professor of Theory of Mechanisms and
Machines at the Faculty of Engineering of the Scuola Superiore
Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy. He is the founder of the PERCRO Laboratory
(PERCeptualRObotics)whichperformsresearchactivitiesinvirtualenvi-
ronments, simulators, telemedicine, teleoperation, virtual prototyping
and cultural heritage. He is author of more than 200 scientific papers
publishedonjournalsand/orinternationalconferencesproceedings.
Cameron S. Carter is Professor of Psychiatry and Psychology and Directs
theEarlyDiagnosisandPreventiveTreatment(EDAPT)Clinicaswellas
the Imaging Research Center and the UC Davis Center for
Neuroscience, USA. He has been studying the neural basis of higher
cognition as well as cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia and other
mental disorders using behavioral methods and functional neuroimag-
ingforover20years.
Manuel F. Casanova is the Gottfried and Gisela Kolb Endowed Chair in
Psychiatry at the University of Louisville, USA, He spent three years
doingafellowshipinneuropathologyattheJohnsHopkinsHospital.At
present Dr Casanova has over 200 peer reviewed publications and 70
bookchapters.