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Brain Evolution, Language and Psychopathology in Schizophrenia PDF

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Brain Evolution, Language and Psychopathology in Schizophrenia This book provides a comprehensive review of new developments in the studyoflanguageprocessingandrelatedneuralnetworksinschizophrenia by addressing the complex link between psychopathology, language and evolutionatdifferentlevelsofanalysis. Psychopathologicalsymptomsinschizophreniaaremainlycharacterized bythoughtandlanguagedisorders,whicharestrictlyintertwined.Inpartic- ular, language is the distinctive dimension of human beings and is ontologically related to brain development. Although normal at the levels of segmental phonology and morphological organization, the speech of patients suffering from schizophrenia is often characterized by flattened intonation and word-finding difficulties. Furthermore, research suggests that the superior temporal gyrus and specific prefrontal areas which supportlanguageinhumansarealteredinpeoplewithschizophrenia. Brambilla and Marini bring together international contributors to explore the link between brain evolution and the psychopathological features of schizophrenia, with a focus on language and its neural under- pinnings. Dividedintothreesections,thebookcovers: • brainevolutionandlanguagephylogenesis • brainabnormalitiesinschizophrenia • psychopathologyandschizophrenia. This theoretical approach will appeal to professionals including clinical psychologists,cognitiveneuroscientists,neuropsychiatrists,neuropsycholo- gists, neurolinguists and researchers considering the links between brain evolution,languageandpsychopathologyinschizophrenia. Paolo Brambilla is Assistant Professor of Psychiatry at the University of Udine,Italy. Andrea Marini is Assistant Professor of Cognitive Psychology at the UniversityofUdine,Italy. Explorations in Mental Health series Booksinthisseries: NewLawandEthicsinMentalHealthAdvanceDirectives TheConventionontheRightsofPersonswithDisabilitiesandtheRight toChoose PenelopeWeller TheClinician,theBrain,andI Neuroscientificfindingsandthesubjectiveselfinclinicalpractice TonySchneider APsychologicalPerspectiveonJoyandEmotionalFulfillment ChrisM.Meadows BrainEvolution,LanguageandPsychopathologyinSchizophrenia EditedbyPaoloBrambillaandAndreaMarini Brain Evolution, Language and Psychopathology in Schizophrenia Edited by Paolo Brambilla and Andrea Marini Firstpublished2014 byRoutledge 27ChurchRoad,Hove,EastSussex,BN32FA andbyRoutledge 711ThirdAvenue,NewYork,NY10017 RoutledgeisanimprintoftheTaylor&FrancisGroup,aninformabusiness ©2014P.BrambillaandA.Marini Therightoftheeditorstobeidentifiedastheauthorsoftheeditorial material,andoftheauthorsfortheirindividualchapters,hasbeen assertedinaccordancewithsections77and78oftheCopyright, DesignsandPatentsAct1988. Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereprintedor reproducedorutilisedinanyformorbyanyelectronic,mechanical,or othermeans,nowknownorhereafterinvented,includingphotocopying andrecording,orinanyinformationstorageorretrievalsystem, withoutpermissioninwritingfromthepublishers. Trademarknotice:Productorcorporatenamesmaybetrademarksor registeredtrademarks,andareusedonlyforidentificationand explanationwithoutintenttoinfringe. BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary LibraryofCongressCataloginginPublicationData Brainevolution,language,andpsychopathologyinschizophrenia/ editedbyPaoloBrambilla,AndreaMarini. pagescm.–(Explorationsinmentalhealth) Includesindex. 1.Schizophrenia.2.Schizophrenics–Language.3.Psychology, Pathological.4.Developmentalneurobiology.I.Brambilla,Paolo,editor ofcompilation.II.Marini,Andrea,editorofcompilation. RC514.B6722014 616.89'8--dc23 2013017664 ISBN:978-0-415-53764-3(hbk) ISBN:978-1-315-88258-1(ebk) TypesetinBaskerville byFiSHBooksLtd,Enfield Contents Listofillustrations vii Abouttheeditors viii Listofcontributors ix Introduction 1 PARTI Brain evolution and language phylogenesis 5 1 Genesandtheevolutionoflanguage 7 PHILIPLIEBERMAN 2 Navigation,discourseandtheoriginoflanguage 22 FRANCESCOFERRETTI 3 Phylogeneticaspectsofworld-andself-representationinhumans 33 FRANCOFABBROANDMASSIMOBERGAMASCO PARTII Brain abnormalities in schizophrenia 51 4 Auditorycortexasymmetryandlanguageprocessingin schizophrenia 53 STEVENA.CHANCEANDMANUELF.CASANOVA 5 Disorderedbrainnetworkfunctioninadolescence:Impacton thought,languageandvulnerabilityforschizophrenia 73 VAIBHAVA.DIWADKARANDNOAOFEN 6 Corpuscallosum,inter-hemisphericcommunicationandlanguage disturbancesinschizophrenia 96 CINZIAPERLINI,MARCELLABELLANIANDPAOLOBRAMBILLA vi Contents 7 Structuralandfunctionalbrainimagingofthoughtdisorder 118 ANDREWWATSONANDSTEPHENLAWRIE 8 Brainstructuralabnormalities,socialfunctionand psychopathologyinschizophrenia 135 JAYAPADMANABHAN,CHRISTINEI.HOOKERANDMATCHERIS.KESHAVAN PARTIII Psychopathology and schizophrenia 151 9 Thought,hallucinationsandschizophrenia 153 GEMMAMODINOSANDPHILIPMCGUIRE 10 Neuralcorrelatesofcognitivecontrolandlanguageprocessingin schizophrenia 168 KATHERINESCANGOSANDCAMERONS.CARTER 11 Narrativelanguageproductioninschizophrenia 181 ANDREAMARINIANDCINZIAPERLINI 12 Socialpremorbidadjustmentandlinguisticabilitiesin first-episodeschizophrenia 194 PAULASUÁREZ-PINILLA,NICHOLASCHADI,ROSAAYESA-ARRIOLAAND BENEDICTOCRESPO-FACORRO 13 Symptoms,thoughtdisordersandcognitiveremediation treatmentinschizophrenia 212 ANTONIOVITAANDLUCADEPERI PARTIV Conclusion 229 14 Concludingremarks 231 PAOLOBRAMBILLAANDANDREAMARINI Glossaryandabbreviations 233 Index 243 Illustrations Figures 6.1 Intra-andinter-hemisphericmajorwhitematterconnections representedinamagneticresonanceimageofahumanbrain 97 7.1 Corticalareasrelatedtoaspectsofthoughtdisorder:thesuperior temporalgyrus 129 7.2 Corticalareasrelatedtoaspectsofthoughtdisorder:the fusiformgyrus 129 8.1 Confoundingfactorsaffectingcorrelationsbetweenbrain structureandpsychopathology 144 9.1 Themostconsistentlyreportedareasofabnormalitiesinstudies ofauditoryhallucinationsinschizophreniacomprisetheleft superiortemporalgyrusandtheleftmiddletemporalgyrus. Theimagesdepicttheanatomicallandmarksoftheseregions ontheaxial(left),andrenderedviews(right) 156 9.2 Areasofconvergentfindingsinfunctionalandstructural studiesofauditoryhallucinationsinschizophrenia 158 10.1 Illustrationofthecontextmodelwherebyadysfunctional dorsolateralprefrontalcortex(DLPFC)andpoorconnections withtheparietalcortexandanteriorcingulatecortex (ACC)leadtoafaultyrepresentationofcontext 175 11.1 Representationoftheepicenterintheleftinferiorfrontalgyrus (LIFG)foundinvolvedintheselectionofinformativewordsin individualswithschizophreniaandhealthyindividuals 188 12.1 Interactionbetweensocialskilldeficitsandlinguisticdisabilities inpsychosis 195 Table 12.1 Someofthemostcommonalterationsfoundinthelanguageof patientspresentingwithafirstpsychoticepisode 203 About the editors Paolo Brambilla is Assistant Professor of Psychiatry at the University of Udine,Udine,Italy,SeniorResearcherattheIRCCSscientificinstitutes “E. Medea”, Udine, Adjunct Associate Professor of Psychiatry at the University of Texas Medical School at Houston, USA, and Head of the Research Unit on Brain Imaging and Neuropsychology at the InterUniversity Center for Behavioral Neurosciences of the Universities of Udine and of Verona, Italy. He has been leading imaging and cogni- tive studies in major psychoses, mood disorders and developmental psychiatry. His research has resulted in over 150 publications to date in internationalpeer-reviewedjournals. Andrea Marini is Assistant Professor of Cognitive Psychology at the University of Udine, Italy, where he leads the Language Laboratory at the Department of Human Sciences. He is Senior Researcher at the Scientific Institutes “E. Medea” in Udine, and “Santa Lucia” in Rome, and member of the board of the School of Specialization in Psychiatry at the University of Udine and of the PhD school of Cognitive NeuroscienceattheUniversityofTrieste.Hisresearchinterestsinclude the study of the neural correlates of language, neuropsychology of language in both adults and children, procedures of discourse analysis andthephylogeneticevolutionoflanguage.Heisauthorofbooks,book chaptersandseveralarticlesinpeer-reviewedinternationaljournals. Contributors Rosa Ayesa-Arriola is Psychologist Researcher for CIBERSAM (Center for Biomedical and Health Sciences Research in Psychiatry) at the PsychiatryResearchUnit of Cantabria, University Hospital‘Marquésde Valdecilla’, Santander, Spain. Assistant Teacher in the degree in Psychology for the UNED (National University of Distant Education), Bergara,Spain. Marcella Bellani is Senior Registrar in Psychiatry at AOUI Azienda OspedalieraUniversitariaIntegrataofVerona andSeniorResearcherat the InterUniversity Centre for Behavioral Neurosciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy. Her main research interests include white matter pathology and neuroimmunology, new brain imaging techniques appliedtopsychiatry. Massimo Bergamasco is Full Professor of Theory of Mechanisms and Machines at the Faculty of Engineering of the Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy. He is the founder of the PERCRO Laboratory (PERCeptualRObotics)whichperformsresearchactivitiesinvirtualenvi- ronments, simulators, telemedicine, teleoperation, virtual prototyping and cultural heritage. He is author of more than 200 scientific papers publishedonjournalsand/orinternationalconferencesproceedings. Cameron S. Carter is Professor of Psychiatry and Psychology and Directs theEarlyDiagnosisandPreventiveTreatment(EDAPT)Clinicaswellas the Imaging Research Center and the UC Davis Center for Neuroscience, USA. He has been studying the neural basis of higher cognition as well as cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia and other mental disorders using behavioral methods and functional neuroimag- ingforover20years. Manuel F. Casanova is the Gottfried and Gisela Kolb Endowed Chair in Psychiatry at the University of Louisville, USA, He spent three years doingafellowshipinneuropathologyattheJohnsHopkinsHospital.At present Dr Casanova has over 200 peer reviewed publications and 70 bookchapters.

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