Brain Development - Normal Processes and the Effects of Alcohol and Nicotine - M. Miller (Oxford, 2006) WW

421 Pages·2006·34.47 MB·English

BRAIN DEVELOPMEN T

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BRAIN DEVELOPMEN T

NORMAL PROCESSES AND
THE EFFECT S O F ALCOHOL
AND NICOTIN E

EDITED BY

Michael W. Miller

OXPORD
UNIVERSITY PRES S
2006

OXPORD
UNIVERSITY PRES S

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Brain development : normal processes and the effect s o f alcohol an d nicotine / edited by Michael W. Miller.
p. ; cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN-13 978-0-19-518313- 9
ISBN 0-19-518313-4
1. Developmenta l toxicology. 2 . Nenrotoxicology . 3
. Alcohol-Toxicology . 4 . Nicotin e —Toxicology.
5. Alcoholis m i n pregnancy—Pathophysiology. 6 . Pregnan t women—Tobacco use —Physiological effect .
[DNLM: 1
. Brain—dru g effects. 2
. Brain—growt h & development. 3
. Ethanol—pharmacology . 4 . Fetus—dru g effects .
5. Neurons-dru g effects. 6
. Nicotin e - pharmacology. WL 300 B8125 2006] I . Miller , Michael W.
RA1224.45.B73 2006
616.8'6471-dc22 200501285
4

1 3 5 7 9 8 6 4 2
Printed in the Unite d States of America
on acid-free paper

Acknowledgments

As such, the present volume is the product of decades
of work by teams of neuroscientists and developmen -
tal biologists . I than k th e name d an d nameles s o f
these dedicate d researcher s wh o hav e reache d m e
through bot h ora l and/o r writte n communications .
This volume builds on the foundation of research de-
scribed i n a boo k publishe d 1 3 year s ago, Develop-
ment of the Central Nervous System, Effects of Alcohol
and Opiates (Miller , 1992). Since that book was pub-
lished, our understanding of the mechanism s under -
lying norma l brai n developmen t an d th e effect s o f
ethanol neurotoxicit y on neura l ontogen y ha s grown
exponentially. Interes t i n th e clinica l proble m o f
nicotine exposure has also increased.
Personally, m y researc h ha s bee n supporte d b y a
host of postdoctoral trainees, graduate and undergrad-
uate students, and technicians . I am greatl y indebted
to them fo r working toward our commo n goa l of un-
derstanding th e intricacie s o f brai n development .
Some o f my current students (Maria Bruns and Juli e
Siegenthaler) an d collaborator s (Sandr a Mooney )

contributed t o the writing of this book. My career has
been consistently an d substantively supported b y the
federal government , notably the Nationa l Institute of
Alcohol Abus e an d Alcoholism an d th e Departmen t
of Veterans Affairs. Without the support of these agen -
cies I would not have been able to study normal an d
abnormal brain development, no r would I have been
able t o meet th e peopl e wh o wrot e chapter s fo r this
volume. These people hav e brought considerabl e ex-
pertise and keen insights to their contributions of out-
standing chapters .
The dua l sculptors, nature and nurture, have bee n
essential factor s in my development as a scientist. M y
fascination wit h science—ho w thing s wor k and ho w
they fail—wa s fostere d b y m y parent s an d th e post -
Sputnik America n culture . I t i s m y grea t hop e tha t
children of all ages, boys and girls, retain their wonder
as to why things are as they are. This sense of marvel
should b e celebrate d an d hel d i n awe by society. My
candle was stoked by high school and college teachers
(including Willia m Harri s and Willia m Tully , an d

vi ACKNOWLEDGMENT S

Edward Hodgson an d Edwar d Maly, respectively), re- Finally
, I would lik e to thank my family , m y wif e
search mentor s (includin g Pedro Pasi k and Ala n Pe - an
d thre e children , fo r their continue d suppor t an d
ters), and collaborators (notably Richard Nowakowski goo
d humor . The y ar e m y sustenance , grounding ,
and Rober t Rhoades). They encouraged m e t o think an
d reason for being,
broadly and not to be confined by dogma o r methods.

Contents

List of Abbreviations i
x

Contributors xii
i

1. Model s o f Neurotoxicity Provide Unique
Insight into Normal Development 3
Michael W. Miller

Part I. Norma l Developmen t

2. Cel l Proliferatio n 9
Bernhard So ter
Pradeep G . Bhide

3. Neurona l Migration 2
7
Huaiyu Hu

4. Neurona l Differentiation: From Axons
to Synapses 4 5

C. David Mintz

Iddii H. Bekirov

Tonya R. Anderson

Deanna L. Benson

5. Cel l Death 7
3
Stevens K Rehen

Jerold J.M. Chun

6. Intracellula r Pathways of Neuronal
Death 9
1

Sandra M. Mooney

George I. Henderson

7. Developmenta l Disorder s and
Evolutionary Expectations: Mechanism s
of Resilience 10
4

Barbara L. Finlay

Jeremy C. Yost

Desmond T. Cheung

vii

viii CONTENT
S

Part IL Ethanol-Affecte d Developmen t

8. Prenata l Alcohol Exposure and Huma n
Development 12
3

Claire D. Coles

9. Influenc e of Alcohol on the Structur e of
the Developing Human Brain 14 3

Susanna L, Fryer

Christie L. McGee

Andrea D. Spadoni

Edward P. Riley

10. Prenatal Ethanol Exposure and Feta l
Programming: Implications for Endocrine
and Immune Development an d
Long-Term Healt h 15
3

Joanna H, Sliwowska

Xingqi Zhang

Joanne Weinberg

11. Earl y Exposure to Ethanol Affects th e
Proliferation of Neuronal Precursor s 18
2
Michael W. Miller

12. Effect s o f Ethanol on the Regulatio n of
Cell Cycle in Neural Stem Cells 19 9
W. Michael Zawada

Mita Das

13. Mechanism s of Ethanol-Induced
Alterations in Neuronal Migration 21
6

Julie A. Siegenthaler

Michael W. Miller

14. Effect s o f Ethanol on Mechanism s
Regulating Neuronal Process
Outgrowth 23
0

Tara A. Lindsley

15. Neurona l Survival Is Compromised b y
Ethanol: Extracellular Mediators 24
5
Michael W. Miller

Maria B. Bruns

Paula L. Hoffman

16. Intracellular Events in Ethanol-Induce d
Neuronal Death 26
7

Sandra M. Mooney

Michael W . Miller

George I. Henderson

17. Neural Crest and Developmental Exposur e
to Ethanol 27
9
Susan M. Smith

Katherine A. Debelak-Kragtorp

18. Glial Targets of Developmental Exposur e
to Ethanol 29
5

Consuelo Guerri

Gemma Rubert

Maria Pasqual

Part III. Nicotine-Affecte
d Developmen t

19. Tobacco use During Pregnancy :
Epidemiology and Effects on Offspring 31
5

Jennifer A. Willford

Nancy L . Day

Marie D. Cornelius

20. Prenata l Nicotine Exposur e and Animal
Behavior 32
9

Brenda M. Elliott

Neil E. Grunberg

21. Neurona l Receptors for Nicotine: Functiona l
Diversity and Developmental Change s 34
1
Huibert D. Mansvelder
Loma W. Role

22. Neura l Precursors as Preferential Targets
for Dru g Abuse: Long Term Consequence s
and Latent Susceptibilit y to Central
Nervous System Disorders 36
3

Kurt F. Hauser

Nazira El-Hage

Shreya Buch

Gregory N. Barnes

Henrietta S. Bada

James R. Pauly

23. Nicotini c Receptor Regulatio n of
Developing Catecholamine System s 38 1
Frances M. Leslie

Layla Azam

Kathy Goliardo

Kathryn O'Leary

Ryan Franke
Shahrdad Lotfipour

Index 39
9

List of Abbreviations

5-HT serotoni
n

8-OH-DPAT 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetrali
n

ABCG2 ATP-bindin g cassette protein

otBgTx a-bungarotoxi n

ACh acetylcholin
e

AChE acetylcholinesteras e

ACTH adrenocorticotropi c hormone

ADH alcoho
l dehydrogenase

ADHD attentio n deficit hyperactivity disorder

ADNF activity-dependen t neurotrophic factor

ADNP activity-dependen t neuroprotective protein

ADP adenosin e diphosphate

ADX adrenalectom y

AHP adul t hippocampal progenitor

AIDS acquire
d immunodeficiency syndrome

AI F apoptosi s inducing factor

ALC prenatall y exposed to alcohol, both with and
without dysmorphic features

AMPA a-amino-B-hydroxy-S-methyM-isoxazole -
propionic acid

AMPAR a-amino-3-hydroxy - 5-methyl-4-isoxazole
propionic acid receptor

AP-1 activatin g protein-1

APAF apoptoti c protease activating factor

ARIA acetylcholin e receptor-inducin g protei n

ARND alcohol-relate d neurodevelopmenta l
disorder

ASD atria
l septic defect

ASR acousti c startle reflex

Astn astrotacti
n

ATP adenosin e triphosphate

AVP arginin e vasopressin

BDNF brain-derive d neurotrophic facto r

BEG bloo
d ethanol concentratio n

ix