Brain and Spinal Tumors of Childhood PDF
Preview Brain and Spinal Tumors of Childhood
Brain and Spinal Tumors of Childhood This page intentionally left blank Brain and Spinal Tumors of Childhood Edited by DAVID A. WALKER BMedSci BM BS FRCP FRCPCH Reader and Honorary Consultant in Paediatric Oncology Children’s Brain Tumour Research Centre Division of Child Health, School of Human Development University of Nottingham, Queen’s Medical Centre Nottingham, UK GIORGIO PERILONGO MD Pediatric Oncologist, Neuro-oncology Program Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics University Hospital of Padua, Italy JONATHAN A. G. PUNT MB BS FRCS FRCPCH Formerly Senior Lecturer in Paediatric Neurosurgery and Consultant Paediatric Neurosurgeon Children’s Brain Tumour Research Centre, Nottingham, UK and ROGER E. TAYLOR MA MB BS FRCP(Edin) FRCP FRCR Consultant Clinical (Radiation) Oncologist Department of Clinical Oncology Cookridge Hospital, Leeds, UK A member of the Hodder Headline Group LONDON First published in Great Britain in 2004 by Arnold, a member of the Hodder Headline Group, 338 Euston Road, London NW1 3BH http://www.arnoldpublishers.com Distributed in the United States of America by Oxford University Press Inc., 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY10016 Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press 2004 Arnold All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronically or mechanically, including photocopying, recording or any information storage or retrieval system, without either prior permission in writing from the publisher or a license permitting restricted copying. In the United Kingdom such licenses are issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency: 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP. Whilst the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of going to press, neither the authors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made. In particular (but without limiting the generality of the preceding disclaimer) every effort has been made to check drug dosages; however, it is still possible that errors have been missed. Furthermore, dosage schedules are constantly being revised and new side effects recognized. For these reasons the reader is strongly urged to consult the drug companies’ printed instructions before administering any of the drugs recommended in this book. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress ISBN 0 340 76260 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Commissioning Editor: Joanna Koster Development Editor: Sarah Burrows Project Editor: Zelah Pengilley Production Controller: Lindsay Smith Cover Design: Lee-May Lim Typeset in 10/12 pt Minion by Charon Tec Pvt. Ltd., Chennai, India Printed and bound in the UK by Butler & Tanner Ltd. What do you think about this book? Or any other Arnold title? Please send your comments to Acknowledgments We would like to take this opportunity to thank our University of Nottingham in providing the funding for wives – Gill, Nina, Alessandra and Angie – who have held secretarial support that has helped to bring the book home and family together while we have been advancing together. This book would not have been assembled with- the cause of pediatric neuro-oncology. out the skilled, good-humored and dedicated work of Sue We would like to thank the children and families who Franklin, for whom we have developed a great respect and have encouraged us to promote research through sharing to whom we are extremely grateful. their experiences and through their tangible support Finally, we would like to thank all the outstanding of finance of our national studies groups and research authors who have contributed to the book, without charities. whom this project would never have been possible. We would also like to acknowledge the support of the Children’s Brain Tumour Research Centre at the The editors This page intentionally left blank Contents Acknowledgments v Contributors xi Foreword xv Dedication xvii Abbreviations xviii Color plates appear between Chapters 1 and 2 PART I INTRODUCTION 1 Introduction 3 David A. Walker, Giorgio Perilongo, Jonathan A. G. Punt and Roger E. Taylor 2 Historical basis of neuro-oncology 5 Jonathan A. G. Punt, Giorgio Perilongo, Roger E. Taylor, Cliff Bailey and David A. Walker PART II EPIDEMIOLOGY 3 Epidemiology 35 Charles A. Stiller and W. Archie Bleyer 4a Neuroembryology 50 Paul J. Scotting and Vanessa J. Appleby 4b Tumor biology 67 Michael A. Grotzer 5 Pathology and molecular classification 80 Felice Giangaspero and Otmar D. Wiestler PART III DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT PLANNING 6 Clinical syndromes 99 Jonathan A. G. Punt 7 Diagnostic imaging 107 Timothy Jaspan, with contribution from Paul D. Griffiths 8 Clinical trials 162 Richard Sposto PART IV TREATMENT TECHNIQUES AND NEUROTOXICITIES 9 Neurosurgical techniques 177 Paul D. Chumas and Atul Tyagi viii Contents 10 Radiotherapy techniques 188 Rolf D. Kortmann, Carolyn R. Freeman and Roger E. Taylor With Christine Abercrombie (Anesthesia) and Anne Ingle (Play therapy) 11 Neuropsychological outcome 213 Maureen Dennis, Brenda J. Spiegler, Daria Riva and Daune L. MacGregor 12 Drug delivery 228 Susan M. Blaney, Stacey L. Berg and Alan V. Boddy PART V DISEASE-SPECIFIC MULTIDISCIPLINARY MANAGEMENT 13a Astrocytic tumors, low-grade: general considerations 245 Astrid K. Gnekow, Roger J. Packer and Rolf D. Kortmann 13b Astrocytic tumors, low-grade: treatment considerations by primary site and tumor dissemination 259 Astrid K. Gnekow, Roger J. Packer and Rolf D. Kortmann 14 Astrocytic tumors, high-grade 277 Johannes E. A. Wolff and Pascal Chastagner 15 Brainstem tumors 291 David A. Walker, Jonathan A. G. Punt and Michael Sokal 16 Embryonic tumors 314 Joachin Kühl, François Doz and Roger E. Taylor 17 Ependymal tumors 331 Abhaya V. Kulkarni, Eric Bouffet and James M. Drake 18a Germ-cell tumors of the central nervous system 345 Gabriele Calaminus and Maria Luisa Garré 18b Germ-cell tumors: a commentary 357 Jonathan L. Finlay 19 Infant brain tumors 359 Antony Michalski and Maria Luisa Garré 20 Craniopharyngioma 370 Richard D. Hayward, Catherine DeVile and Michael Brada 21 Intradural spinal tumors 387 Harold L. Rekate and Trimurti D. Nadkarni, with contributions from Astrid K. Gnekow, Roger J. Packer and Rolf D. Kortmann 22 Rare tumors 397 Richard Grundy and Conor Mallucci 23 Exploiting biology for therapeutic gain 417 Richard Gilbertson and Donald M. O’Rourke PART VI LATE CONSEQUENCES AND SUPPORTIVE CARE 24 Toxicity and late effects 433 Helen Spoudeas and Fenella J. Kirkham 25 Physical care, rehabilitation, and complementary therapies 463 Carlos de Sousa, Lindy May and Virginia McGivern 26 Cognitive development and educational rehabilitation 480 Ronald C. Savage, Bradford J. Ross, Sue Walker and Beth Wicks Contents ix 27 Quality of survival 493 Colin Kennedy and Adam Glaser 28 Information needs for children and families 501 Mark L. Greenberg, Darren Hargrave and Jane Bond 29 Future challenges 515 David A. Walker, Giorgio Perilongo, Jonathan A. G. Punt and Roger E. Taylor Index 521
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