Braddom's Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation PDF
Preview Braddom's Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Braddom’s Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation SIXTH EDITION Editor-in-Chief David X. Cifu, MD Associate Dean of Innovation and System Integration Herman J. Flax, MD Professor and Chair, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine Richmond, Virginia; Senior TBI Specialist, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Washington, DC; Principal Investigator Long-term Impact of Military-relevant Brain Injury Consortium - Chronic Effects of Neurotrauma Consortium (LIMBIC-CENC) Central Virginia VA Health Care System/Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, Virginia Associate Editors Blessen C. Eapen, MD Henry L. Lew, MD, PhD, ABPMR, CCC-A Chief, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Professor and Chair VA Greater Los Angeles Health Care System; Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders Associate Clinical Professor John A. Burns School of Medicine Department of Medicine University of Hawai’i at Mānoa Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Honolulu, Hawaii; David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Adjunct Professor Los Angeles, California Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine Jeffery S. Johns, MD Richmond, Virginia Associate Professor Michelle A. Miller, MD Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Assistant Clinical Professor Medical Director Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Vanderbilt Stallworth Rehabilitation Hospital The Ohio State University; Nashville, Tennessee Section Chief Pediatric Physical Medicine Karen Kowalske, MD Nationwide Children’s Hospital Columbus, Ohio Professor Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Gregory Worsowicz, MD, MBA University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas, Texas Professor of Clinical Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation University of Missouri Columbia, Missouri Elsevier 1600 John F. Kennedy Blvd. Ste 1800 Philadelphia, PA 19103-2899 BRADDOM’S PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION, SIXTH EDITION ISBN: 978-0-323-62539-5 Copyright © 2021 by Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions. This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein). Notice Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds or experiments described herein. Because of rapid advances in the medical sciences, in particular, independent verification of diagnoses and drug dosages should be made. To the fullest extent of the law, no responsibility is assumed by Elsevier, authors, editors or contributors for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein. Previous editions copyrighted 2016, 2011, 2007, 2000, and 1996. International Standard Book Number: 978-0-323-62539-5 Content Strategist: Humayra R. Khan Senior Content Development Specialist: Ann Ruzycka Anderson Publishing Services Manager: Catherine Jackson Health Content Management Specialist: Kristine Feeherty Design Direction: Ryan Cook Printed in China Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 This book is dedicated to my parents, John and Rosa, who made me all that I am; my children, Brie and Belle, who remind me to look to the horizon; and to my love, Hilary, who makes it all worthwhile. A special thank you to Randy Braddom for the legacy that started this textbook and for his ongoing support. Thank you to my amazingly supportive colleagues, staff, and trainees all across Virginia Commonwealth University, including in the School of Medicine and the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, for their mentorship, their friendship, and the time to complete this project. Thank you to the wonderful members of the Office of Rehabilitation and Prosthetic Services in the U.S Department of Veterans Affairs for all they do for America’s Veterans and Service Members and for allowing me the time to complete this project. Thank you to the thousands of patients and their family members who allowed me to participate in their care over the years; you have taught me so much. Thank you to my family, friends, and other loved ones for your ongoing support that allows me to pursue my work and career. v Contributors Denise M. Ambrosi, MS, CCC-SLP W. David Arnold, MD Director of Accreditation Associate Professor Quality and Compliance Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital; Neuromuscular Division Assistant Professor Department of Neurology Communication Sciences and Disorders Physiology and Cell Biology MGH Institute of Health Professions Neuroscience Charlestown, Massachusetts The Ohio State University 3 Rehabilitation of Swallowing Disorders Columbus, Ohio 40 Motor Neuron Diseases Michael Andary, MD, MS Professor Arash Asher, MD Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Director, Cancer Survivorship and Rehabilitation Michigan State University College of Osteopathic Medicine; Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute Residency Director, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Sparrow Hospital Los Angeles, California East Lansing, Michigan 29 Cancer Rehabilitation 8 Electrodiagnostic Medicine James W. Atchison, DO Karen L. Andrews, MD Chair Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Mayo Clinic Mayo Clinic Florida Rochester, Minnesota Jacksonville, Florida 24 Prevention and Management of Chronic Wounds 16 Manipulation, Traction, and Massage 25 Vascular Diseases Rita Ayyangar, MBBS Thiru M. Annaswamy, MD, MA Associate Professor Professor Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation University of Michigan University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; Ann Arbor, Michigan Section Chief, Spine and Electrodiagnostic Sections 48 Myelomeningocele and Other Spinal Dysraphisms Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Service VA North Texas Health Care System Kim D.D. Barker, MD Dallas, Texas Associate Professor 7 Quality and Outcome Measures for Medical Rehabilitation Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 17 Physical Agent Modalities University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas, Texas Dixie Aragaki, MD 1 The Physiatric History and Physical Examination Professor Department of Medicine Touré Barksdale, MD Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Mayo Clinic/Mayo Clinic Health System David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Program Director Mayo Clinic Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Residency Mankato, Minnesota VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System 29 Cancer Rehabilitation Los Angeles, California 6 Occupational Medicine and Vocational Rehabilitation vi Contributors vii Karen P. Barr, MD Mary Caldwell, DO Associate Professor Assistant Professor Chief, Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Sports Medicine/Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department of Orthopaedics VCU Health West Virginia University Richmond, Virginia Morgantown, West Virginia 36 Lower Limb Pain and Dysfunction 33 Low Back Disorders William Carne, PhD Matthew N. Bartels, MD, MPH Associate Professor Professor and Chairman of Rehabilitation Medicine Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Virginia Commonwealth University Chairman, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Richmond, Virginia Montefiore Medical Center 45 Degenerative Movement Disorders of the Central Nervous System The Bronx, New York 27 Acute Medical Conditions: Cardiopulmonary Disease, Priya Chandan, MD, MPH Medical Frailty, and Renal Failure Assistant Professor Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Stacey A. Bennis, MD University of Louisville Assistant Professor Louisville, Kentucky Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation 45 Degenerative Movement Disorders of the Central Nervous System Obstetrics and Gynecology Loyola University Medical Center Shih-Ching Chen, MD, PhD Maywood, Illinois Professor 38 Pelvic Floor Disorders Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Director Theresa F. Berner, OTR/L, ATP Research Center of Rehabilitation Engineering and Assistive Rehabilitation Clinical Manager Technology Occupational Therapist Taipei Medical University The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Taipei, Taiwan Columbus, Ohio 19 Assistive Technology and Environmental Control Devices 14 Wheelchairs and Seating Systems Wen-Shiang Chen, MD, PhD Cathy Bodine, PhD, CCC-SLP Professor Associate Professor Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Bioengineering College of Medicine University of Colorado National Taiwan University; Denver, Colorado Director 19 Assistive Technology and Environmental Control Devices Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation National Taiwan University Hospital Jaclyn Bonder, MD Taipei, Taiwan Assistant Professor 17 Physical Agent Modalities Rehabilitation Medicine Weill Cornell Medical College Andrea Cheville, MD, MDCE New York, New York Professor 38 Pelvic Floor Disorders Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Director of Lymphedema and Cancer Rehabilitation Services Angeline Bowman, MD Mayo Clinic Assistant Professor Rochester, Minnesota Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 29 Cancer Rehabilitation University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan Li-Wei Chou, MD, PhD 48 Myelomeningocele and Other Spinal Dysraphisms Director and Professor Physical Therapy and Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science Thomas N. Bryce, MD China Medical University; Professor Chairman Rehabilitation and Human Performance Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Asia University Hospital; New York, New York Attending Physician 49 Spinal Cord Injury Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation China Medical University Hospital Taichung, Taiwan 17 Physical Agent Modalities viii Contributors Jeffrey M. Cohen, MD Katherine Louise Dec, MD Clinical Professor Professor Rehabilitation Medicine Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation NYU School of Medicine; Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine; Medical Director, Medically Complex Rehabilitation Professor Rusk Rehabilitation Orthopaedic Surgery NYU Langone Health Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine; New York, New York Past President 28 Chronic Medical Conditions: Pulmonary Disease, Organ American Medical Society for Sports Medicine; Transplantation, and Diabetes Director, Sports Medicine and Performance Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Rory A. Cooper, PhD Virginia Commonwealth University Health Systems Director Richmond, Virginia Human Engineering Research Laboratories 36 Lower Limb Pain and Dysfunction VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System; Associate Dean for Inclusion Andrew Cullen Dennison, Sr., MD SHRS and FISA/Paralyzed Veterans of America Distinguished Adjunct Assistant Professor Professor Rehabilitation Medicine School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Emory University; University of Pittsburgh Medical Director of Acquired Brain Injury Rehabilitation Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Shepherd Center 14 Wheelchairs and Seating Systems Atlanta, Georgia 44 Stroke Rehabilitation Rosemarie Cooper, MPT/ATP Assistant Professor Michael J. DePalma, MD Department of Rehabilitation Science and Technology President and Medical Director University of Pittsburgh; Virginia iSpine Physicians, PC; Director, Center for Assistive Technology Director University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Interventional Spine Care Fellowship Program Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Virginia iSpine Physicians, PC; 14 Wheelchairs and Seating Systems Director of Research Virginia Spine Research Institute, Inc. Anita Craig, DO Richmond, Virginia Assistant Professor 32 Common Neck Problems Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation University of Michigan Kelly M. Derby, MS, APRN, CNS Ann Arbor, Michigan Clinical Nurse Specialist 41 Neuropathies Department of Nursing Mayo Clinic Edan A. Critchfield, PsyD, ABPP Rochester, Minnesota Clinical Neuropsychologist 24 Prevention and Management of Chronic Wounds Psychology South Texas Veterans Healthcare System Carmen P. DiGiovine, PhD, ATP/SMS, RET San Antonio, Texas Clinical Associate Professor 4 Psychological Assessment and Intervention in Rehabilitation Director of Rehabilitation Science and Technology Assistive Technology Center Deepthi S. Cull, MD, CPE, FAAPM&R The Ohio State University Encompass Health Deaconess Rehabilitation Hospital Columbus, Ohio Newburgh, Indiana 14 Wheelchairs and Seating Systems 7 Quality and Outcome Measures for Medical Rehabilitation Timothy Dillingham, MD, MS Aaron Danison, DO Professor and Chairman Physician Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Neurosurgery The University of Pennsylvania Vidant Medical Center Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Greenville, North Carolina 8 Electrodiagnostic Medicine 13 Spinal Orthoses Carole Dodge, OTRL, CHT Arthur J. De Luigi, DO, MHSA Allied Health Supervisor Chair Occupational Therapy Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Michigan Medicine Mayo Clinic Arizona University of Michigan Scottsdale, Arizona Ann Arbor, Michigan 39 Sports Medicine and Adaptive Sports 11 Upper Limb Orthotic Devices Contributors ix David F. Drake, MD Jonathan Finnoff, DO, FACSM, FAMSSM Associate Professor Professor Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Virginia Commonwealth University; Mayo Clinic Director, Interventional and Integrative Pain Medicine Rochester, Minnesota; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Service Chief Medical Officer Central Virginia VA Healthcare System United States Olympic and Paralympic Committee Richmond, Virginia Colorado Springs, Colorado 18 Integrative Medicine in Rehabilitation 35 Upper Limb Pain and Dysfunction Daniel Dumitru, MD, PhD Gerard E. Francisco, MD Professor Professor and Chair Rehabilitation Medicine Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation University of Texas Health Science Center University of Texas Health Science (UTHealth) McGovern San Antonio, Texas Medical School 8 Electrodiagnostic Medicine Houston, Texas 23 Spasticity Jason Edinger, DO Assistant Professor Kevin Franzese, DO Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Assistant Professor University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh 43 Traumatic Brain Injury University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Miguel X. Escalon, MD, MPH 43 Traumatic Brain Injury Associate Professor Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Vincent Gabriel, MSc, MD, FRCPC Icahn School of Medicine Clinical Associate Professor New York, New York Clinical Neurosciences, Pediatrics, and Surgery 49 Spinal Cord Injury University of Calgary Calgary, Alberta, Canada Reuben Escorpizo, PT, DPT, MSc 26 Burns Clinical Associate Professor Doctor of Physical Therapy Program Gary N. Galang, MD Department of Rehabilitation and Movement Science Director of TBI Services The University of Vermont Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Burlington, Vermont; University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Adjunct Research Scientist Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Swiss Paraplegic Research 43 Traumatic Brain Injury Nottwil, Switzerland 6 Occupational Medicine and Vocational Rehabilitation Justin J. Gasper, DO St. Louis, Missouri James E. Eubanks, MD, DC, MS 32 Common Neck Problems Resident Physician Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Lance L. Goetz, MD University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Associate Professor Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 16 Manipulation, Traction, and Massage Virginia Commonwealth University; Staff Physician Gabriel Sunn Felsen, MD, FAAPMR Spinal Cord Injury and Disorders Associate Professor of Rehabilitation Medicine Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center University of Miami; Richmond, Virginia Spinal Cord Injury and Wound Rehabilitation Physician 20 Neurogenic Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction Miami VA Healthcare System Miami, Florida James W. Hall III, PhD 13 Spinal Orthoses Professor Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders University of Hawaii Honolulu, Hawaii; Professor Osborne College of Audiology Salus University Elkins Park, Pennsylvania 50 Auditory, Vestibular, and Visual Impairments x Contributors R. Norman Harden, MD Lin-Fen Hsieh, Doctor of Medicine Senior Associate Editor, Pain Medicine Adjunct Professor Addison Chair in Pain Studies School of Medicine Professor Fu Jen Catholic University Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movements Attending Physician (Former Director) Sciences Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Northwestern University Shin Kong Wo Ho-Su Memorial Hospital Chicago, Illinois Taipei, Taiwan 37 Chronic Pain 31 Rheumatologic Rehabilitation Mark A. Harrast, MD Wei-Li Hsu, PT, PhD Clinical Professor Associate Professor Departments of Rehabilitation Medicine, Orthopaedics, and School and Graduate Institute of Physical Therapy Sports Medicine National Taiwan University; University of Washington School of Medicine; Physical Therapist Medical Director Physical Therapy Center Sports Medicine Center at Husky Stadium; National Taiwan University Hospital Program Director Taipei, Taiwan Sports Medicine Fellowship 31 Rheumatologic Rehabilitation University of Washington School of Medicine; Medical Director Vincent Huang, MD Seattle Marathon Assistant Professor Seattle, Washington Department of Rehabilitation and Human Performance 39 Sports Medicine and Adaptive Sports Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York, New York Julie A. Hastings, MD 49 Spinal Cord Injury Assistant Professor Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Elizabeth Huntoon, MS, MD Creighton University School of Medicine - Phoenix Campus; Associate Professor Assistant Clinical Professor Program Director Pain Medicine Fellowship Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation University of Arizona College of Medicine Virginia Commonwealth University Phoenix, Arizona Richmond, Virginia 22 Sexual Dysfunction and Disability 36 Lower Limb Pain and Dysfunction Radha Holavanahalli, PhD Sarah K. Hwang, MD Professor Assistant Professor Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Shirley Ryan AbilityLab; Dallas, Texas Assistant Professor 26 Burns Obstetrics and Gynecology Northwestern University Amy Houtrow, MD, PhD, MPH Chicago, Illinois Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and Pediatrics 38 Pelvic Floor Disorders University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Shoji Ishigami, MD, PhD 7 Quality and Outcome Measures for Medical Rehabilitation Assistant Professor Interventional Spine Clinic David Hryvniak, DO Department of Neurosurgery Assistant Professor West Virginia University School of Medicine Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation WVU Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute University of Virginia; Martinsburg, West Virginia Team Physician 32 Common Neck Problems University of Virginia Athletics Charlottesville, Virginia; Therese M. Jacobson, DNP, APRN, CNS, CWOCN Team Physician Nursing Quality Specialist James Madison University Athletics Nursing Harrisonburg, Virginia Mayo Clinic 15 Therapeutic Exercise Rochester, Minnesota 24 Prevention and Management of Chronic Wounds
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