Braddock's Defeat: The Battle of the Monongahela and the Road to Revolution PDF
Preview Braddock's Defeat: The Battle of the Monongahela and the Road to Revolution
Braddock’s Defeat Pivotal Moments in American History series editors David Hackett Fischer James M. McPherson David Greenberg James T. Patterson Howard Jones Brown v. Board of Education: A Civil Rights The Bay of Pigs Milestone and Its Troubled Legacy Lynn Parsons Maury Klein The Birth of Modern Politics: Andrew Jackson, Rainbow’s End: The Crash of 1929 John Quincy Adams, and the Election of 1828 James McPherson Elliott West Crossroads of Freedom: The Battle of Antietam The Last Indian War: The Nez Perce Story Glenn C. Altschuler Glenn C. Altschuler & Stuart M. Blumin All Shook Up: How Rock ’n’ Roll Changed The GI Bill: A New Deal for Veterans America Richard Archer David Hackett Fischer As If an Enemy’s Country: The British Washington’s Crossing Occupation of Boston and the Origins of Revolution John Ferling Adams vs. Jefferson: The Tumultuous Election Thomas Kessner of 1800 The Flight of the Century: Charles Lindbergh and the Rise of American Aviation Joel H. Silbey Storm over Texas: The Annexation Controversy Craig L. Symonds and the Road to Civil War The Battle of Midway Raymond Arsenault Richard Moe Freedom Riders: 1961 and the Struggle for Roosevelt’s Second Act: The Election of 1940 and Racial Justice the Politics of War Colin G. Calloway Emerson W. Baker The Scratch of a Pen: 1763 and the A Storm of Witchcraft: The Salem Trials and the Transformation of North America American Experience Richard Labunski Louis P. Masur James Madison and the Struggle for the Bill of Lincoln’s Last Speech: Wartime Reconstruction Rights and the Crisis of Reunion Sally G. McMillen Seneca Falls and the Origins of the Women’s Rights Movement Braddock’s Defeat THE BATTLE OF THE MONONGAHELA AND THE ROAD TO REVOLUTION David L. Preston 1 1 Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offices in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and certain other countries. Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016 © David L. Preston 2015 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by license, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reproduction rights organization. Inquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above. You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Preston, David L. (David Lee), 1972- Braddock’s Defeat : the Battle of the Monongahela and the road to revolution / David L. Preston. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-19-984532-3 1. Monongahela, Battle of the, Pa., 1755. 2. Braddock’s Campaign, 1775. 3. United States—History—Revolution, 1775–1783--Causes. I. Title. E199.P94 2015 973.3'31—dc23 2014038584 1 3 5 7 9 8 6 4 2 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper dedicated to the memory of Captain Ryan Preston Hall (1981–2012) United States Air Force Citadel Class of 2004 Lieutenant Sean Christopher Snyder (1974–2014) United States Navy Citadel Class of 2005 Sergeant Aaron Xavier Whitman (1984–2013) United States Army Citadel Class of 2007 CONTENTS List of Maps ix List of Illustrations xi Editor’s Note xv introduction: Remembering Braddock’s Defeat 1 chapter 1: Paths to the Monongahela 11 chapter 2: Braddock Americanus 43 chapter 3: Confrontations 73 chapter 4: Beaujeu’s Voyage 127 chapter 5: Braddock’s March 165 chapter 6: The Battle of the Monongahela 217 chapter 7: Consequences 269 epilogue: Legacies of the Monongahela 323 Acknowledgments 333 appendices appendix a: Order of Battle, Braddock’s Defeat, July 9, 1755 337 appendix b: British Officers at Braddock’s Defeat 341 appendix c: French Officers and Cadets at the Battle of the Monongahela 345 appendix d: Casualties at Braddock’s Defeat 347 appendix e: An Ohio Iroquois Warrior’s Account of the Jumonville Affair, 1754 351 appendix f: French Account of Beaujeu at the Monongahela 355 vii viii Contents appendix g: Midshipman Thomas Gill, Royal Navy: Author of the “Seaman’s Journal” 357 appendix h: Historic Sites Relating to Braddock’s Expedition 359 Abbreviations 361 Notes 363 Bibliography 423 Index 435 MAPS 1. The Struggle for the Ohio Valley, 1753–1754 13 2. The Royal Navy in Braddock’s Expedition 66 3. Braddock’s March through Maryland and Virginia to Fort Cumberland 88 4. Captain Beaujeu’s Voyage 133 5. Braddock’s Road: Fort Cumberland to the Monongahela 167 6. Braddock’s Projected Advance on Fort Duquesne 227 7. Battle of the Monongahela: Beaujeu’s Attack 236 8. Battle of the Monongahela: The British Collapse 242 9. Battle of the Monongahela: The Final Indian Attack 258 10. After the Monongahela: Major Campaigns of the French and Indian War 296 ix
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