Bovine Reproduction

1215 Pages·2021·57.148 MB·English

by  Richard M. Hopper (editor)

Bovine Reproduction
“Let our cattle bear, without mishap and without loss”
Psalms 144:14, New American Standard Bible
Bovine Reproduction
Second Edition
Edited by
Richard M. Hopper, DVM, Diplomat ACT
Department of Clinical Sciences
College of Veterinary Medicine
Auburn University
Auburn, AL, USA
This edition first published 2021
© 2021 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Edition History
© 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Hopper, Richard M., 1954– editor.
Title: Bovine reproduction / [edited by] Richard M. Hopper.
Description: 2nd edition. | Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell, 2021. | Includes
bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2020054589 (print) | LCCN 2020054590 (ebook) | ISBN
9781119602361 (cloth) | ISBN 9781119602453 (adobe pdf) | ISBN
9781119602460 (epub)
Subjects: MESH: Cattle–physiology | Reproduction | Reproductive
Medicine–methods | Reproductive Techniques–veterinary | Pregnancy
Complications–veterinary
Classification: LCC SF768.2.C3 (print) | LCC SF768.2.C3 (ebook) | NLM SF
768.2.C3 | DDC 636.2/1–dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020054589
LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020054590
Cover Design: Wiley
Cover Image: © Richard M. Hopper; © Colin Palmer
Set in 9.5/12.5pt STIXTwoText by SPi Global, Pondicherry, India
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
To Donna – a wonderful and patient wife who, while not completely sharing my love for cows,
nevertheless became skilled at watching expectant heifers from the kitchen window with
binoculars and herding escaped yearling bulls from the front yard.
vii
Contents
List of Contributors xiii
Preface and Acknowledgments to the Second Edition xxiii
Preface and Acknowledgments to the First Edition xxiv
About the Companion Website xxv
Section I: The Bull 1
Anatomy and Physiology 3
1 Anatomy of the Reproductive System of the Bull 5
Ben Nabors
2 Endocrine and Exocrine Function of the Bovine Testes 11
Peter L. Ryan and Federico G. Hoffmann
3 Spermatogenesis 32
Muhammad Salman Waqas
4 Thermoregulation of the Testes 40
John P. Kastelic and Guilherme Rizzoto
5 Endocrine Control of Testicular Development and Initiation of Spermatogenesis in Bulls 47
Leonardo F.C. Brito
6 Sexual Development and Puberty in Bulls 58
Leonardo F.C. Brito
Breeding and Health Management 79
7 Breeding Soundness Evaluation: Comparative Review of Different Standards 81
Scott T. Norman
8 Evaluation of Breeding Soundness: The Physical Examination 98
Mike Thompson and James Alexander
9 Evaluation of Breeding Soundness: The Spermiogram 102
Colin W. Palmer
10 Ultrasound Examination of the Reproductive Tract 120
Harry Momont, Mary Keeler, and Michael Nicholson
viii Contents
11 Management of Breeding Bull Batteries 130
E. Heath King
12 Management of Bulls at Custom Collection Studs 137
Gary Warner
13 Testicular Degeneration 144
Albert Barth and John P. Kastelic
14 Vesicular Adenitis 151
Mike Thompson
15 Inability to Breed Due to Injury or Abnormality of the External Genitalia of Bulls 155
Herris Maxwell
16 Management of Lameness in Breeding Bulls 173
Gary Warner and Jacob Warner
Reproductive Surgery 191
17 Regional Anesthesia for Urogenital Procedures 193
Darcie R. Sidelinger
18 Surgery of the Scrotum and its Contents 200
E. Heath King
19 Restorative Surgery of the Prepuce and Penis 210
Richard M. Hopper and Dwight F. Wolfe
20 Management of Urolithiasis 230
Gretchen Grissett
21 Preparation of Teaser Bulls 242
Gretchen Grissett
Section II: The Cow 249
Anatomy and Physiology 251
22 Anatomy of the Reproductive System of the Cow 253
Ben Nabors
23 Initiation of Puberty in Heifers 258
Charles T. Estill
24 Neuroendocrine Control of Estrus and Ovulation 269
Gary L. Williams and Rodolfo C. Cardoso
25 Ovarian Follicular and Luteal Dynamics in Cattle 292
Gregg P. Adams and Jaswant Singh
26 Maternal Recognition and Physiology of Pregnancy 324
Caleb O. Lemley, Leticia E. Camacho, and Kimberly A. Vonnahme
27 Fetal Programming 339
Caleb O. Lemley, Brittni P. Littlejohn, and Derris D. Burnett
Contents ix
Breeding and Health Management 347
28 Biosecurity for Beef and Dairy Herds 349
Carla L. Huston
29 Beef Heifer Development 359
Megan S. Hindman and Terry J. Engelken
30 Dairy Heifer Development from Weaning to Calving 366
Ricardo M. Stockler
31 Nutrition and Reproduction in the Beef Cow 372
KC Olson, Eric Bailey, Zachary Duncan, and William Swecker
32 Interaction of Nutrition and Reproduction in the Dairy Cow 389
Butch Cargile and Dan Tracy
33 Cystic Ovarian Follicles 399
Jack D. Smith
34 Postpartum Anestrus and Its Management in Dairy Cattle 408
Divakar J. Ambrose
35 Estrus Detection 431
Roberto A. Palomares
36 Artificial Insemination 447
Ram Kasimanickam
37 Pharmacological Intervention of Estrous Cycles 458
Ram Kasimanickam
38 Examination for Pregnancy: Rectal Palpation 471
David Christiansen
39 Examination for Pregnancy: Biochemical Tests 479
Amanda Cain Dempsey
40 Ultrasound Evaluation of the Female Reproductive Tract 486
Jill Colloton
41 Beef Herd Health for Optimal Reproduction 509
Terry J. Engelken and Tyler M. Dohlman
42 Dairy Herd Health for Optimal Reproduction 517
Joseph J. Klopfenstein
43 Herd Diagnostic Testing Strategies 526
Robert L. Larson
44 Breeding Season Evaluation of Beef Herds 532
Terry J. Engelken
x Contents
45 Dairy Herd Record Analysis 538
Robert Lynch
46 Marketing the Bovine Reproductive Practice: Devising a Plan or Tolerating a System 554
John L. Myers
Obstetrics and Reproductive Surgery 561
47 Management of Vaginal, Cervico-Vaginal, and Uterine Prolapse 563
Augustine T. Peter and E. Heath King
48 Induction of Parturition and Abortion 579
Jennifer H. Koziol
49 Management to Prevent Dystocia 590
Yatta Linhares Boakari and Hossam El-Sheikh Ali
50 Dystocia and Accidents of Gestation 597
Herris Maxwell
51 Obstetrics: Mutation, Forced Extraction, and Fetotomy 608
Kevin Walters
52 Obstetrics: Cesarean Section 619
Cathleen Mochal-King
53 Retained Fetal Membranes 629
Augustine T. Peter
54 Postpartum Uterine Infection 639
Dinesh Dadarwal and Colin Palmer
55 Surgery to Restore Fertility 655
Richard M. Hopper
Pregnancy Wastage 665
56 Fetal Disease and Abortion: Diagnosis and Causes 667
Wes Baumgartner
57 Infectious Agents: Campylobacter 717
Jessica B. Rush and Misty A. Edmondson
58 Infectious Agents: Tritrichomonas 725
Katelyn Waters and Julie Gard
59 Infectious Agents: Leptospirosis 733
W. Isaac Jumper
60 Infectious Agents: Brucellosis 742
Valerie E. Ragan