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OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,12/11/2014,SPi Bound Bound Essays on Free Will and Responsibility Shaun Nichols 1 3 GreatClarendonStreet,Oxford,OX26DP, UnitedKingdom OxfordUniversityPressisadepartmentoftheUniversityofOxford. ItfurtherstheUniversity’sobjectiveofexcellenceinresearch,scholarship, andeducationbypublishingworldwide.Oxfordisaregisteredtrademarkof OxfordUniversityPressintheUKandincertainothercountries #inthisvolumeShaunNichols2015 Themoralrightsoftheauthorhavebeenasserted FirstEditionpublishedin2015 Impression:1 Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedin aretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,withoutthe priorpermissioninwritingofOxfordUniversityPress,orasexpresslypermitted bylaw,bylicence,orundertermsagreedwiththeappropriatereprographics rightsorganization.Enquiriesconcerningreproductionoutsidethescopeofthe aboveshouldbesenttotheRightsDepartment,OxfordUniversityPress,atthe addressabove Youmustnotcirculatethisworkinanyotherform andyoumustimposethissameconditiononanyacquirer PublishedintheUnitedStatesofAmericabyOxfordUniversityPress 198MadisonAvenue,NewYork,NY10016,UnitedStatesofAmerica BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData Dataavailable LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2014941106 ISBN 978–0–19–929184–7 PrintedinGreatBritainby CPIGroup(UK)Ltd,Croydon,CR04YY To Heather Acknowledgments Thisbookhasbeeninprogressforoveradecade,andI’veaccumulateda lotof intellectual debtover theyears. Forhelpfulcomments on various chapters, I’d like to thank Matt Bedke, James Beebee, Mike Bishop, Gunnar Bjornsson, Bruce Bowers, Pascal Boyer, David Brink, Susan Brower-Toland,SarahBuss,JoeCampbell,GreggCaruso,RandyClarke, Juan Comesaña, Jonathan Dancy, Colin Dawson, Oisin Deery, Alison Denham, Steve Downes, Julia Driver, Ian Evans, Brian Fiala, Trisha Folds-Bennett, Jerry Gaus, Michael Gill, Todd Grantham, John Greco, JoshGreene,JohnHeil,TedHonderich,RachanaKamtekar,JoshKnobe, Benji Kozuch, Larry Krasnoff, Uriah Kriegel, Victor Kumar, Trevor Kvaran,HeidiMaibom,BertramMalle, RonMallon,Eric Mandelbaum, Kelby Mason, Michael McKenna, Al Mele, John Mikhail, Thomas Na- delhoffer, Eddy Nahmias, Dana Nelkin, Lex Newman, Tim O’Connor, ÁngelPinillos,JessePrinz,PeterRailton,HenryRichardson,PhilipRob- bins,DavidRose,AdinaRoskies,EricSchwitzgebel,OliverSensen,David Shoemaker,PauloSousa,DanSperber,SteveStich,FolkeTersman,Han- nahTierney,MikeValdman,JonathanWeinberg,andDavidYokum. A few more specific acknowledgments are due. I’m indebted to MichaelMcKennaforseveraldiscussionsonthecontemporaryliterature on free will. I’m positive that I’ve failed to respect the subtleties of that complex literature, but thanks to Michael, there are fewer egregious oversights and errors. Josh Knobe has been a wonderful conversant and occasional co-conspirator on these topics for nearly a decade. Josh has been willing to discuss every idea I’ve concocted—no matter how outlandish—and provided excellent philosophical advice on each occa- sion.TerryHorgan,NeilLevy,DominicMurphy,CarolinaSartorio,and Mark Timmons all kindly read the entire manuscript and provided valuablecomments. I’mgratefultoPeterMomtchiloffbothforhispatiencewiththebook andforhisselectionofreferees—DerkPereboomandTamlerSommers. I couldn’t have asked for a better pair of referees. Tamler’s relentless focusonbigphilosophicalquestionsandhisattentiontowriterlyissues ledtoanumberofchanges.AndDerk’sLivingwithoutFreeWillisoneof viii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS myfavoritebooksonfreewill,soIwasdelightedtogethisadviceonthe manuscript. MygreatestdebtsaretoJohnDorisandManuelVargas.Manuelread multiple drafts of the manuscript and provided copious helpful com- mentseachtime.MyownviewonfreewillisclosetoManuel’sview,soit was enormously helpful to get this feedback. John also read and com- mentedonmultipledraftsofthemanuscript.Inaddition,Johnendured hoursonthephonediscussingeverythingfromthenaturalisticfallacyto hierarchical theories of agency. These invigorating discussions led to numerousimprovementsinthebook. Someportionsofthebookaredrawnfrompreviouslypublishedwork. I am grateful to the publishers for permission to use material from the followingarticles: “Folk Intuitions about Free Will,” Journal of Cognition and Culture, 6(2006),57–86. “After Incompatibilism: A Naturalistic Defense of the Reactive Atti- tudes,”PhilosophicalPerspectives,21(2007),405–28. “HowCanPsychologyContributetotheFreeWillDebate?”InJ.Baer, J. Kaufman, and R. Baumeister (eds), Are We Free? New York: Oxford UniversityPress,2008. “The Indeterminist Intuition: Source and Status,” The Monist, 95 (2012),290–307. “Brute Retributivism.”InT.Nadelhoffer (ed.), TheFutureofPunish- ment.NewYork:OxfordUniversityPress,2013. “FreeWillandError.”InG.Caruso(ed.),ExploringtheIllusionofFree WillandMoralResponsibility.Lanham,MD:LexingtonBooks,2013. “ProcessDebunkingandEthics,”Ethics,124(2014),727–49. Contents Introduction 1 Part I. Agency 1. TheFolkPsychologyofAgency 17 2. TheIndeterministIntuition:SourceandStatus 34 3. FreeWillandError 54 Part II. Moral Responsibility 4. Incompatibilism:IntuitiveandIsolated 75 5. DebunkingArguments 97 6. BruteRetributivism 119 7. AfterIncompatibilism 141 References 167 Index 185
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