Boudica: Iron Age Warrior Queen

320 Pages·2005·14.68 MB·English

by  Richard Hingley

BOUDICA
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Boudica
Iron Age Warrior Queen
Richard Hingley and Christina Unwin
hambledon
continuum
Hambledon Continuum
The Tower Building
11 York Road
London, SE1 7NX
80 Maiden Lane
Suite 704
New York, NY 10038
First Published 2005 in hardback
This edition published 2006
ISBN 1 85285 438 3 (hardback)
ISBN 1 85285 516 9 (paperback)
Copyright © Richard Hingley and Christina Unwin, 2005
The moral rights of the author have been asserted.
All rights reserved.
Without limiting the rights under copyrights
reserved above, no part of this publication may be
reproduced, stored or introduced into a retrieval system,
or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, recording or otherwise), without the prior
written permission of both the copyright owner and
the above publisher of the book.
A description of this book is available from the
British Library and from the Library of Congress.
Typeset by Carnegie Publishing, Lancaster,
and printed in Great Britain by MPG Books, Cornwall.
Contents
Illustrations vii
Acknowledgements xi
Introduction xiii
PART ONE: BOUDICA
1 Iron Age and Roman Britain 3
2 The Classical Sources 41
3 The Archaeological Evidence 63
PART TWO! BOADICEA
4 Finding Boadicea 111
5 Subordination 129
6 Imperial Icon 147
7 In the Modern World 173
8 A Woman of Many Faces 205
Notes 223
References 251
Index 267
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Illustrations
Plates
Between pages 142 and 143
1 Bunduca, from Heywood's Exemplary Lives of 1640
2 Boadicia, by William Fairthorne, from Aylett Sammes's
Britannia Antiqua Illustrata of 1676
3 'Mrs Powell as Boadicea' in Richard Glover's play of 1753
4 'Boadicea in her Chariot'. The frontispiece to volume i
of Tobias Smollett's A Complete History of England of 1758,
by Charles Grignon, after Francis Hayman
5 'Will you follow me, men?' Illustration of Boadicea by
A. S. Frost. From Our Island Story by H. E. Marshall (1905)
6 Miss Elizabeth Kirby as Boadicea in a 1909 production
of Cicely Hamilton's A Pageant of Great Women
7 An image of Boadicea in stained glass, from a window in
Colchester Town Hall, dating to around 1901-2
8 Thomas Thornycroft's statue Boadicea and her Daughters,
erected in 1902
VIII BOUDICA
Text Illustrations
1 A map of the Roman Empire in AD 60, showing places
outside Britain connected with the story of Boudica xii
2 A map of Britain, showing places connected with the story
of Boudica xv
3 An Iron Age roundhouse from West Stow in Suffolk, with
a cut-away section to show the construction and interior 5
4 The Iron Age hillfort at Maiden Castle in Dorset 6
5 Roman imperial expansion 9
6 Late Iron Age coinages 10
7 The Iron Age tribes of Britain 13
8 Late Iron Age Camulodunon 14
9 Early Roman Camulodunum 20
10 The fortress at Camulodunum 21
11 Early Roman Britain and the rulers friendly to the Romans 22
12 A selection of coins of the Iceni 28
13 Distribution of the coins of the Iceni 29
14 The Iron Age settlement at Harford Farm,
Caistor St Edmund 30
15 The Iron Age fort at Stonea Camp in Cambridgeshire 32
16 Possible tribal centres among the Iceni 34
17 The late Iron Age site of Fison Way, Thetford, in Norfolk 35
18 Three silver coins struck for 'Esuprastus'. 36
19 The tombstone of Longinus Sdapeze 65
20 Samian pottery from the destruction layer at Colchester 68
21 The Roman colony at Colchester 72
22 The remains of a building in Colchester destroyed by fire in
AD 60 or 61 75
23 Charred dates from the destruction layer of AD 60 or 61 in
Colchester 78
ILLUSTRATIONS IX
24 The tombstone of Marcus Favonius Facilis from Colchester 79
25 The head of a life-size bronze statue of the Emperor
Claudius, found in the River Aide 81
26 The enclosure at Ashill in Norfolk 82
27 Early Roman London 84
28 A reconstruction of early Roman occupation at i Poultry,
London 87
29 Late Iron Age Verlamion and early Roman Verulamium 92
30 Verulamium around AD 60 to 61 93
31 The workshops in Verulamium, Insula XIV 94
32 Gorhambury around AD 60 to 61 97
33 Iron Age hoards in Norfolk and northern Suffolk 99
34 A reconstruction of the tomb of Gaius Julius Classicianus,
found in London 106
35 A woodcut from Raphael Holinshed's The Chronicles of
England, Scotland and Ireland of 1586, showing Voadicea
making her speech to the Britons 121
36 Woodcut print of an ancient Briton from John Speed's
The History of Great Britaine of 1611 126
37 Woodcut print of Boadicea from the 1632 edition of John
Speed's The History of Great Britaine of 1611 127
38 The British Empire in 1815 149
39 'An Antient Briton' and 'Queen Boadicea' 155
40 'Boadicea shows the marks of the Roman rods' 161
41 George Gale's cartoon of Margaret Thatcher as Boadicea,
from The Daily Telegraph of 11 June, 1987 189
42 A balanced view of Boudicca 192
43 The label design for 'Boadicea Chariot Ale' 202
44 Reconstruction drawing of Boudica in a chariot with war
trappings 219