Bothalia A JOURNAL OF BOTANICAL RESEARCH Vol. 35,1 May 2005 TECHNICALPUBLICATIONS OFTHE SOUTHAFRICAN NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY INSTITUTE, PRETORIA Obtainable from the South African National Biodiversity Institute, Private Bag XI01, Pretoria 0001, RepublicofSouthAfrica.Acatalogueofall availablepublicationswill beissuedonrequest. BOTHALIA Bothalia is named in honourofGeneral Louis Botha, first PremierandMinisterofAgriculture of theUnionofSouthAfrica.ThishousejournaloftheSouthAfricanNationalBiodiversityInstitute, Pretoria, isdevotedtothefurtheranceofbotanical science.Themainfieldscoveredaretaxonomy, ecology, anatomyandcytology.Twopartsofthejournal andanindextocontents,authorsandsub- jects are published annually. Threebookletsofthecontents(a)toVols 1-20,(b)toVols21-25and(c)toVols26-30,areavailable. STRELITZIA Aseriesofoccasional publicationson southernAfricanfloraandvegetation,replacingMemoirsof the BotanicalSun’eyofSouthAfrica andAnnalsofKirstenbosch Botanic Gardens. MEMOIRS OFTHEBOTANICALSURVEYOFSOUTHAFRICA The memoirs are individual treatises usually ofan ecological nature, but sometimes dealing with taxonomyoreconomicbotany. Published: Nos 1-63 (manyoutofprint). DiscontinuedafterNo.63. ANNALS OFKIRSTENBOSCH BOTANIC GARDENS A series devoted to the publication of monographs and major works on southern African flora. Published: Vols 14-19 (earlier volumes published as Supplementary volumes to the Journal of SouthAfrican Botany). DiscontinuedafterVol. 19. FLOWERING PLANTS OFAFRICA(FPA) ThisserialpresentscolourplatesofAfricanplantswithaccompanyingtext.Theplatesareprepared mainly by the artist at the South African National Biodiversity Institute. Many botanical artists have contributed to the series, such as Fay Anderson, Peter Bally, Auriol Batten, Gillian Condy, Betty Connell, Stella Gower, Rosemary Holcroft, Kathleen Lansdell, Cythna Letty (over 700 plates), Claire Linder-Smith and Ellaphie Ward-Hilhorst. The Editor is pleased to receive living plantsofgeneral interest orofeconomic value for illustration. From Vol. 55, twenty plates are published at irregularintervals. An index toVols 1—49 is available. FLORAOFSOUTHERNAFRICA(FSA) A taxonomic treatise on the flora ofthe Republic ofSouth Africa, Lesotho, Swaziland, Namibia and Botswana. The FSA containsdescriptionsoffamilies, genera, species, infraspecific taxa, keys to genera and species, synonymy, literature and limited specimen citations, as well as taxonomic and ecological notes. Contributions to the FSA also appearin Bothalia. PALAEOFLORAOFSOUTHERNAFRICA ApalaeofloraonapatterncomparabletothatoftheFloraofsouthernAfrica. Muchoftheinforma- tion is presented in the form oftables and photographic plates depicting fossil populations. Now available: Molteno Formation (Triassic) Vol. 1. Introduction. Dicroidium, 1983, by J.M. & H.M. Anderson. Molteno Formation (Triassic) Vol. 2. Gymnosperms (excluding Dicroidium), 1989, by J.M. & H.M.Anderson. Prodromus ofSouth African Megafloras. Devonian to Lower Cretaceous, 1985, by J.M. & H.M.Anderson.Obtainablefrom:A.A. BalkemaMarketing,Box317,Claremont7735, RSA. TowardsGondwanaAlive. Promotingbiodiversity and stemming the Sixth Extinction, 1999, byJ.M.Anderson (ed.). BOTHALIA A JOURNAL OF BOTANICAL RESEARCH Volume 35,1 Scientific Editor: G. Germishuizen Technical Editor: B.A. Momberg national biodiversity institute S A N B I 2 CussoniaAvenue, Brummeria, Pretoria Private Bag X101, Pretoria0001 ISSN 0006 8241 May 2005 Editorial Board D.F. Cutler Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK B.J. Huntley National Botanical Institute, CapeTown, RSA P.H. Raven Missouri Botanical Garden, St Louis, USA M.J.A.Werger University ofUtrecht, Utrecht,TheNetherlands Acknowledgements to referees Archer, DrR.H. SouthAfrican National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, RSA. Archer, MrsC. SouthAfrican National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, RSA. Bridson, DrD. 21 Ferrymoor, Ham, Richmond, Surrey, England, UK. Cope, DrT. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, England, UK. Dold,A.P., Schonland Herbarium, Grahamstown, RSA. Duncan, G.D. SouthAfrican National Biodiversity Institute, CapeTown, RSA. Edwards, Prof.TJ. University ofKwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, RSA. Endress, Prof. P.K. University ofZurich, Switzerland. Ferguson, DrD.M. Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, USA. Geerinck, DrD. Rue Charles Pas4, Brussels, Belgium. Goldblatt, DrP. Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri, USA. Greuter, Prof. DrW. Botanical Garden and Botanical Museum, Berlin, Germany. Henderson, Ms L. PlantProtection Research Institute,Agricultural ResearchCouncil, Pretoria, RSA. Herman, P.P.J. SouthAfrican National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, RSA. Jordaan, Mrs M. SouthAfrican National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, RSA. Killick, DrD.J.B. 465 SappersContour, Lynnwood, Pretoria, RSA. Langstrom, DrE. University ofUppsala, Sweden. Leistner, DrO.A. SouthAfrican National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, RSA. Liebenberg, Mrs E.J.L. SouthAfrican National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, RSA. Manning, DrJ.C. SouthAfrican National Biodiversity Institute, CapeTown, RSA. Meerow, DrA.W. National Germplasm Repository, Miami, USA. Melot, DrJ. B.P.1599, IS-121 Reykjavik, Iceland. Nordal, Prof. I. University ofOslo, Norway. Nordenstam, Prof. R.B. NaturhistoriskaRiksmuseet, Stockholm, Sweden. Paterson-Jones, DrD. SouthAfrican National Biodiversity Institute, CapeTown, RSA. Randle, DrC.P. University ofKansas, Lawrence, USA. Redeuilh, DrG. 69 Bddes Fosses, Maule, France. Retief, MsE. SouthAfrican National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, RSA. Robbertse, Prof. P.J. University ofPretoria, RSA. Ronse DeCraene, Prof. DrL. Catholic University ofLeuven, Belgium. Selvi, Prof. F. University ofFlorence, Italy. Simon, B. Queensland Herbarium, Brisbane Botanic Gardens,Toowong,Australia. Smithies, Mrs S.J. SouthAfrican National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, RSA. Thulin, DrM.L. University ofUppsala, Sweden. Van Wyk, Prof. A.E. University ofPretoria, RSA. Victor, MsJ.E. SouthAfrican National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, RSA. Vorster, DrP.J. University ofStellenbosch, RSA. Welman, MsW.G. SouthAfrican National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, RSA. Wilmot-Dear, DrC.M. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, England, UK. CONTENTS Volume 35,1 1. ThreecrypticnewspeciesofAristea(Iridaceae)fromsouthernAfrica. P. GOLDBLATT, A.P. DOLD and MANNING J.C. 1 2. FSA contributions 18: Salicaceae s. str. M. JORDAAN 7 3. Three new species and a new synonym in Strumaria (Amaryllidaceae: Amaryllideae) from southern Africa. D.A. SNIJMAN 21 4. Lamarck’snew speciesofMesembryanthemaceae andthetypesoftheirnames. P. CHESSELET and M. PIGNAL 29 5. Capeplants:correctionsandadditionstotheflora. 1.P.GOLDBLATT,J.C.MANNINGandD. SNUMAN . . 35 6. Commiphorakaokoensis (Burseraceae), anew species fromNamibia, with notes on C. dinteri and C. namaensis. W. SWANEPOEL 47 7. Two new species ofAsteraceae from Northern andWestern Cape, SouthAfrica and a new synonym. J.C. MANNING and P. GOLDBLATT 55 8. Notes onAfrican plants: Agapanthaceae. Synonymy inAgapanthus. G.D. DUNCAN 87 Amaryllidaceae.Anew variety inthe genus Clivia. Z.H. SWANEVELDER,A.E. VANWYKand J.T.TRUTER 67 Boraginaceae.Codonoideae, anewsubfamilybasedon Codon. E. RETIEFandA.E.VANWYK 78 . . Iridaceae. Taxonomic notes on Babiana andFerraria inarid western southern Africa. P. GOLD- BLATTandJ. C. MANNING 71 Lycoperdaceae-Gasteromycetes. Bovista capensis the correct name forBovistapromontorii. J.C. COETZEE andA.E. VANWYK , 74 Lycoperdaceae-Gasteromycetes. The identity ofLycoperdon complanatumDesf. and its nomen- clatural implication. J.C. COETZEE andA.E. VANWYK 76 Poaceae. Name usedinthe FSA regionforthe Cymbopogon excavatus-caesius-giganteusCom- plex. L. FISH 82 Poaceae. Notes onEragrostis. L. FISH 80 Hyacinthaceae. Ornithogalumjuncifolium var. emsii, anew cliff-dwelling Omithogalum from Eastern Cape, SouthAfrica. E.J. VANJAARSVELD andA.E. VANWYK 82 Orobanchaceae.Anew species ofHarveya fromWestern Cape, SouthAfrica. J.C. MANNING andP. GOLDBLATT 89 Proteaceae.AnewLeucadendron (Proteeae) fromWestern Cape, SouthAfrica. J.P ROURKE 63 HERMAN . . Rubiaceae. Infraspecific taxa in a southernAfrican Pavetta species. P.P.J. 84 Salicaceae. Salix: thecorrect application ofthenameSalixmucronata, andanew combination. R.H.ARCHER & M. JORDAAN 92 Scrophulariaceae.Nemesiazimbabwensis,anewrecordfortheFSAregionwithnotesonitsphyto- geographical significance. S.J. SIEBERTandA.E. VANWYK 69 9. The systematic value ofthe leafindumentum inLobostemon (Boraginaceae). M.H. BUYS 93 10. Ovule-to-seeddevelopment inDovyaliscaffra (Salicaceae: Flacourtieae) with notes on the taxonomic significanceoftheextranucellarembryosac. E.M.A. STEYN,A.E.VANWYKandG.F. SMITH . . 101 11. Miscellaneousnotes: Agapanthaceae. Chromosome counts inthe genusAgapanthus. M. MUZILAandJ.J. SPIES ... 109 12. Bookreviews Ill , , New subfamily, species, combinations, status and varieties in Bothalia 35,1 (2005) AristeacistifloraJ.C.Manning & Goldblatt sp. nov., 5 Aristeaelliptica Goldblatt&A.P.Dold sp. nov., 3 Aristeanana Goldblatt & J.C.Manning, sp. nov., 1 Babiana planifolia (G.J.Lewis) Goldblatt& J.C.Manning, comb, etstat. nov., 72 Bovistacapensis (Fr.)J.C.Coetzee &A.E.van Wyk, comb, nov., 75 Brownanthusvaginatus(Lam.) Chesselet& M.Pignal, comb, nov., 33 Brownanthusvaginatus subsp. schenckii (Schinz) Chesselet& M.Pignal, comb, nov., 33 ChrysocomahantamensisJ.C.Manning & Goldblatt, sp. nov., 58 Clivia gardeniiHook, varcitrinaZ.H.Swanevelder,A.E.van Wyk & J.T.Truter, var. nov., 68 CodonoideaeRetief&A.E.van Wyk, subfam. nov., 79 Commiphorakaokoensis W.Swanepoel, sp. nov.,47 Ferrariavariabilis Goldblatt & J.C.Manning, sp. nov., 73 Harveya roseoalbaJ.C.Manning & Goldblatt, sp. nov., 89 LeucadendronimmoderatumRourke, sp. nov., 63 OrnithogalumjuncifoliumJacq. var. emsii VanJaarsv. &A.E.van Wyk, var. nov., 83 Pavettazeyheri Sond. subsp. microlancea(K.Schum.)P.P.J.Herman, comb, et stat. nov., 86 PavettazeyheriSond. subsp. middelburgensis (Bremek.) P.P.J.Herman, comb, et stat. nov., 86 Salix mucronata Thunb. subsp. subserrata (Willd.)R.H.Archer&Jordaan, stat. etcomb, nov., 92 SeneciospeciosissimusJ.C.Manning & Goldblatt, sp. nov., 55 StrumarialuteolobaSnijman, sp. nov., 25 Strumaria proliferaSnijman, sp. nov., 21 StrumariaspeciosaSnijman, sp. nov., 23 IV , Bothalia35,1: 1-6(2005) Three cryptic new species ofAristea (Iridaceae) from southern Africa P. GOLDBLATT*,A.P. DOLD** andJ.C. MANNING*** Keywords:AristeaAiton,Iridaceae,newspecies,southernAfrica,systematics,taxonomy Abstract FieldworkinsouthernAfricaoverthepastseveralyearshasresultedinthediscoveryofthreenewspeciesofthesub- SaharanAfricanandMadagascangenusAristeaAiton,whichnowcomprisessome53species.Aristeahasapronounced centreinsouthernAfricaandacentreofdiversityinthewinterrainfallzoneofthesubcontinent,whereallthreenewspecies occur,oneextendingeastwardintotheadjacentsouthernedgeofthesummerrainfallzone.Allthreenoveltieshavebeen collectedinthepastbutwereconfusedwithrelatedspecies.A.elliptica(subgenusEucapsulares),confusedinthepastwith A.pusilla(Thunb.)KerGawl.,hasamorerobusthabit,usuallywith4or5flowerclustersperfloweringstem,paleblue flowers,smoothellipsoidseedswithflattenedsurfacecells,andpollenshedasmonads,whereasA.pusillausuallyhas1-3 flowerclustersperfloweringstem,darkblueflowers,pollenshedastetrads,andgloboseseedswithfaintfoveatesculptur- ingandcolliculatesurfacecells.A. nana(alsosubgenusEucapsulares),knownfromfewcollections, andalsoconfused withA.pusillaorA.ancepsEckl.exKlatt,hastheunbranchedandleaflessfloweringstemofthelatterbuthaslargegreen floralspathes,flowersborneonlongpedicels,andlacksaleafsubtendingthesingleterminalflowerclusterincontrastto nearlysessileflowersinA.pusillaandA.anceps andinthelatter,dry,rustyspathes.A.cistiflora(subgenusPseudaristea) closelyresemblesA.teretifoliaGoldblatt&J.C.Manningbuthaslineartonarrowlysword-shapedleavesand±secundflow- erswiththeoutertepalsonlyslightlysmallerthantheinnerandwithsmall,darkbrownmarkingsatthebasesofallthe tepals.Incontrast,A.teretifoliahasnarrower,sometimestereteleavesandflowershelduprightwiththeoutertepalsnotice- ablysmallerthantheinnerandbearingdarkmarkingscoveringthelowerhalf,whereastheinnertepalsareunmarked. INTRODUCTION 1997a,b),fourofwhicharesharedwitheasternsouthern Africa. In the course offield work in southern Africa, three undescribedspeciesofthesub-SaharanAfricanandMada- Inthedescriptionsthatfollow,weignorethehomolo- gascan genus Aristea Aiton have come to light. All are gies ofthe subtending foliar bracts ofthe inflorescence, spring-flowering species native tothe eastern halfofthe abinaterhipidium, andcalltheoutertwobractmembers southernAfricanwinterrainfallzoneandadjacentsouth- spathes and those enclosed within them bracts, the latter ernedgeofthe summerrainfall zone.All havebeencol- always smallerthanthe spathes.The individual inflores- lectedbeforebuthavebeenconfusedwithknownspecies cence units, which vary in number and arrangement on similar in vegetative or floral morphology. Comparison the flowering stem, are simply termed flowerclusters. of the taxonomically critical features of the genus, in- cluding seedsandpollengrains(Goldblatt& LeThomas SubgenusEucapsulares sectionEucapsulares 1997; Goldblatt et al. 2004), has substantially aided in distinguishingtwoofthem.A. ellipticaandA. nana,both members of subgenus Eucapsulares: section Eucapsu- Aristeanana Goldblatt & J.C.Manning, sp. nov. lares (taxonomy following Goldblatt & Le Thomas mm 1997). In contrast, details ofthe flower have shown that Plantae (50—)80—150 altae, caule complanato mm A. cistiflora, ofsubgenus Pseudaristea, differs from the bialato 1.2-2.2 lato. nodo terminale elongato, foliis closely related A. teretifolia Goldblatt & J.C.Manning, anguste ensiformibus vel linearibus caule pauciterexce- mm althoughitsothervegetative andfruitingfeatures accord dentibus, 1.5—4.0 latis, marginibus hyalinis saepe closely with the remaining members of the subgenus rubrescentibus, rhipidio binato unico terminale (l)2-flo- (Goldblatt & Manning 1997a). All species have been rum, spathis inaequalibus viridibus marginibus siccis mm examined live in the field as well as in the herbarium. hyalinis (13-)15-25 longis, bracteis similaribus With the addition ofthese three novelties, Aristea com- 6-12 mm longis spathis obtectis, floribus atrocaeruleis prises an estimated 53 species. Seven species occur in .tepalis inaequalibus, extemis ± 10-16 x 3.5-5.0 mm, Madagascar (Goldblatt 1991, 1995a) and about 18 in intemis 12-17 x 5.5-11.0 mm, filamentis 3-4 mm tropical and eastern southern Africa (Weimarck 1940; longis, antheris ± 2.5 mm longis flavis, ovario ovoideo Vincent 1985), one shared with Madagascar. There are 4-6mmlongo,pedicelis 10-12mmlongis, stylo3-loba- 33 species in the southern African winter rainfall zone to 5-6 mm longis, capsulis ovoideis (6-)10-18 mm (Goldblatt & Le Thomas 1997; Goldblatt & Manning longis, seminibusque ignotis. — TYPE. EasternCape,3323(Willowmore):hillslopes *B.A.KrukoffCuratorofAfricanBotany,MissouriBotanicalGarden,RO. immediately north ofJoubertina (growing withA. pusil- Box299,St.Louis,Missouri63166,[email protected] la), (-DD), 19 Sept. 2004, P. Goldblatt & L.J. Porter **BotanyDepartment,RhodesUniversity,6140Grahamstown,South 12492 (NBG, holo.; K, MO, PRE, iso.). [email protected] ***SouthAfricanNationalBiodiversityInstitute,PrivateBagX7,7735 mm Claremont,CapeTown,[email protected] Plants(50—)80—150 high,sometimmemsinsmalltufts; MS.received:2004-07-22. stem flattened and 2-winged, 1.2-2.2 wide, one or , 2 Bothalia35,1 (2005) two perplant, with elongate terminal intemode up to 90 believe thatA. nana is mostclosely alliedto the eastern mm long, occasionally with second short stem up to 30 southern African A. abyssinica Pax (currently including mm long, stems each with single terminal flowercluster. A. cognata N.E.Br. (Goldblatt 1995b) and A. anceps Leavesnarrowlysword-shapedtolinear,sometimesshort- Eckl. ex Klatt. These two species alsohave unbranched, mm lyexceedingstem, 1.5—4.0 wide,withnarrowtranslu- flattened and broadly winged flowering stems with an centmarginssometimesflushedred.Flowerclusterssoli- extended upper intemode, thus bearing leaves only near tary, terminal, (l)2-flowered; spathes unequal, green, thebase(Weimarck 1940). Inaddition,A. nana,A. abys- acute-attenuate, marginsdryandhyaline, (13-)15-25 mm sinica, and A. anceps sometimes produce a short stem long; bracts similar, 6-12 mm long, enclosed within held close to the base of the plant as well as normal mm spathes. Flowers on pedicels 10-20 long, darkblue, extended flowering stems, afeature not before reported. outer tepals green on outside; tepals unequal, outer ± Some examples are collections of A. abyssinica from fps1ito0lyl-allem1ee6n5n-xtg6sr3a.m3i5n-m-s45.slm0hoenmmgd,mls,3oin-nigglnl;oynb.eaerndOt1vha2ate-rra1syp7e±oxxv,2o5.i±.5d5,6-m1±mm1m.40l-mmod6nmimgam.,m.myS,etlllaloomobnewegn;;s LMK(.BwiOaam)rZpkuoealprnuod-6N9iZa9nit1mSaoblNuaBt(bGhGwo;elAfdCrb(iloCcamhataptst(eGo&onl3Md62b5a0l0n2a,n8t8itM,nO<gN£)B9PG7oa)2rn0.td,erAM.1O1a)9n5c4aeBnp,ds lightly fringed. Capsules ovoid, (6-)10-18 long, on mm pedicels up to 20 long. Seeds unknown. Flowering UnlikeAristeanana,however, bothA. abyssinicaand time: lateJulyto September, rarelyinearly October. A. anceps have a small subterminal leaf subtending the terminal flower cluster or terminal pair of flower clus- Distribution and ecology: occurring in Western and ters, and rarely a second subterminal leaf 10-20 mm Eastern Cape, from Robinson’s Pass to the Baviaans- belowtheflowerclusters.A. ancepsalsodiffersinhaving kloof,onsandyandrockysandstoneslopes, inarid,mar- the inflorescence spathes and bracts ± dry at flowering ginal fynbos. time, whereas those ofA. nana are green. Spathes and bractsofA. abyssinica aregreenwithbroaddrymargins Adwarfspecies, mostlyreachinglessthan 120mmin at flowering time, laterbecoming entirely membranous. stature, Aristea nana has until recently rarely been col- They also have subsessile flowers (pedicels are 2-3 mm lleocwt-egdraonwdintgheAn.hapsusuislulaall(yThbuenebn.)coKnefruseGdawwli.thWshieminlarwley pleodnigceilns Au.p taonc2e0pms)m, wlhoenrgeaatsfltohwoesreinogftAi.me,naexntaenhdaivneg came across the species in the wild in 2003, growing to 15 mm in fruit. Moreover, both A. abyssinica andA. togetherwithA.pusillanearJoubertina, inEasternCape, ancepshavepollengrainswiththeaperturesobscuredby on a slope burned the previous summer, directcompari- masses of exine (Goldblatt & Le Thomas 1997). The sonofthetwoinfullbloommadeitclearthatthesewere grains were thus termed sulculate; subsequent examina- differentspecies,despitetheirsimilardwarfgrowthform tionusingtransmissionelectron microscopy showedthat and virtually identical flowers. They differ slightly in the apertures are either zonasulculate or disulculate, in their leaves, those ofA. nana having a glaucous bloom either case with a thick intine indicating the location of and wider translucent margins, whereas the pale green the aperture (Goldblatt etal. 2004). Pollen grains ofA. leaves of A. pusilla are softer textured. The flowering nana differsignificantly from those ofits apparent rela- stem ofA. nana is almost always unbranched and bears tivesinhaving smooth apertures, unique foraspeciesof leaves only nearthebase. Theterminal intemode is sev- section Eucapsulares. Whereas nearly mature capsules eral timeslongerthantherestofthestemandterminates of A. nana are known, mature seeds are not, making in a single inflorescence oftwo or rarely three flowers. impossible comparison ofthe lattercharacter, important Particularly striking are the well-developed pedicels of in determining relationships in Aristea (Goldblatt et al. the flowers, 10-12 mm long, and ovoid ovary, 4-6 mm 2004). long, quite different to the short pedicels, ± 2 mm long, mm ofA.pusillaandtriangular-columnarovary, 12 long. Additionalmaterialexamined — Subsequent examination of the pollen of the two EASTERNCAPE. 3322(Oudtshoom):sandstoneslopesattopof species from the Joubertina site showed that Aristea NuwekloofPass, near Farm Vaalwater, (-BC), 23 September 2004, pusillahas pollen shedin tetrads, themonads withoper- Goldblatt & Porter 12545 (MO, NBG, PRE); Kouga Mtns, Farm culateapertures,asdescribedbyGoldblatt&LeThomas kHomerEee,of±J7o0u0bemrt,in(a-,DBs)a,nd2y9Sgerapvteelmbselrope1s986[,grOoewlionfgsewnit1h05A(.PRpuEs)i;ll6a.]7, (1997). Pollen ofA. nana, however, is shed singly, and (-DD), 24 September 2003, Goldblatt & Porter 12361 (MO. NBG). the grains are dizonasulculate, having two smooth, well- 3324 (Steytlerville) KougaMtns,nearDoringkloof,±900m, (-CA), defined apertures atoppositeendsofthe grain. Once we 30 July 1978, Bond 1421 (PRE). [Doubtful locality] 3326 hmaaddedeatceornmcienretdedtheaftfoAr.tinna2n0a04watsoeastdaibsltiisnhctitsspreacnigees.,Wwee p(uGsriallhaa)m,s(t-oDwBn)),;1BaAtuhguursstt1Di9s7t4.,,Bgaryalsisslsan6d25(5mi(xMeOd).collection, withA. found it tobe common in the Long Kloofand valleys to WESTERNCAPE.—3321 (Ladismith)GamkaMountainReserve, thenorthfromAvontuurtoJoubertina.Wewerealsoable ZebraridgenearOukraal,stonysandstonesoil,(-CB),15August1983, twoheirdeenttihfey aedardliiteisotnaclolcloelclteicotnisonsthoatfAw.enahnaaveinfoheurnbdariaar,e sC1la1to5tp8ee3lsli(n2M8Os6t,on(NyNBBgGrG)o);u.nPde3,r3(d2e-2pCoC(o)Or,ut2dN2tsSohefopoCtmae)mm:fbeerRr,ob2si0an0ns0do,sntG’oosnledPbaslslasot,pteNs&-bfNuaarcnninenidg those made by R.D. Bayliss in 1974 and mixed with A. last summer, (-CD), 29 September2004, Goldblatt & Porter 12572 pusilla. Later collections in herbaria have consistently (MO,NBG);upperLongkloof,rockysandstonebankburnedlastsum- been misidentified asA. pusilla. mer, (-DD), 18 September 2004, Goldblatt & Porter 12486 (MO, NBG, PRE). 3323 (Willowmore): Antoniesberg, north slopes, (-AD), W 30September1989,Barker679(PRE); endoftheKougaMtns,Bo- Despite their superficial similarity, Aristea nana and Kougaroad,±5kmfromUniondale,(-CA),24September2003(fruit- A. pusilla are probably not closely related. Instead, we ing),Goldblatt&Porter12369(MO). . Bothalia35.1 (2005) 3 Aristeaelliptica Goldblatt &A.P.Dold, sp. nov. mm Plantae 200-350(-500) altae, caule ovoideo mm leviterbialato2.5-3.0 latoeramoso(2)3vel4inflor- escentibus sessilibus ferentibus (raro infima breviter stipitato), foliis linearibus ad ensiformibus usitate (2.5-) mm 4.0-6.0 latis coriaceis glaucis marginibus anguste hyalinis, rhipidiobinato 3-5 terminale 2-florum laterali- bus usitate 1- vel 2-florum, spathis viridibus marginibus mm siccis brunneis (25—)30—38 longis, bracteis siccis brunneis quam spathis brevibus, floribus pallide cae- ruleis,tepalisextemis 16-18x±7 mm, intemis± 16x± 9mm, filamentis±3 mmlongis, antheris±3 mm longis mm flavis, ovario triangulo-columnari 12-16 longo, pedicelis ad 3 mm longis, stylo ± 6.5 mm longo ad apicem 3-lobato fimbriatoque, capsulis triangulo-cylin- mm dricis (20-)24—30 longis, seminibus ellipsoideis, in capsuloobliquis. — TYPE. Eastern Cape, 3326 (Grahamstown): Kariega Park, between Kenton-on-Sea and Salem, stony quart- zitic outcrops, (-DA), 21 August 2003, A.P. Dold 4604 (GRA, holo.; MO, NBG, iso.). Plants 200-350(-500) cm high; stem oval in section mm and prominently 2-winged, 2.5-3.0 wide, normally unbranched, with (2)3 or4 lateral flower clusters, these sessile or lowermost short-stalked. Leaves clustered at base, with 2 cauline leaves, linear to narrowly sword- mm shaped, (2.5-)4.0-6.0 wide, firm to leathery, glau- cous, with narrowhyaline margins. Flowerclusters3-5, terminalcluster2-flowered, lateralclusters 1- or2-flow- ered; spathes green with membranous, hyaline orbrown mm margins, (25-)30-38 long; bracts green to dry, one- thirdas long as spathes andconcealedby them. Flowers paleblue,outertepalswithbroadgreenstripeonreverse; tepals unequal, outer 16—18 x± 7 mm, inner± 16 x±9 mm. Stamenfilaments ± 3 mm long; anthers ± 3 mm long, smaller after dehiscing; pollen grains shed singly. Ovarytriangular-columnar, 12-16 mm long, onpedicels up to 3 mm long; style 3-lobed and fringed, ± 6.5 mm long. Capsules cylindric and three-lobed, (20-)24—30 mmlong;lobesangled.Seedsellipsoid, manyperlocule, often oriented obliquely to capsule axis in single row, smooth, surface cells ± plane to weakly domed. Flowering time: AugusttoOctober. Figure 1 Distribution andecology: occurring in Eastern Cape, from the Zuurberg Mountains as far east as the Fish — River Mouth, mainly on sandstone slopes and often on FIGURE 1. Aristeaelliptica.A,flower;B,fruit.Photographedfrom rockoutcrops, in fynbosorgrassy fynbos. Dold4604. Aristea elliptica most closely resembles the diminu- very different and, as Weimarck noted, it is difficult to tive southern Cape species,A. pusilla, and was included accept these as belonging to the same species. in whatWeimarck(1940) calledA. pusilla subsp. robus- Weimarck’s decision to treat the two as subspecies was tior Weim. That taxon is based on a painting of a dark largely based on the presence ofapparent intermediates, blue-flowered plant called A. pusilla in Curtis’s which he did not enumerate, in the Uitenhage and Port BotanicalMagazine (Ker Gawler 1809). In the absence Elizabeth areas. Vincent (1985) who also recognized A. of an associated specimen, however, it is impossible to pusilla subsp. robustiordoes list intermediates but some establish its identity with confidence. We believe it rep- of these specimens are subsp. pusilla and others are A. resents a well-grown specimen ofA. pusilla but is not spiralis (L.f.) Ker Gawl. (Marsh 660, PRE, from distinctfromthat species, which has the darkblue flow- Franschhoek Pass) or A. aff. pauciflora Wolley Dod ers clearly evident in the painting. However, some col- (Oliver 5472, PRE, NBG, from Bailey’s Peak, Klein lections from Eastern Cape referred to subsp. robustior SwartbergMtns),bothofwhichlocalitiesareoutsidethe byWeimarck(1940) andlaterbyVincent (1985), appear range ofboth A. elliptica and A. pusilla. Measurements 4 Bothalia35,1 (2005) given by Vincent for subsp. robustior mostly do not apply toA. elliptica. While mostoftheseso-calledintermediatesaremere- ly more robust Aristea pusilla the taller Eastern Cape , plants referred toA. pusilla subsp. robustiorrepresent a second species, recognized at first by its larger size and associated broaderstem andleaves, the latterfirmerand more leathery than those of A. pusilla. More careful examination of these plants shows that they have ellip- soid seeds, unique inAristea with asmooth surface and , surface cell outlines plane or weakly colliculate (Figure 2A, B). The seeds lie in a single row in each locule, as they do in the closely relatedA. eckloniiBaker, A. ensi- folia Muir and A. pusilla but unlike the horizontally , packed seeds in these three species, those ofA. elliptica are loosely arranged and often oriented obliquely to the long axis of the capsule in a zig-zag arrangement with only theirtipstouching (Figure IB). In this arrangement everyalternateseedismoreorlessparallel.Theseplants alsohavepollengrainsshedsingly(Table 1)andtheyare bisulculate, withtwolargeaperturescoveredwithexine. Both the seeds and pollen contrast starkly with those ofAristeapusilla andits allyA. ensifolia. Seedsofthese species are depressed-globose to shortly columnar (Figure2C) (flatteneddorsallyandventrallyduetopres- surefromadjacent seeds) with shallow foveate sculptur- ing and surface cell outlines colliculate to tuberculate (Goldblatt etal. 2004). The seeds are vertically stacked, in capsules similar to those of A. elliptica but (14-) 20—25(—30) mm long. Pollen of A. pusilla is shed in tetrads (Goldblatt & Fe Thomas 1997) and the monads are operculate. We have now sampled six populations of A.pusillafromacrossitsentirerangeandconfirmtetrads in all ofthem (Table 1), whereas four populations ofA. ellipticaexaminedforthefeaturehavedisulculatepollen grainsshedsingly.The latterpollentypeconformstothe pattern in most members of section Eucapsulares (Goldblatt & LeThomas 1997; Goldblattetal. 2004). Typical Aristea pusilla is a dwarf plant, usually 80-150 mm high, with fairly soft-textured, pale green leaves mostly 2-4 mm wide, andflowers slightly small- FIGUREr4a6p12h8.a—;lvSCi,EewM,SDEmoiMlcdrom4gi6r0ca4r'po,hgsBr,aopwfhitsehoefrdsa,psheAeerdiasctroeofassAeruliplsippteteriactah:einrAsd,,ifDonlooilna-d, emxrm±t,h7aanmnmdt,hionsanenedrofi9nA-n.1e1relx±li±p1t6i9cxam,±mw9itvmhermosuuitsneroAu.tteeeplrallitspetpi1acl2as.-1W14h6i-xl1e87 Goldblatt&Porter12353.Scalebars: 100pm. A. pusilla occurs on both loamy clay and sandy slopes — TABLE 1. PollentypesinpopulationsofAristeapusillaandA.elliptica;alllocalitiesareinSouthAfrica. VouchersarehousedatGRA,MO,andNBG Species Voucherdata Pollengrains A.pusilla W.Cape,Swellendam,Goldblatt&Manning12256A(MO) tetrads,monadsoperculate W.Cape,PrinceAlfred’sPass,Goldblatt&Porter12279(MO) tetrads,monadsoperculate E.Cape,Joubertina,Goldblatt& Porter12364(MO,NBG) tetrads,monadsoperculate E.Cape,Grahamstown,Bayliss7635(MO) tetrads,monadsoperculate E.Cape,StonesHill,Grahamstown,Rennie170(GRA) tetrads,monadsoperculate E.Cape,Grahamstown,VanDams.n. (PRE) tetrads,monadsoperculate A.elliptica E.Cape,KariegaPark,Burrows4658(GRA) disulculatewithaperturalexine E.Cape,KariegaPark,Dold4604(GRA) disulculatewithaperturalexine E.Cape,KowieNatureReserve,DoUl& Cocks4607(GRA) disulculatewithaperturalexine E.Cape,PortAlfred,Tyson 150(PRE) sulculate*withaperturalexine *PollengrainsfromTyson 150,aredescribedassulculatebecausewecannotdetecttheaperture(s)beneaththeexine thatcoverstheentiresurface.