Bothalia Volume 25

164 Pages·1995·14.8 MB·English

Bothalia
‘N TYDSKRIF VIR PLANTKUNDIGE NAVORSING
AJOURNAL OF BOTANICAL RESEARCH
Vol. 25,2 Oct./Okt. 1995
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BOTHALIA
BothaliaisnamedinhonourofGeneral LouisBotha,firstPremierand BothaliaisvemoemtererevanGeneraalLouisBotha,eersteEersteMinister
MinisterofAgricultureoftheUnionofSouthAfrica.Thishousejournal enMinistervanLandbouvandieUnievanSuid-Afrika.Hierdielyfbladvan
oftheNationalBotanicalInstitute,Pretoria,isdevotedtothefurtherance dieNasionaleBotanieseInstituut,Pretoria,isgewyaandiebevorderingvan
ofbotanical science. The main fields covered are taxonomy, ecology, diewetenskapvanplantkunde. Diehoofgebiedewatgedekword,istak-
anatomyandcytology.Twopartsofthejournalandanindextocontents, sonomie,ekologie,anatomieensitologie.Tweedelevandietydskrifen‘n
authorsandsubjectsarepublishedannually. indeksvandieinhoud,outeursenonderwerpeverskynjaarliks.
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STRELITZIA
AseriesofoccasionalpublicationsonsouthernAfricanflora,replacing 'n Reeks ongereelde publikasies oor die flora van suidelike Afrika.
MemoirsoftheBotanicalSurveyofSouthAfricaandAnnalsofKirsten- VervangMemoirsvandieBotanieseOpnamevanSuid-AfrikaenAnnals
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ANNALS OFKIRSTENBOSCHBOTANICGARDENS
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Botany).DiscontinuedafterNo. 19. GestaaknaNo. 19.
FLOWERINGPLANTSOFAFRICA (FPA)
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FromVol.55,twentyplateswillbepublishedatirregularintervals. VanafVol.55sal20plateop‘nkeermetongereeldetussenposesgepub-
AnindextoVols1^-9isavailable. liseerword..
‘nIndekstotVols 1—49isbeskikbaar.
FLORAOFSOUTHERNAFRICA (FSA)
AtaxonomictreatiseonthefloraoftheRepublicofSouthAfrica,Lesotho,. ‘nTaksonomieseverhandelingoorthefloravandieRepubliekvanSuid-Af-
Swaziland, Namibia and Botswana. The FSA containsdescriptions of rika,Lesotho,Swaziland,NamibieenBotswana. DieFSA bevatbeskry-
families,genera,species,infraspecifictaxa,keystogeneraandspecies, wings van families,genusse, spesies, infraspesifieketaksons,sleutelstot
synonymy,literatureandlimitedspecimencitations,aswellastaxonomic genusseenspesies,sinonimie,literatuur,verwysingsnaenkeleeksemplare,
andecologicalnotes. asookbeknoptetaksonomieseenekologieseaantekeninge.
ContributionstotheFSA willalsoappearinBothalia. BydraestotdieFSAsalookinBothalia verskyn.
PALAEOFLORAOFSOUTHERN AFRICA
A palaeoflora on a pattern comparable to that of the Flora of ‘n Paleoflora met ‘n uitleg vergelykbaar met die van die Flora van
southern Africa. Much of the information is presented in the form suidelikeAfrika. Baievandieinligtingwordaangebiedindievormvan
of tables and photographic plates depicting fossil populations. Now tabelleenfotografieseplatewaaropfossielepopulasiesafgebeeldword.
available: Reedsbeskikbaar:
MMPoorlloltdeernnooomuFFsoorrommfaaSttoiiuootnnh((ATTfrrriiaaisscssaiincc))MeVVgoolla..fl21o..rGIansyt.mrnoDdoeusvcotpineoirna.mnsDti(ocerLxocoilwdueidurimnC,grbeDtyia/ccdreeoouiurdsiJ,u.bMm.y),/&dbeyuH/rd.eMJu..rM.AJn.&dMe.Hr&s.oMnH...AMn.deArnsdoenr.soOnb.tain-
ablefrom/Beskikbaarvan:A.A.BalkemaMarketing,Box/Posbus317,Claremont7735,RSA.
1
BOTHALIA
'NTYDSKRIFVIRPLANTKUNDIGENAVORSING
AJOURNALOFBOTANICALRESEARCH
Volume 25,2
Scientific EditorAVetenskaplike Redakteur: O.A. Leistner
Technical Editor/Tegniese Redakteur: B.A. Momberg
NASIONALE BOTANIE*
S
INSTITUUT
Privateb>ag X101 PRETORiAOOC
NATIONAL |
1995 -12- 0
^Botanical Xtgr h-r?~TORtA
I
INSTITUTE I national Fo-TA^c^-iL
(MSTiTunrE
2CussoniaAvenue,Brummeria,Pretoria
Private BagXI01,Pretoria0001
ISSN00068241
Oct./Okt.l995
EditorialBoard/Redaksieraad
D.F.Cutler Royal BotanicGardens, Kew,UK
B.J.Huntley National Botanical Institute,CapeTown, RSA
P.H.Raven Missouri Botanical Garden, StLouis,USA
J.P.Rourke Compton Herbarium, NBI,CapeTown, RSA
M.J.Werger UniversityofUtrecht,Utrecht,Netherlands
CONTENTS—INHOUD
Volume25,2
1.ThreesubspeciesofPelargoniumlaevigatum(Geraniaceae).C.M.VANWYK(neeSCHONKEN)andJ.J.A.
VAN DERWALT
133
2. Asystematic studyofthegenusPseudopentameris(Arundinoideae: Poaceae). N.P. BARKER 141
3.AnoteonCombretumsubgenusCombretumsectionMacrostigmatea(Combretaceae).E.F.HENNESSYand
RODMAN
S. 149
4. NewrecordsandnewspeciesofAsclepiadaceaefromNamibia. P.V. BRUYNS 155
5. An anenxoctlautdeidnglisPtuocfciUnrieadiannidomUyrcoemtyecses(.rusMt.fuVnAgiN)fRrEoEmNSEouNthAfrica 1: MelampsoraceaeandPucciniaceae, 173
6. Studies in the Marchantiales (Hepaticae) from southern Africa. 9. The genusMarchantiaand itsfive local
species. S.M. PEROLD 183
7. New combinations and a complete list ofAsparagus species in southern Africa (Asparagaceae). A.C.
FELLINGHAM andN.L. MEYER 205
8. The taxonomic history ofthe Ricciaceae (1937-1995) and a classification of sub-Saharan Ricciae. S.M.
PEROLD 211
9.NotesonAfricanplants:
MOMBERG
Authorcitation ‘exKrauss’ innomenclature. B.A. 245
Asteraceae. Anoteon Ursiniabrachyloba. P.P.J. HERMAN 244
Asteraceae. Anewcombination in Cotula. P.P.J.HERMAN 244
Boraginaceae. TypificationofthesectionsinLobostemon. M.H. BUYS andJ.J.A. VANDER WALT 233
Cyperaceae.NewrecordsforsouthernAfricaandKwaZulu-Natal.J.BROWNING,K.D.GORDON-
GRAY andC.J. WARD 238
Ericaceae. Anew speciesofEricafrom the Western Cape. E.G.H. OLIVER 242
Lunulariaceae. FruitingLunulariacruciata nowalsoreportedfrom southern Africa. S.M. PEROLD 239
,
Podocarpaceae. Notes on Podocarpus in southern Africa and Madagascar. O.A. LEISTNER, G.F.
SMITHand H.F. GLEN 233
Pteridophyta. New distribution records of South African pteridophytes. J.E. BURROWS and N.R.
CROUCH 236
10.ThepsocidLiposcelisbostrychophilusBadonnel (Psocoptera: Liposcelidae): anoccasional herbariumpest.
E. RETIEF, A. NICHOLAS andH. BAIJNATH 247
11. ObituaArliaesn:PWeircnys-oLmaneca(sBtuedrdy()19B4a4r-k1e9r95()1.90G7.-F1.9S94M)I.TJH.P.anRdOHU.FR.KGELEN 225559
FriedrichvonBreitenbachOMS (1916-1995). H.F.GLEN andW.G. WELMAN 260
12.National Botanical Institute: listofstaffandpublications,31stMarch 1995.Compiler: B.A. MOMBERG 265
13.GuideforauthorstoBothalia 277
Digitized by the Internet Archive
2016
in
https://archive.org/details/bothaliavolume2525unse_0
:
Bothalia25,2: 133-139(1995)
Threesubspecies ofPelargonium laevigatum (Geraniaceae)
C.M. VANWYK* (nee SCHONKEN) andJ.J.A. VAN DERWALT**
Keywords:Geraniaceae,Pelargoniumlaevigatum subspecies,taxonomy
,
ABSTRACT
Pelargoniumlaevigatum(L.f.)Willd.isavariablespecies.Themacromorphology,anatomyoftheleaves,chromosome
numbers and geographical distribution ofthe species were studied, and it is concluded that three subspecies should be
distinguished.Thesubsp.diversifolium(Wendl.)Schonkenstat.nov.andsubsp.oxyphyllum(DC.)Schonkenstat.nov.were
originallydescribedasspecies.Akeytoidentifythethreesubspecies,adistributionmap,andillustrationsofthemacromor-
phologicalcharactersaswellasanatomicalfeaturesoftheleaves,areprovided.
UITTREKSEL
Pelargoniumlaevigatum(L.f.)Willd.is'nvarierendespesie.Diemakromorfologie,anatomievandieblare,chromosoom-
getalleengeografiese verspreidingvandie spesie isbestudeerendaaristotdiegevolgtrekkinggekomdatdriesubspesies
onderskeimoetword.Diesubsp.diversifolium(Wendl.)Schonkenstat.nov.ensubsp.oxyphyllum(DC.)Schonkenstat.nov.
isoorspronklikasspesiesbeskryf.‘nSleutelomdiedriesubspesiesteidentifiseer,'nverspreidingskaart,enillustrasiesvandie
makromorfologiesekenmerkesowelasanatomiesekenmerkevandieblare,wordvoorsien.
INTRODUCTION Rooiberg Pass, Calitzdorp 4093+; 2n = 22, Schonken 150, Swartberg
Pass2014+.
Harvey (1860) described the section Glaucophyllum
and recognized Pelargonium laevigatum (L. f.) Willd. as tein24.0S5u1b+s;p.VadnivedresrifWoallitum10:6V3a,n2dner=W2a2l;tG1y5d92o,uwT,weCeedrseisde4,13Ma2t+j.iesfon-
oneofthespeciesinthesection.VanderWaltetal. (1990)
altered the composition ofthe section Glaucophyllum but 3.Subsp.oxyphyllum: VanderWalt1604,2n=22,Cedarberg4133+;
Stirton 6401,Wupperthal 1085+.
concludedthatP. laevigatum shouldremain inthesection.
P. laevigatum is a variable species and Schonken hydFrooxriqmuitionsoilsi,nerofootrt2ip4shwearte20t°reCa,tefdixweidthin0.3:0102abmsoollut8e-
(1980) suggested that three subspecies should be distin-
ethanol and glacial acid, and stained with aceto-cannine.
guished. For this study the macromorphology, leaf anat-
omy, chromosome numbers and geographical distribution
1.
of the species have been studied to determine whether it RESULTS
isjustified to recognize infraspecific taxa.
Pelargonium laevigatum (L. f) Willd., Species
MATERIALANDMETHODS plantarum 3,1: 685 (1800); Knuth: 436 (1912). Type:
For the morphological and geographical distribution ‘Cap. Bonae Spei’, Thunberg s.n. (UPS 15620, lecto.!,
here designated).
studies, specimens ofaltogether 17 herbaria were studied.
This was followed by extensive field work on different
Erectandcompactorprostrate andlax subshrub, much
populations in the entire distribution area, mainly to de- m
termine the variation in morphological features. branched, evergreen, 0.3-0.5 (-lm) high and 0.3-0.5
in diameter. Stems smooth, herbaceous, glabrous or
Transverse sections, 12-15 pm thick, of wax-embed- glabrescent, grey or glaucous. Leaves unifoliolate to tri-
foliolate, articulated to petiole, subsucculent, glabrous or
ded terminal leaflets and petioles were cut with a rotary
pilose to hirsute, with sparse glandular hairs, glaucous;
microtome and stained with Alcian Green-Safranin (Joel
pinnae sessile, lanceolate to terete, bases cuneate, apices
1983). The sections were made through the middle part
acute, margins entire orirregularly dentate to incised with
of the terminal leaflets and petioles. linear segments, pinnae (10-)20-40(-70) x 1-10 mm;
mm
petiole (4—)15-20(^40) long; stipules free, subulate,
Specimensexaminedforleafanatomyandchromosome 3-11 x 0.2-1.0 mm, somewhat succulent, glabrous to pi-
numbers lose. Inflorescence flowers borne singly or in reduced
:
pseudo-umbels of 2-5 flowers each, peduncle (6-)30-50
Subsp. laevigatum Maggs 16,Willowmore 3502+; VanderWalt (-100) mm long, glabrous to pilose. Pedicel 0.5-13 mm
734, 2n = 22, Swartberg Pass, Oudtshoom 1444+; Van der Walt 1594, long, glabrous or with glandular hairs. Hypanthium 4-38
mm
long, glabrous or with glandularhairs. Sepals 5, nar-
rowly ovate, adaxially concave, apices acute, glabrous or
*NationalBotanicalInstitute,PrivateBagX101,Pretoria0001. pilosetohirsute,greentoreddishbrownwithhyalinemar-
**DepartmentofBotany,UniversityofStellenboschStellenbosch7600.
MS.received: 1994-05-11. gins, 6-12 x 1.5-3.5 mm. Petals 5, white or cream-col-
+projectlocalityno. oured or pink; posterior 2 spathulate with apices obtuse
—
134 Bothalia25,2(1995)
or rounded or retuse, 11-30 x 4—9 mm, reflexed at ± 90° 1. subsp. laevigatum
from the middle, with reddish purple markings at base; an-
terior 3 spathulate to narrowly obovate with apices obtuse Pelargonium laevigatum (L. f.) Willd., Species plantarum 3,1: 685
(1800); Pers.: 233 (1806); DC.: 667 (1824); Drege: 122 (1843); Harv.:
or rounded orretuse, somewhat smaller (11-20 x 3-6 mm) 297 (1860); Compton: 295 (1931); Clifford: 218 (1970); Van derWalt
and somewhat lighter in colourthan posteriorpetals, gradu- & Vorster: 87 (1981).Type: asforP. laevigatum (L. f.)Willd.
ally recurved so that apices are at an angle of± 90° with Geranium laevigatum L. f.: 306 (1781); L.: 619 (1784); Cav.: 255
b(a4sleosn,g,wi1thmefidnieupmu,rp2lisshhorlti)n,esstnaemairnobdaseess.3,Sftialmaemennst:sfebratsiallel7y ((L1.78f7.));EcTkhlu.nb&.:Ze1y1h5.:(177894()1;83T4h-u1n8b3.7:).522 (1823). Eumorpha laevigata
fused forming a staminal column 2-3 mm long; pollen yel- G. acuminatum Thunb.: 526 (1823). Pelargonium acuminatum
low to orange. Ovary ovate, 5-lobed, pilose; style glabrous (Thunb.) DC.: 680 (1824); R. Knuth: 542 (1912). Type: locality and
orsparsely pilosebasally, 1^4mmlong; stigmas5,purplish, collector unknown, specimen UPS 15555 with Thunberg’s handwriting
1-2 mm long. Mericarps: 20-30 mm long; bases 3.5-6.0 (lecto.!,heredesignated).
mm long, tails 16-24 mm long. 2n = 22. P. laevigatum (L. f.) Willd. var. compositum L'Her. ex DC.: 667
(1824).Type: localityandcollectorunknown, specimen G-DC667-190
Keytosubspecies with De Candolle’shandwriting(holo.!).
P. macowanii Bolus: 157 (1890). Type: Cape Province, Boschberg
la Leaves trifoliolate, pinnae incised, southern Cape to ECape nearSomersetEast,MacOwan 1647(BOL,holo.!;GRA,K!,SAM!,Z!).
1. subsp. laevigatum
lbLeavesunifoliolateortrifoliolate,pinnaenotincised,SWCape
tosouthernCape: Diagnosticmorphologicalfeatures
2aLeaves,glabrous,trifoliolate,flowersusuallybomesingly,re-
strictedtoCedarbergMountains 3. subsp. oxyphyllum Leaves trifoliolate, pinnae variously incised, glabrous
2bLeavefslohwierrsuptee,rupnsiefuoldioo-luamtebetlo,trWiefsoltieolrante,Caupsueallymorethan 1 to sparsely hirsute, flattened, 1-5 flowers perpseudo-um-
2. subsp. diversifolium bel (Figure 1).
I IGURE1. P.laevigatumsubsp.lae-
vigatum,Ward-Hilhorst185.A,
floweringbranch,x0.7; B,pet-
als,x1; C,androecium,x2;D,
gynoecium,x2.
Bothalia25,2(1995) 135
Specimensexamined
—
EASTERN CAPE. 3225 (Somerset East): Boschberg, (-DC), Mac-
Owan1479(SAM),1647(BOL,GRA.K,MEL,SAM.Z).3323(Willow-
more):Slypsteenberg,(-AC),Esterhuysen6278(BOL);nearWillowmore,
(-AD), Maggs 16 (STEU); Buispoort, (-AD), Theron 1011 (PRE);
Baviaanskloof,(-BC),VanWyk384(STE);37kmEofWillowmore,(-DA),
Olivier1643(STEU);betweenMiskraalandSmitskraal,(-DA).Hugo1451
(STE); Studtis, (-DB), Martson 53, 67 (STE); 15 km W ofJoubertina,
(-DC), Van der Walt 856 (STEU); Joubertina, (-DD), Esterhuysen s.n.
(BOL), Fourcade3217(BOL), Horns.n. (PRE); nearJoubertina, (-DD),
Esterhuysen 7040, 22797(BOL). 3324 (Steytlerville): Langkloof, (-AB),
Ecldon&Zeyher609(SAM);KougaHills,(-CA),Esterhuysen6661(BOL,
PRE);KougaMountains,(-CA),Bayliss6382(MO.NBG.WAG);Kouga,
(-CA), Compton 10525 (BOL, NBG); between Cambria and Smitskraal,
(-CB),Oliver4551(STE);Kareedouw,(-CD),Compton4516(BOL);Mor-
denaarskloof, (-CD), Stayners.n. (NBG); Baviaanskloof, (-DA), Bayliss
4423 (MO); NWofCambria, Baviaanskloof, (-DA), Oliver4535 (PRE.
STE).3325(PortElizabeth):OtterfordForestReserve,(-CC).Oliver4443
(PRE).Rodin 1109(BOL,MO,PRE).3424(Humansdorp): Krommerivier
Heights,(-BA),Fourcade2704(BOL,PRE,STE).
WESTERN CAPE.—3321 (Ladismith): Rooiberg, (-DA), Compton
3917(BOL,NBG),Esterhuysen17144(BOL),Oliver5330(PRE,STE),
Schonken 150(STEU), Taylor9796(STE). VanderWalt 1594(STEU);
Gamka Mountain Reserve, (-DB), Boshojf360 (STE). 3322 (Oudts-
hoom):Baviaanskloof.(-AC),Bayliss4423(NBG),Boucher38(STEU),
Gill19(BOL,PRE);SwartbergPass,(-AC),Bolus11739(BOL,PRE).
Compton 10419 (NBG), Hafstrom & Acocks 753 (BOL, PRE), Moffett
696(STEU),Pocock120(PRE),Schonken150. 189. 190(STEU),Stokoe
s.n. (SAM), Thompson2195(PRE, STE) VanderWalt734, 1148, 1589
((WSiTlElUo)w;morKea)m:an1a3sskimeWMouonftUaniinosn,da(le-,DA(/-DCBA)),, WZeilnlns2s.8n3.5((SGARMA)..P3R3E2)3;
Bo-Koega,(-CB),Bayliss7081(MO);KougaMountains,(-CB). Wisura
2173 (NBG); PrinceAlfredPass,(-CC), Fourcade2091 (BOL).
Subsp. laevigatum occurs in the southern and eastern
Cape, and it is known from Rooiberg nearCalitzdorp, east-
wardstoOtterfordForestReservenearPortElizabeth(Figure
4). It has been collected from 180 m above sea level near
Hinumitasndsisdtorribputtioon1 a6r0e0amvariinetshefrSowmar2t0b0er-g60R0anmgem.Tpehrearaninnufaml.l
Subsp. laevigatum ismorphologicallyvery variablebut
a continuous variation pattern makes it impossible to di-
vide it into different taxa. Varying characters are the
number offlowers per pseudo-umbel and the size of the
petals, as well as the indumentum and degree ofincision
ofthe leafmargins. To complicate matters, there seem to
be natural hybrids between subsp. laevigatum and Pelar-
gonium fruticosum (Cav.) Willd. P. laevigatum depicted
in Van der Walt & Vorster (1981) with greenish leaves is
—
FIGURE2. TransversesectionofpetioleofP. laevigatum.A,subsp. most probably an example of such a hybrid. These sus-
laevigatum, Maggs 16: B, subsp. diversifolium, Van der Walt pected hybrids occur in the Swartberg Pass where subsp.
1603:C,subsp.oxyphyllum.VanderWalt1604. laevigatum and P.fruticosum are common.
The plants occurring at Boschberg near Somerset East
have finely divided leaves superficially resembling those
Diagnosticanatomicalfeaturesofleaves ofP.fruticosum.Thisform wasdescribedby Bolus(1890)
asP. macowaniiand quoted by Knuth (1912) asP. divari-
cation (Thunb.) DC. var. scabrum Harv. However, the
Petiole: cordiform in transverse section,glandularhairs glaucous leaves and floral characters of these plants are
nmuoltticcleelalrullyard,ifnfeorne-ngtliaatneddu,laprarheanircshyumnaicteolulsulacro,rtheyxp4o-d6erlmaiys- tryepsiecnatlaoffoP.rmlaoefvisguabtsupm. alnadevwigeatcuomn.clTuhdeedattyhpaitcatlhelyearvepe-s
ers, extraxylary sclerenchyma cylinder continuous and are probably the result of the local environmental condi-
2-4layerswide, main vascularbundles4, smallerbundles tions and geographical isolation.
2-6, medullary bundle usually lacking (Figure 2A). Lam-
ina: V-shaped to more or less flattened in transverse sec- Some plants growing in Long Kloof(Fourcade 2704)
tion, trichomes as on petiole, stomata evenly distributed and in the Otterford Forest Reserve (Wilman 1109) have
in ad- and abaxial epidermis, mesophyll not clearly dif- up to five flowers per pseudo-umbel and the petals are
ferentiated in palisade and spongy parenchyma, 2 adaxial exceptionally large. The pinnae of these plants are also
palisade layers larger than 1 abaxial layer (Figure 3A). relatively wide.
136
Bothalia25,2(1995)
—
FIGUREC,3.D,sTurbasnps.voerxsyephsyelcltiuomn:sCo,fftleartmtiennaeldlleeaaff.letVsaonfdPe.rlWaeavlitga1t5u0m1.;AD,,scuebnstpr.icllaeeavf.igVaatnumd,eMraWgaglst1166;04B.,subsp.diversifolium.VanderWalt1603.
FIGURE4.—Knowngeographicaldistributionof/5, laevigatum:subsp.laevigatum,•;subsp.diversifolium,;subsp.oxyphyllum,.