A BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO PLANT BIOLOG Thomas L. Rost Michael G. Barbour Robert M. Thornton T Elliot Weier C. Ralph Stocking Botany A Brief Introduction To Plant Biology Botany A Brief Introduction To Plant Biology Thomas L Rost • Michael G. Barbour Robert M. Thornton • T. Elliot Weier C. Ralph Stocking University of California • Davis, California John Wiley & Sons New York Santa Barbara Chichester Brisbane • • • Toronto Copyright© 1979, byJohn Wiley &Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Published simultaneously in Canada. Reproduction ortranslation ofany partof this work beyond that permitted by Sections 107and 108ofthe 1976 United States Copyright Actwithoutthe permission ofthe copyright owner is unlawful. Requests forpermission orfurther information should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley &Sons. LibraryofCongress Catalogingin PublicationData: Main entry undertitle: Botany. Based on Botany, An Introductionto Plant Biology, 5th ed., byT. E. Weir, C. R. Stocking, and M. G. Barbour. Includes index. 1. Botany. I. Rost, Thomas L. II. Weir, Thomas Elliot, 1903—Botany, An Introduction To Plant Biology5th ed. QK47.B775 581 78-5433 ISBN 0-471-02114-8 Printed inthe United StatesofAmerica 1098765432 1 preface Our objective was to provide an abridged and photographs that are large, detailed, and numerous shortened version of Botany: An Introduction enough to be true learning aids. (3) A traditional to Plant Biology, Fifth Edition, by Weier, pedagogic organization written in a clear and direct Stocking, and Barbour. However, this text is style. (4) An extensive glossary that defines significantly different from that text and is more than frequently used terms in the text and that shows a simple abridgement. their etymological derivation. Like the parent text, this is intended for We take pleasure in acknowledging the following introductory courses at the university, college, or individuals for their help in the development of the community college level. Prior courses in biology, manuscript in whole or in part or for providing the mathematics, or physics are not required, but some materials that are in this book: Alice B. Addicott, acquaintance with elementary inorganic chemistry is Dorothy Brandon, Dr. Edward Butler, Robin Camp, helpful for understanding Chapters 2, 5, and 6. Dr. Norma Lang, Jacqueline Lockwood, Walter Appendix A introduces the basic ideas of chemistry Russell, Lorna R. Thornton, and Dr. John Tucker. that are needed, and should be valuable for students We also wish to thank the following individuals who who have no background in chemistry. Much of the reviewed the manuscript: Charles H. Field, Cochise parent text has been rewritten and many new College; Jerry Davis, University of Wisconsin, La illustrations have been added. Topics in the fifth Crosse; David Dallas, Northeastern Oklahoma A & M edition of Botany by Weier et al. that have been College; and Mary McLanathan, Foothill College. We extensively revised include: metabolism, absorption are especially grateful to Ted Barkley of Kansas and transport, photosynthesis, growth, algae, fungi, State University for his meticulous and detailed and angiosperms. Many detailed new drawings by suggestions on the entire manuscript. Others who Alice B. Addicott and Jacqueline L. Lockwood provided illustrations are cited at the end of the accompany these and other chapters. All the book. The many students who have provided drawings convey important information in a dramatic suggestions for the improvement of the general manner, but we think that some are original enough botany course taught at the University of California, in themselves to be contributions to botany. The Davis, cannot be acknowledged individually, yet they chapters on bacteria and viruses in the larger text should be aware of our appreciation for them have been deleted in this adaptation, and much of collectively. We apologize for the unintentional the material on genetics has been condensed and omission here of others who have contributed to the placed in Chapters 3, 7, 10, and Appendix B. text. We believe that this text has several features not shared by any other botany books of comparable size: (1) A complete, unbiased coverage of botanical Thomas L. Rost topics with equally detailed sections on anatomy, Michael G. Barbour cytology, economic botany, ecology, evolution, Robert M. Thornton morphology, physiology, taxonomy, and a survey of T. Elliot Weier the plant kingdom. (2) Many original drawings and C. Ralph Stocking