Borlumastus gen. nov. (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Enidae), a new land snail genus from Turkey

2004·1.2 MB·English

by  Örstan, Aydin

BASTERIA, 68: 125-129
Borlumastus gen.nov. (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Enidae),
a new land snail genus fromTurkey
Aydin Örstan
Section ofMollusks,CarnegieMuseum ofNaturalHistory, 4400 ForbesAve,,Pittsburgh, PA,15213
U.S.A.,[email protected]
& M.+Zeki Yildirim
SuleymanDemirel Universitesi,Burdur EcitimFakiiltesi,15100,Burdur,Turkey,
[email protected]
Borlumastusgen.nov.isdescribed asanewgenusofthe familyEnidaeand comparedconcho-
logicallyand asregardsthe genitaliawithsimilar genera.The newgenusis characterized by
anelongatedshell with onlyapalataltoothinitsaperture,anS-shapedpenileverge, longitu-
dinalfolds coveringtheinsidewalls ofthepenisandbythelackofapenileappendix.The only
speciesincluded in thenewgenusis Borlumastusyildirimi (Schütt),knownfrom the Province of
Isparta,Turkey.
Keywords: Gastropoda,Pulmonata,Enidae,Borlumastus,Ena,Turkey, systematics.
Fig. 1.Three shells ofBorlumastus yildirimishowingthevariationintheprominenceofthepalataltooth.
AllarefromKavacik Çeşmesi, Keçiborlu, Isparta(CM66886).Scale bar3mm.
126 BASTERIA, Vol. 68,No. 4-6,2004
INTRODUCTION
In thelandsnail familyEnidaethereare several generawith similarlooking shells.As
a result, the assignment of species tothe correct generarequires the examination of their
genitalia. The anatomyof the genitalia of Ena yildirimi Schiitt, 1995,known only from an
approximately 20-kmlongmountainous areabetween andUluborlu,Provinceof
Isparta, in southwestern-centralTurkey (Yildinm &Schiitt, 1997),hasnot beenpublished
before.Hausdorf(2001) didnot includeE.yildirimiinhisrevisionof theTurkish species of
Ena Turton, 1831,but noted, withoutanexplanation, thatit belonged toMeijeriella Bank,
1985. We have characterized E. yildirimi according to themorphology ofthegenitalia and
conchologically andare describing anew genus,Borlumastus, toaccommodateit.
MATERIALAND METHODS
Weexaminedmorethan50adultspecimens ofE.yildirimicollectedatvariousstations
between Kegiborlu and Uluborlu, Isparta, Turkey. Sixteen specimens, three dissected,
have been deposited in theCarnegie Museum ofNatural History, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
(CM66886). The dimensions(H total height and D, diameter)ofadult shellswithfully
t,
formedlips were measured.The sample meansaregiven withsample standard devia-
tions.Tocalculatetheratioofthetotalshell heighttotheapertureheight (H,/Ha),theaper-
tureheight was measuredfromthebottomofthelip to thelevelof theinsertionpoint of
theouterlip attheupperrighthandcorner oftheparietal wall.Inthe descriptions ofthe
genitalia theterm distal designates parts closesttothegenitalopening.
Borlumastusgen.nov.
Diagnosis. - Shell muchhigherthanwide. Upper palatal lip withonetooth;parietal
wall without angular tooth.Penis without appendix, penile retractor inserts at penis,
penile vergeS-shaped, plump, abruptly tapering. Insidewalls ofpenis withdistinct, nar-
row, longitudinal folds.Epiphallus withcaecumand flagellum.
Typespecies.- EnayildirimiSchiitt, 1995.Presently, thisistheonly speciesinthenew genus.
Etymology. - Acombinationofthesuffix"borlu"in thenamesofthetownsKegborlu
and Uluborlu, the locations of which seemto delimitthe rangeof the type species and
Mastus, to which the newgenusis related.Gender:masculine.
Borlumastus yildirimi(Schütt, 1995)(figs 1-3)
Enayildirimi Schiitt,1995:164,fig.5,typelocality: Akdag,Kegiborlu,Isparta.
Shell. - As in Schiitt (1995). Inoccasional shellsthe palatal tooth is less prominent
thanusual(third shell in fig. 1).
Measurements.Kavacik£e§mesi, Isparta (CM66886,N=16):H,=14.1-16.5
mm,mean=15.6±0.6mm;D=4.6-5.1 mm,mean=4.7+0.1mm;meanHt/Ha=3.3. Various
locationsbetween Keqiborlu and Uluborlu(N =42):Ht=12.0-17.0mm, mean=15.0±1.2
mm; D =4.0-5.1 mm, mean = 4.8± 0.3 mm. The 18.2 mm long holotype (SMF 318788)
appearsto be anunusually large specimen.
Genitalia.- Penislacks anappendix (fig. 2). Theretractor muscleof thepenis attaches
tothepenisslightlybelow thejunction oftheepiphallus andpenis. The penileverge(-0.63
mmlong)is S-shaped, plumpandhasnumerousdeep groovesonitssurface; towarditsdis-
Orstan& Yildirim:Borlumastus, a new genusfrom Turkey 127
talenditabruptly taperstoapoint(fig. 3). The vergesits insidearoughly spherical cavity
in the proximal halfof thepenis. Insidewallsof thecavity haveshallowundulating folds
thatturn intothestraight and higher longitudinal foldscovering thewallsof thedistalhalf
ofthe penis (fig. 3). Thesefoldscontinue through thevagina tothefreeoviductandbursa
copulatrix. Epiphallus hasasmall caecum(-0.3mmlong) and aflagellum(-0.6mmlong).
Fig.2.Distal genitaliaofBorlumastus yildirimi.Abbreviations: bc=bursa copulatrix, c=caecum, d=diverti-
culum,e=epiphallus,f=flagellum,fo=freeoviduct, go=genitalopening,p=penis,rp=retractor ofpenis,
v=vagina,vd=vasdeferens,ve=verge.
Fig.3.OpenedpenisofBorlumastus yildirimi.
128 BASTERIA, Vol.68, No.4-6, 2004
DISCUSSION
In the genus Ena, the penis has an appendix and the shell aperture lacks teeth
(Schileyko, 1998; Hausdorf, 2001). Therefore, the species Schiitt (1995) described as Ena
yildirimi, whichhas apalatal tooth(fig. 1)and lacks a penile appendix (fig.2), doesnot
belong to Ena. Inadditionto Borlumastus gen.nov., thereare five enidgenerawithout a
penile appendix (thefirstfourgivenas subgenera ofChondrulain Schileyko, 1998):Mastus
Beck, 1837; Chondrula Beck, 1837; Eubrephulus A.J. Wagner, 1927; Amphitrorsus
Kimakowicz, 1890;Meijeriella Bank, 1985.Borlumastus gen. nov. differsfrom all of these
generain having only onepalatal and noother apertural teeth.In 54 shellsof B.yildirimi
with thickened lips that we examined, therewas not oneshell with anangular tooth,
although in less than halfof theexaminedshells, a very small, white protuberance near
thejunctionof theparietalwall withthepalatal lip was observed.
In addition to the differencesbetween their apertural dentitions, B. yildirimi and
Meijeriellacanaliculata Bank, 1985, furtherdifferfromeachotherin theproportions oftheir
shells.In theoriginal description of E.yildirimi, Schiitt(1995)gaveH,/Haas4,butlateron
changed it to approximately 3(Schiitt, 2001). We calculatedthe meanHt/Haof 16speci-
mens of B.yildirimias 3.3, closerto Schtitfslatervalue.Incomparison, Bank(1985) gave
the sameratio inM. canaliculataas4. Thelatter species appearstobe unique amongthe
species ofthegeneradiscussedhereinhavinganaperturethatismuchshorterrelativeto
the total shellheight.Furthermore, M. canaliculatahas a spiral grooveonitsbody whorl
(Bank, 1985)thatisabsentin B.yildirimi.
An additionaldifferencebetweenB.yildirimiandM. canaliculatais thelocationofthe
attachmentpoint of thepenis retractor. In B. yildirimi theretractor attaches to thepenis
slightly belowthejunction of theepiphallus andpenis (figs 2-3), whereasin M. canalicu-
latatheretractor attachesuniquely to theepiphallus itself(Bank, 1985).
Based ontheillustrationsintheliterature, thepenile vergein thespecies ofChondrula,
Eubrephulus,Amphitrorsus andMastus is shaped somewhat like a straight carrot root
(Hesse, 1933; Forcart, 1940; Maassen, 1995; Schileyko, 1998). Likewise, Bank (1985)
describedthepenile vergeofM. canaliculataassausage-shaped and pointed. In compari-
son,thepenile vergeof B.yildirimihasanS-shaped morphology(fig.3). Becauseno other
vergewithasimilarshapeseemstohavebeenreported inthegeneraconsideredhere,this
anatomymaybe unique toBorlumastusgen.nov.
Theinner walls of thepenis ofMastus,ChondrulaE,ubrephulus andAmphitrorsus are
coveredwithpapillae thatSchileyko (1998)referredtoas'prismoconic tubercles'.In some
Mastusspecies these papillae arereplaced bylongitudinal folds towardsthe distalend of
the penis that continue through the vagina into the free oviduct and bursa copulatrix
(Orstan, unpublished). Incomparison, theinsidewallsofthepenis ofB.yildirimiarelined,
not withpapillae, butwithdistinct, narrow,longitudinal foldsthatarelowand undulat-
ing inthecavity of thevergeandmore prominent and straighter in thedistal halfof the
penis (fig. 3).As inMastus, thesefolds continuethrough thevagina into thefree oviduct
and bursacopulatrix.
Bank& Neubert(1998) notedthatMastusM, eijeriella,ChondrulaandEubrephulus are
closely related toeach other.Borlumastusgen. nov. also belongs tothis group.Ifthedis-
tributional range of Borlumastus gen. nov. turns out to be limited to the mountains
between Keyiborlu andUluborlu, a detailedstudy of its phylogenetic relationswith the
othergenera, taking into account thepalaeogeography ofits range, willhelp us under-
standtheevolutionary historyofthis group.
Orstan& Yildirim:Borlumastus, a new genusfrom Turkey 129
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