B O R D E R P O L I T I C S IN A GLOBAL ERA Comparative Perspectives Kathleen Staudt University of Texas at El Paso Foreword by Tony Payan ROWMAN & LITTLEFIELD Lanham • Boulder • New York • London Executive Editor: Traci Crowell Associate Editor: Molly White Assistant Editor: Mary Malley Senior Marketing Manager: Karin Cholak Marketing Manager: Deborah Hudson Interior Designer: Ilze Lemesis Cover Designer: Sally Rinehart Cover photo provided by Kathleen Staudt Credits and acknowledgments for material borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on appropriate page within the text. Published by Rowman & Littlefield A wholly owned subsidiary of The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc. 4501 Forbes Boulevard, Suite 200, Lanham, Maryland 20706 www.rowman.com Unit A, Whitacre Mews, 26–34 Stannary Street, London SE11 4AB, United Kingdom Copyright © 2018 by Rowman & Littlefield All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means, including information storage and retrieval systems, without written permission from the publisher, except by a reviewer who may quote passages in a review. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Information Available Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Available ISBN 9781442266179 (cloth : alk. paper) ISBN 9781442266186 (pbk. : alk. paper) ISBN 9781442266193 (electronic) ™ The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI/ NISO Z39.48–1992. Printed in the United States of America DDeeddiiccaattiioonn This book is dedicated to my now-grown children, Mosi and Asha vii BrDieefd Cicoanttioennts Part I Conceptual Framework and Historical Backgrounds 1 1 Introduction 2 2 Geography, Maps, and the “Other” in History 15 3 Global Inequalities and Local Borderlands: Conceptual Foundations 33 Part II Regional Case Studies 54 4 The Americas: Interdependent US-Mexico Borderlands 56 5 From Borderlessness to Partition Scars and Border Fences: Postcolonial South Asia 79 6 European Integration (Under Threat): Mobility in a Superstructure 96 7 Maritime and River Borders 115 Part III Public Policy Issues 128 8 Securities: Environmental, Safety, and Survival 130 9 Citizenship, Migration, and the Movement of People Across Borders 151 10 Freer and Fairer Trade in Borderlands 176 Part IV Bridging the Borderlands 197 11 Borderlands in Films 198 12 Toward Solutions: NGOs and Policy Change, Global to Regional 213 13 Conclusions and Reflections on Border Politics in a Global Era 236 ix