Bootstrapping democracy: transforming local governance and civil society in Brazil PDF
Preview Bootstrapping democracy: transforming local governance and civil society in Brazil
Bootstrapping Democracy Bootstrapping Democracy Transforming LocaL governance and civiL socieTy in BraziL Gianpaolo Baiocchi, Patrick Heller, and Marcelo K. Silva Stanford University Press Stanford, California Stanford University Press Stanford, California ©2011 by the Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system without the prior written permission of Stanford University Press. Printed in the United States of America on acid-free, archival-quality paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Baiocchi, Gianpaolo, 1971- Bootstrapping democracy : transforming local governance and civil society in Brazil / Gianpaolo Baiocchi, Patrick Heller, and Marcelo K. Silva. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-8047-6055-3 (cloth : alk. paper) -- ISBN 978-0-8047-6056-0 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Municipal government--Brazil--Citizen participation. 2. Municipal budgets--Brazil-- Citizen participation. 3. Political participation--Brazil. 4. Democracy--Brazil. 5. Civil society--Brazil. I. Heller, Patrick, author. II. Silva, Marcelo Kunrath, author. III. Title. JS2417.A2B35 2011 320.80981--dc22 2011002878 Typeset by Bruce Lundquist in 10/14 Minion To our children: Aisha, Carol, Dylan, João Pedro, Nadia and Safina. TaBLe of conTenTs List of Illustrations ix Preface xi Acronyms and Terms xv Introduction Evaluating Participatory Democracy 1 1 Civil Society and the Local State: Toward a Relational Framework 18 2 The Emergence of Local Democracy in Brazil 39 3 Assessing the Impact of Participatory Budgeting 59 4 Representation by Design 80 5 Making Space for Civil Society 107 Conclusion Bootstrapping Participatory Democracy 142 Appendix 167 Notes 173 Bibliography 181 Index 197 iLLusTraTions Table 1.1 Civil Society-State Relations 35 Table 3.1 The Matched Pairs 64 Table 3.2 Participatory Governance, 1997–2000 73 Table 3.3 Synthesis of Participatory Governance, 1997–2000 73 Figure 4.1 The Participatory Budgeting Cycle in Gravataí (1997–2000) 85 Table 4.1 Summary of the Four Cases 105 Table 5.1 State-Civil Society Relations Before 1997 109 Table 5.2 Changes in State-Civil Society Relations, 1997–2000 111 Table 5.3 Three Cases of Participatory Democracy 138 Table A.1 Selected Human Development Indicators, 2000 171 ix
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