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Bone regeneration PDF

352 Pages·2012·45.166 MB·English
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BONE REGENERATION Edited by Haim Tal Bone Regeneration Edited by Haim Tal Published by InTech Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia Copyright © 2012 InTech All chapters are Open Access distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. After this work has been published by InTech, authors have the right to republish it, in whole or part, in any publication of which they are the author, and to make other personal use of the work. Any republication, referencing or personal use of the work must explicitly identify the original source. As for readers, this license allows users to download, copy and build upon published chapters even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. Notice Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the published chapters. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book. Publishing Process Manager Ana Skalamera Technical Editor Teodora Smiljanic Cover Designer InTech Design Team First published April, 2012 Printed in Croatia A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com Additional hard copies can be obtained from [email protected] Bone Regeneration, Edited by Haim Tal p. cm. ISBN 978-953-51-0487-2 Contents Preface IX Part 1 Tissue Engineering of Bone 1 Chapter 1 Stem Cell Based Bone Tissue Engineering 3 Lauren Vernon, Lee Kaplan and Chun-Yuh Charles Huang Chapter 2 Autologous Cell Therapies for Bone Tissue Regeneration 17 Nevenka Kregar Velikonja, Hana Krečič Stres, Elvira Maličev, Danica Gantar, Matija Krkovič, Vladimir Senekovič, Matjaž Rode, Miomir Knežević, Gordana Vunjak Novakovic and Mirjam Fröhlich Chapter 3 Signals Between Cells and Matrix Mediate Bone Regeneration 51 Ron Zohar Chapter 4 Tissue Engineering of Bone: Critical Evaluation of Scaffold Selection 75 Itzhak Binderman, Avinoam Yaffe, Yuval Samuni, Hila Bahar, Joseph Choukroun and Philippe Russe Chapter 5 Tissuue Engineering in Maxillar Sinus Lifting: A Comparation of Differents Grafts and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopic Evaluation 87 Andrea Ballini, Michele Scivetti, Stefania Cantore, Biagio Rapone, Gianfranco Favia and Felice Roberto Grassi Part 2 Regenerative Bone Therapy 101 Chapter 6 Bioresorbable Collagen Membranes for Guided Bone Regeneration 103 Haim Tal, Ofer Moses, Avital Kozlovsky and Carlos Nemcovsky Chapter 7 Augmentation and Preservation of the Alveolar Process and Alveolar Ridge of Bone 131 Haim Tal, Zvi Artzi, Roni Kolerman, Ilan Beitlitum and Gal Goshen VI Contents Chapter 8 Distraction Osteogenesis and Its Challenges in Bone Regeneration 177 Reggie C. Hamdy, Juan S. Rendon and Maryam Tabrizian Chapter 9 Skull Expansion by Spring-Mediated Bone Regeneration 205 Rodrigo Dornelles, Vera Cardim and Nivaldo Alonso Chapter 10 The Use of Cancellous Bone-Block Allograft for Reconstruction of the Atrophic Alveolar Ridge 231 Gavriel Chaushu and Joseph Nissan Part 3 Applied Biotechnology and Biomaterials 257 Chapter 11 Self-Regenerative Ability of Bone and Micro Processing of Bone-Component Material in Orthopedic Surgery Healing 259 T. Ohtani, T. Nakai, R. Mori and Y. Uchio Chapter 12 Microstructure and Biocompatibility of Hydroxyapatite Porous Ceramics Designed by a Partial Dissolution-Precipitation Technique with Supersonic Treatment for Bone Regeneration 275 Toshiyuki Akazawa, Masaru Murata, Yasuhiko Tabata and Manabu Ito Chapter 13 Development and Evaluation of Superporous Ceramics Bone Tissue Scaffold Materials with Triple Pore Structure A) Hydroxyapatite, B) Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate 293 Michiko Sakamoto and Toshio Matsumoto Chapter 14 Histocompatibility of Acellular Matrix Bone with Osteoblast and Vascular Endothelial Cells 313 Gang Rui, Xuhong Jin and Shan Lin Preface Ever since the dawn of humanity, invention has inspired progress. The resourcefulness of mankind has continually led to advances in the implements we use; from time to time we have witnessed revolutionary innovations. Bone regeneration and tissue engineering therapy may well be counted among these outstanding breakthroughs. Bone is a specialized connective tissue most prominently characterized by its mineralized organic matrix that imparts the physical properties that allow bone tissue to resist load, to support functional organs such as teeth, and to protect highly sensitive body parts such as the central nervous system. Bone loss and bone damage may occur as a result of genetic conditions, infectious diseases, tumours, and trauma. Additional causes of bone loss or bone damage specific to the oral cavity include severe periodontal disease, tooth loss, and post-extraction disuse atrophy of the jaws. While physical activity may result in formation of functionally oriented bone trabeculae , muscular disuse or muscular atrophy, hormonal changes and aging may bring about reduction in bone density and lead to osteopenia and osteoporosis. Pathological bony defects and deficiencies frequently pose therapeutic and reconstructive challenges. Bone regeneration, which is part of the process of bone healing, involves integrative activity of native tissues and living cells, and lends itself to the incorporation of naturally derived or biocompatible synthetic scaffolds, aimed at replacing missing or damaged osseous tissues. There are several modalities of bone regeneration that take advantage of the principles of bone biology: these include tissue engineering, guided bone regeneration, distraction ontogenesis, and bone grafting. During the past 30 years since the introduction of dental implants, lack of sufficient volume of bone at implant recipient sites has motivated the development of new regenerative therapies for promoting de novo formation of bone at such compromised sites. These procedures, often referred to as "implant site development", have received special attention over the past few years. Awareness of what may be likened to bone regeneration and tissue engineering is as old as human culture. The Book of Genesis provides a detailed description of the X Preface creation of man, followed by the creation of a woman from one of the man's ribs: [21] "So the LORD GOD caused a deep sleep to fall upon the man, and while he slept took one of his ribs and closed up its place with flesh; [22] and the rib which the LORD GOD had taken from the man he made into a woman." The ancient Kabbalah refers to these divine acts as Genesis I and II, and considers the power given to Noah to select the species to repopulate the world after the great flood, when the power of divine regeneration was granted to a human being, as Genesis III. Tissue engineering and clinical bone regeneration may one day be considered as Genesis IV, an era when a new kind of creative power is given to man, with all the profound responsibility and commitment that such creation carries with it. Editing this book has been a work of love. It is the culmination of three decades of teaching, research and clinical activity in a rapidly changing scientific and clinical environment. I am indebted to my teachers and mentors, Prof. John Lemmer , University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg, and Prof. S. Sigmund Stahl, New York University, whose academic and professional dedication inspired me throughout the years. I hope that the readers will find this book informative, motivating and stimulating Haim Tal DMD, MDent., PhD (Rand) Department of Periodontology and Implantology Tel Aviv University, Israel

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