Bone Mechanics Handbook, Second Edition PDF
Preview Bone Mechanics Handbook, Second Edition
Bone Mechanics H A N D B O O K Second Edition Bone Mechanics H A N D B O O K Second Edition Edited by Stephen C. Cowin CRC Press Boca Raton London New York Washington, D.C. FM Page ii Friday, February 2, 2001 2:15 PM Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Bone mechanics handbook / edited by Stephen C. Cowin. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8493-9117-2 (alk. paper) 1. Bones--Handbooks, manuals, etc. 2. Biomechanics--Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. Cowin, Stephen C. (Stephen Corteen), 1934- QP88.2 .B5885 2001 612.7′5--dc21 00-051909 CIP This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted material is quoted with permission, and sources are indicated. A wide variety of references are listed. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and the publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or for the consequences of their use. Neither this book nor any part may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. All rights reserved. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use, or the personal or internal use of specific clients, may be granted by CRC Press LLC, provided that $.50 per page photocopied is paid directly to Copyright clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923 USA. The fee code for users of the Transactional Reporting Service is ISBN 0-8493-9117-2/01/$0.00+$.50. The fee is subject to change without notice. For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged. The consent of CRC Press LLC does not extend to copying for general distribution, for promotion, for creating new works, or for resale. Specific permission must be obtained in writing from CRC Press LLC for such copying. Direct all inquiries to CRC Press LLC, 2000 N.W. Corporate Blvd., Boca Raton, Florida 33431. Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation, without intent to infringe. Visit the CRC Press Web site at www.crcpress.com © 2001 by CRC Press LLC No claim to original U.S. Government works International Standard Book Number 0-8493-9117-2 Library of Congress Card Number 00-051909 Printed in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 Printed on acid-free paper FM Page iii Friday, February 2, 2001 2:15 PM To Martha FM Page iv Friday, February 2, 2001 2:15 PM FM Page v Friday, February 2, 2001 2:15 PM Preface The progress in bone mechanics in the last decade has been extraordinary. CRC Press published my previous edited book on this subject in 1989. It was entitled Bone Mechanics and it was a snapshot of the subject in the summer of 1988. The present book is a snapshot of the subject sometime in early 2000. The difference between these volumes reflects the extraordinary progress made in that decade between the publication of the two volumes. The first book covered the field in 12 chapters by 13 authors. This volume contains 36 chapters by 47 authors. The field has expanded in the number of people involved and in content. The flow of bone fluid, techniques to measure skeletal gene function and expression, bone transgenic effects, the mechanical testing of bone cells, and the design and manufacture of bone replacement scaffolds were not subjects mentioned in the 1989 volume. I believe that this decade and the next will be viewed as the decades of the most rapid accumulation of knowledge in bone mechanics research. In the preparation of the current volume, I was struck not only by how much the field of bone mechanics had developed in the decade, but also by how many women are now working in the field. There was one woman among the 13 authors of the previous volume (7%), whereas there are 10 women authors among the 47 authors of this volume (21%), a factor of three increase. This outcome is not the result of a bias in favor of women. This volume represents a great deal of work by a number of different people, but these women carried more than a 21% share. Although they represented only a fifth of the authors, the women provided critical help at many stages. In particular, I very much appreciate the extra effort of Adele Boskey and my colleague Susannah Fritton in reviewing chapters. Further, I am deeply indebted to Catherine Ford, Eliana Lucchinetti, and Marta Villarraga for taking over development of chapters on not previously surveyed topics. An editor learns the variety of problems that a chapter author can encounter. For example, traditionally, scholars writing chapters for volumes such as these are given credit by their institution and encouraged in this endeavor. However, government research administrators in several European countries have changed this policy in recent years. In these countries, the career evaluation systems for scholars have downgraded the value of writing chapters of the type that appear in this volume and the scholar-author is given no credit for this activity. Publication credit in these countries is based on impact, a measure of the circulation and prestige of the journal in which a publication occurs. These governments should consider the consequences of such a policy. I should note that, as editor, I have not forced a uniform viewpoint on the authors, and the reader may find occasional contradictory statements. For example, the reader will find that my chapter on Bone Fluid Poroelasticity and Sol Pollack’s chapter on Streaming Potentials in Bone are not consistent on the question of the anatomical location of streaming potentials in bone. Sol Pollack and I hope that the reader will not be frustrated by this inconsistency, but rather view the presentations as two sides of an unsettled question. It would be rewarding if the reader were inspired to seek or provide a resolution for such questions. FM Page vi Friday, February 2, 2001 2:15 PM It was a pleasure working with all authors of the chapters of this volume. I thank each of them for their contribution. I hope that the reader will find the information gathered by these authors to be both accessible and useful. I also hope that readers of this book may, if they are not doing so already, be stimulated to work in this fascinating field. Stephen C. Cowin Manhattan, July 2000 FM Page vii Friday, February 2, 2001 2:15 PM Advisory Board Ozan Akkus Stephen C. Cowin J. Christopher Fritton Case Western Reserve University The City College of New York Hospital for Special Surgery Cleveland, Ohio New York, New York New York, New York Yves P. Arramon James L. Cunningham Susannah P. Fritton Parallax Medical, Inc. University of Bristol The City College of New York Mountain View, California Bristol, England New York, New York Adele Boskey John Currey Allen E. Goodship Weill Medical College of Cornell University of York Royal Veterinary College University and the Hospital York, England and Institute of Orthopaedics for Special Surgery London, England New York, New York Dwight T. Davy Mathias Bostrom Case Western Reserve University X. Edward Guo Weill Medical College of Cornell Cleveland, Ohio Columbia University University and the Hospital New York, New York for Special Surgery Suzanne C. Dieudonné New York, New York University of Nijmegen John W. Halloran Nijmegen, The Netherlands The University of Michigan Thomas D. Brown Ann Arbor, Michigan The University of Iowa Iowa City, Iowa Stephen Doty Richard T. Hart Hospital for Special Surgery Tulane University Elisabeth H. Burger New York, New York New Orleans, Louisiana ACTA Vrije University Amsterdam, The Netherlands Stephen E. Feinberg Scott J. Hollister The University of Michigan The University of Michigan David B. Burr Ann Arbor, Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan Indiana University Indianapolis, Indiana Catherine M. Ford Rik Huiskes Tien-Min Gabriel Chu Exponent Failure Analysis Eindhoven University of The University of Michigan Associates Technology Ann Arbor, Michigan Philadelphia, Pnnsylvania Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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