Bone Histology of Fossil Tetrapods: Advancing Methods, Analysis, and Interpretation PDF
Preview Bone Histology of Fossil Tetrapods: Advancing Methods, Analysis, and Interpretation
Bone Histology of Fossil Tetrapods This page intentionally left blank Bone Histology of Fossil Tetrapods Advancing Methods, Analysis, and Interpretation Edited by Kevin Padian Ellen-Thérèse Lamm UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS Berkeley Los Angeles London University of California Press, one of the most distinguished university presses in the United States, enriches lives around the world by advanc- ing scholarship in the humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences. Its activities are supported by the UC Press Foundation and by philanthropic contributions from individuals and institutions. For more information, visit www.ucpress.edu. University of California Press Berkeley and Los Angeles, California University of California Press, Ltd. London, England © 2013 by The Regents of the University of California Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Bone histology of fossil tetrapods : advancing methods, analysis, and interpretation / edited by Kevin Padian, Ellen-Therese Lamm. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. isbn 978-0-520-27352-8 (cloth : alk. paper) 1. Vertebrates, Fossil—Microstructure. I. Padian, Kevin. II. Lamm, Ellen-Thérèse, 1966- QE841.B674 2013 566-dc23 2012018397 Manufactured in China 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992 (R 2002) (Permanence of Paper). Cover illustration: Tyrannosaurus rex fibula—Museum of the Rockies specimen (MOR 1152). Photographed on a Leica DMEP Microscope under polarized light with a Lambda compensator. Photo by Ellen-Thérèse Lamm. Dedicated to three pioneers of vertebrate paleohistology Donald H. Enlow Armand J. de Ricqlès John R. Horner with respect and affection from their colleagues, students, and friends This page intentionally left blank contents Preface ix Authors and Contributors xi 1. Why Study the Bone Microstructure of Fossil Tetrapods? 1 Kevin Padian 2. The Biology of Bone 13 Adam K. Huttenlocker, Holly Woodward, and Brian K. Hall 3. Selection of Specimens 35 Kevin Padian, Ellen-Thérèse Lamm, and Sarah Werning 4. Preparation and Sectioning of Specimens 55 Ellen-Thérèse Lamm 5. Image Standardization in Paleohistology 161 Timothy Bromage and Sarah Werning 6. Database Standardization 177 Laura Wilson and Maria de Boef Miara 7. Skeletochronology 195 Holly N. Woodward, Kevin Padian, and Andrew H. Lee 8. Analysis of Growth Rates 217 Andrew H. Lee, Adam K. Huttenlocker, Kevin Padian, and Holly N. Woodward viii contents 9. Evolution of Growth Rates and Their Implications 253 Kevin Padian and Koen Stein 10. Research Applications and Integration 265 Kevin Padian, Maria de Boef Miara, Hans C.E. Larsson, Laura Wilson, and Timothy Bromage preface This book was conceived thanks to Dr. Susan Williams, Drew Lee’s former col- league at Ohio University in Athens. We were discussing with Susan the explosion of histological studies of fossil bone that had occurred in the past two decades, and we thought that it might be helpful to provide guidance to people new to the field about how to select, process, and image specimens, and about the questions and issues in the field that had been addressed and that needed further work. Susan suggested that we look into convening a National Evolutionary Synthesis Center (NESCent) workshop on the subject, because she had found them very rewarding in her own field. We contacted Dr. Kathleen Smith, then the Director of NESCent, and she found us funds to bring a small group of people together for a short work- shop in December 2009. It was so successful that we decided to use our discus- sions as the basis for an introductory book. Our working group included experienced hands as well as graduate students and new faculty members who are making some of the strongest contributions and inno- vations in the field. We would have liked to include a great many other colleagues in our group, but unfortunately the pressures of time, previous commitments, and our own limited funding prevailed as they usually do, so we were not able to assemble every one of the “stars” of our field. Nevertheless they and their work were with us in spirit, and some have served as useful advisors and reviewers of these chapters. We do not intend this book to be an exhaustive, encyclopedic treatment of all subjects related to fossil bone histology or to the biology of bone. We wanted to provide an introduction to the problems and methods of the field. Why study the bone histology of fossil tetrapods? What questions can it illuminate? How do we explain variations in the expression of bone tissue in fossil tetrapods? How do you ix
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